and Phonology 65

note on thc Phonetics Transcri tion of words.

• erniöTranscrrp Ion or Words
fits are advised to learn to speak the word' before trying to
'N: and while transcribing they must keep the following general

- sound Jr/ : In.British English the sound Jr/ is never used

the end of the word even if it ends in the letter it is
by /O/. e.g.
er aSeta/ sister /sito/
•on
'e spre-v..=x .91ayer/plero/ goer /gaua/
zced
in &/r/ is used only when the next sound is a vowel sound e,g.
•nve
bring Ibrio/ shrunk /JrA}k/

arise /aralz/ arrived/Orarvd/

The plural suffix --=s/es :(a) 's' or 'es' when added as suffixes
to •the words endin in a •voiceless.sound, sound- with •the
exception of is; t dB is pronounced as /s/. e.g.
leak n leaks Il I:ks/

cap /kæp/ caps /kæps/

(b) 's' or 'es' when added as suffixes to the words ending in

esp voiced sounds with the exception of [voiced z, 3,-d3, voicelesss,
tf/ is prqnqunced as /z

good /gud/ goods /godz/

play /pleJ / prays /plelz/

carry /kærl / carries /kærlz /

1- 's' or 'es' when added to the wordsjending in /s, z. J, 3, t], d3/ is

.ænounced as /lz/

www.A%trologyS.)n
Match' matches /mæt 17/

Judge /d3Adö/ judges /d3Ad3J7J

Bus /bAs/ buses //bAslzJ

Bush /bof/ bushes Ibo 17]

3.(a) 'd' or 'ed' when added to the words ending in a voicelesssound wit
the exception of/t, /iS pronounced as It/

lick 111k/ licked

leap /ll:p/ leaped /ll:pt/

race /rels/ raced Irelst

t) 'd' or 'ed' when added to the words ending in a voiced sound with th-
exception of/dhs pronounced as [d/

Chåse /tJelz/ chased /tfelzd/

Kegs {
Relay frIleRJ relayd /rlleld/

Judge /d Ad judged Id Ad d/

(c) 'd' or 'ed' when added to the words ending It/ or /d/ is pronouncedas

Want /w)nt/ wanted

Defend /dlfend/ d] defended /dlfendld/

 67
phonetics and Phonology

In 'stlc', 'sten' and 'strn' spellings, 't' is silcnt c.g, listen /'l Isn/,
castle/' Ka:sl/. It is also silent in words of French origin like /baJlctJ,
Idépot/ etc.

The suffix 'ed' added to make the verbal past a past participle
after voicelessconsonantsexcept /t/, is pronounced/t/, e.g. blushed
It'lAJt/, reached /ri:tft/.

In the 'kn' spelling'k' is silent, as in 'knee', 'knife', 'knowledge';

'knit', 'knight' etc.

The pronunciation of the "exam" spelling in "example" and

"examination".

'gh' spelling, to be pronounced only as/g/ as in ghetto /l get9D/

'S pronounced /gzl or Iks/. For example : example /lg• za:mpl/,

examination /lg za:ml lnelfn/.

Remember that (i) 's' / 'es' added after voiced consonant except
1/3/and /dö/ (in nouns or verbsjis to b pronounced /zJ as in 'man's,
stabs, hides' etc.

(ii) 's' / 'es' after voiceless consonantexcept /s/, /J/ and /tf/ (in
nouns or verbs) is to be pronounced Is/ as in 'mats, cooks, hits' etc.

-z-(fi) 's' 'es' after /s/, /zJ, /f/, /ö/, /+/ and /d/ is to be pronounced 117]
as in 'roses', 'pushes', 'watches' etc.

In 'n' and 'gn' spelling, 'k' and 'g' are usuallysilent as in the
words 'new', 'night', 'neel', 'gnat', 'sign? etc. but resignation

In British RP, final 'pg' spelling is pronounced and there is no

/g/. In derivations from verbs ending 'ng' again there is sno /g/, e.g.
long —longing /IDO/ - 111)010/,sing ---singing / SID/-

But in derivation from words other verbs, 'ng' spelling is

pronounced log/ as in long (adj) longer /lDog/ / finger /
flog

•www.AstrologyS.in
68 Aspects of Language tMEC

8. In XP, is spoken only béfoie vowelsnhe sounds does not

(ay finålty and' (b) befbte conSoriahts.In Indian English /r/
pronounced in all positions.

9. (i) The' spelling 'w' before f' is silent, as in 'writing', 'write' etc.

(ii) The spelling 'wh t is pronounced /w/;

(iii)For getting the correctsourid of/w/ mouth must be rounded.

WORDS EMPLOYING THE DIFERENTARP SOUNDS

Some Exceptions (words employing different RP sounds):

1. immediate I/liini:di ot/

seize

2. symbol /sImbV

,yillage fillldö/
ladies Rield1zJ

3. breath Ibre0/

pleasant rplezönt/

4. /æ/ cattle Jfkætl/

inanågex ,hmænid3/

5. /a:/ archaic la:s'kelk/

clerk /kla:k/
 lish Phonetics and Phonol 69
Cotton /kDtn/
Holiday /hDlldc1/

daughter

always :lw17J

cushion /lkJn/

w61f /wolff

/u;/ group /gru:p/

school /sku:l/

Country /kAntrI/

judge /ä3Ad3/

onion /Anlon/
.merchant /m3:tJen

joårney /d33:nV

colonel Pk3:nl/

possible rpDsobl/

(v)
phoduce t
/pr å dJå:s/•

colouf /kA10 */

lei/ age /e1d5/

t, ;iE.y
O; /strelt/
straight
 nc.'g nc a

14. child / alid/

climb /klalm/

arrive /o'ralv/

15. choice /t Is/

joint /d3) Int/

destroy /dl'str)l/

16. spoke /spot)ld

window rwindeb/

shoulder 0Dda*/

17. lat)/ crowd /krabd/

flower /flat)

thousand /0aomd/

18. severe /sl'vl

pierce /pl as/

serious /slorl os/

19. /eo/ chair

stair /steo*/

various /veorlos/
 and phonol
lish Phonetics /poo*/
poor
20.
endure /ln'djoo*/

tournament /toonomont/

appoint /opolnt/
21.

appear 19'p19*/

hiccup /hrkAp/

22. remember /rI'memb9*/

crumble RkrAmbl/

thumbing ROKmbIT1

23. attack /e'tæW

-tune /tju:n/

castle /ka:sl/

listen Pilsn/

24. dwindle ./dwindle/

decide /dl'sald/

25. coin /k)ln/

cholera

26. struggle /strAgl/

exactly /lg'zæktll/
• 72
examination /lg'zæmjlnelfn/

27. coach (koo/

28. join ./dö)ln/

urgent .R3•.d3Qnt/

ledger /lled39*/

29. If-ao'netlks/

rough /rAf/'

30. vine Ivaln/

remove /rl'mu:v/-

nephew -/nevju:/.

31. 101 thought

health mé19/

author

32. clothe

other

rather /ra:ö

33. mystery (mÄstorIj

possible rpDsobl/

confess /kon'fes/
 I sh pnonet'(S and Phonol
[n
explain /lkstplcln/

34. /zJ exact /Jg'zxJn/

exert /1g'z3•.t/

35. passion /pæJn/

•
condition Ikondl n/

patient /peIJnt/

36. pleasure

visiön . -/v15n/

occasion /91ke15n/

37. horse

anyhövi Penlha-o/

38. 1m/ manner /.niæne*/

committee /ko'mltl/

39. month /mAn0/

1.4

funny_ /fAn1/

winner •/wlno*/

40. Stropg /str>

bank /bæok/

wrinkle rrlokl/
 74 ts of Language
41. build

ycllow /jclot)/
42. /r/ describe /dls'kralb/

starry /sta:rl/
arrest /o'rest/

43. young /jA0!

beyond /b1'jDnd/
44. witch /wItJ/

frequent /fr'kwent/

COMMON WORDS WITH THEIR PRONUNCIATIONS

Some Common Words with Their Pronunciations

about /ø'bat)t/ anything ren1911J/

abéolute /æbsølu:t/ anywhere Menlwea/

absolutely. /æbsølu:tll/ application /æpll kelJIL/

academic ræko'demlk/ appointment /o p)lntmont

accommodatio /okDmo'deIJn/ appropriate /otprooprlot/

n
according apology /oIpDlod31/

across /o'krDs/ area reorlo/

actually /læk 0011/ aren't /a:nt/

 n/ argue a:gJu•
*qdministration /odmlnls'tre

rcdv3s/ around /o'rdvnd/

Cadversely rcdv3:sII/ arrangement /o'reind3mont/

advertise rcdvotalz/ assault

advertisement /edtv3:tizment/ assessment /øjsesrnont/

aeroplåhe• reorepleln/ association /osoosI'eIJn/

afraid /e'freld/ assistance /otslstons/

agent 'feld39nt/ aSsume

agericy reld3ensL/ astride /9!straId/

agreement /etgri:mont/ atmosFh'ere %hætniosflei

almost average feverl

also •E :lsoo/ beginning ml'glnlry/

althoUgh -bomb /bDm/

among /9irnA0/ bourgeois

anticipate /æn ilslpelt/ bowling tböD111)/

anybody ren1bDdl/ broadcaSt fbr) :dka:st/

anyone fenlwAn/ businessman "blmlsmøn/

cabin rkæbln/ condition /kon'dIJ

/kæilndo/ conference "kl)nfrons/

 cassette AoJsct/ considcr Ikon sldo/

centimeter /sentlmi:to/ consumer /kon'sju:mo/

chamber /tJoImbo/ con Idential /kDnfl'denJl/

champion rtfæmpjon/ confusion /kon'üuzn/

character /kærokto/ consUmption /kon'sAmpfn/

cigarette 'Islgo'ret/ continue

cinema Rslnlme/ continuous /køn'tinjD9s/

classical RklæSIW conscious Rkdnßs/

c incidence Ik9D'InsIdns/ contioversial. /kdntr9'v3:Jl/

colleague PkDli:g/ convenien /konlvi:njent!

-college /kd11d5/ conversation g/kDnva'seIJn/

comb ncoorn/ cooperate /k9D'DporeIt/

comment rkDment/ cooperation /k90Dpe'reIJ%/

commentary rkdmentrl/ coordinate (v) /k0D) :dI'neIJn/

communicate /ko'mju:nlkelt/ coordination :dI'neIJn/

communist rkl)mujonlst/ correspond /kDrI'spDnd/

communal /kl)mujvnl/ correspondence /kDrl'spDndns/

comparison /kom'ærlsn/could't Pkodnt/

 concentrate tknnsntrclt./ criticize tkrItIsaIzJ

concert (n) /kmsot/ cuisine /kwJ'zi:n/

dais emphasi?ß /emßsaIzJ

* 'dangerous Pdelndjros/ encourage /Jn'kArid&/

-decision /d1'vS1f
n/ engagement /In'geId3rnont/

definitely /defln1tlV enough n'nAf/

democracy /dl'mdkresl/ enquiry nn'kwalorl/

demonstrate /demenstrelt/ enthusiasm /ln'eju:zlæzm/

describe /dl'skralb/ enthusiastic /In0ju:zI'æstIkJ

determine /d1't3:mW environment nn'valerenmont/

development /dl'velopment/ event n'vent/

dialogue Pda191Dg/ everybody revrIbDdI/

$ dictionary /dlkf nrl/ everyone /evrIwAn/

diplomacy /dl'ploomosl/ everywhere revrlweat

diplomatic /dlplo'mætlk/ exaggerate ng'zædöorelt/

direction /dl'rekfrn/ exam ng'zxrn/

discuss /dls'khs/. example /lg'za:m l/