CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter includes the Tables and Graphs (Presentation of Data) and Analysis

and Interpretation of data.

Demographic Characteristics

This study tackles the effects of prolonged social media usage of the social

behavior of senior high school students of Palm Valley Multiple Intelligence School

thus respondents of the level of education and strands are considered very important

demographic characteristics in our findings and are presented under graphs.

Graph 1

Age Profile of the Students Respondents

30 - female

27 - male
Graph 1 shows the age profile of the student respondents. The ages of the

respondents ranges from 16-19 years old. Majority of them are 17 years old, 32 out

of 57 students which is equivalent to 56.1% of the total percentage of the

respondents. According to Stewart (2013). Between the ages of sixteen to nineteen

is where physically the growth and development has slowed, but socially and

emotionally they are transitioning from what has been somewhat of a routine and

protective environment to the unknown. This is the age when shift in teens' social

media use began, as the age of them is the exact time of changes in how they think,

feel, and interact with others and might shift in teens' social media use. Graph 1 also

shows that the smallest number of the respondent’s ages is nineteen years old which

only covered 3.5% of the total percentage of the respondents.

Graph 2

Gender Profile of the Student’s Respondents

Graph 2 shows the gender of the respondents. As shown in the graph, the student

respondents are mostly female with the number of 30 respondents or 52.6% of the

total respondents. It is contradicting the research of Booker et al., (2018). Stating

that females are more likely to be engaged in social media more than males, a

pattern that continued throughout adolescence. With regard to social media, as

compared to girls. Teenage boys are more likely to use social media for

entertainment according to the new published research study of Sana et al., (2021).

While a similar study in the United Arab Emirates from Alnjadat et.al., (2011)

found that females use social media for studying purposes more than males.

Meanwhile, 27 respondents or 47.4% of the total respondents are male in most

of them are less likely to use social media. In analyses of Atanasova (2016). Men

are more likely to use authoritative language and more formal speech than women.

Males respond more negatively in interactions. Depending on what men and women

like to talk about on social media, their platform of choice will also vary. Indeed,

male users are generally more self-promotion on social media and are more likely

to show their creative work, like writings, music or videos, online. Almost two-

thirds of men reported posting their work online compared to only half of women

according to the study of Northwestern University (2018).

In other words, men gravitate to more text-oriented mediums such as how online

discussion forums like how Reddit or Digg count more male users while Female

users generally prefer visual platforms such as Pinterest, Facebook and Instagram

have a larger female user base.

 Graph 3

Academic Strand Profile of Student’s Respondents

Graph 3 shows the academic strand of the respondents. 32 students or 56.14% of

the total respondents are from the STEM strand which covered more than half of

the respondents. Followed by HUMSS which has 16 students or 28.07% of the total

respondents and the least number which is ABM strand that has 9 students or

15.79% of the total respondents. Social media have been most widely researched in

the literature, probably because communication is a cornerstone of social

interaction, and the study of social media has always moved across academic

matters of senior high school students.

 TABLE 1

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Socializing

Weighted Interpretation

Socializing Mean

1 I often keep my social media occupied while I'm 3.30 Neutral

bored and alone, not when I'm with friends,
family, teachers, and so on.

2. I find it easy to spend 1-3 hours on social media 3.75 Neutral

to communicate and connect with family members
in a day.
3. I'm likely to recommend social media websites 3.11 Neutral
to my family and friends based on my overall
experience with them.
4. Usually, the first thing I do when I wake up is 2.86 Neutral
check my phone for any notifications.
5. I engage myself in measuring the number of 2.82 Neutral
likes or comments received on a post or status
update.
6. I'm constantly being told by someone that I'm 2.88 Neutral
using social media too much.
7. I am more likely to socialize with my friends 3.21 Neutral
through online platforms like Facebook,
Messenger, Twitter, Instagram etc.
8. If I had the choice to spend weekend, either 2.93 Neutral
attending occasions outside or scrolling through
social media. I would probably choose attending
occasions.
9. I only use social media platforms whenever 2.84 Neutral
using my separated account to keep it private and
unknown.
10. I do not care about the number of friends I 2.61 Disagree
accept on social media like Facebook.
Total 3.03 Neutral

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral

3.5-4.2 Agree

4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 1 shows the weighted mean of each statement for social media in the

socializing category with the total of ten statements in the social media variable.

The highest weighted mean being 3.75. It states that “I find it easy to spend 1-3

hours on social media to communicate and connect with family members in a day”

Social media have many positive effects on education. The positive effects that

social media have on students are better communication, timely information,

socializing online, learning, enhancing skills, making a career among others, a new

related study concluded by Singh (2021).

 On the other side, the lowest being 2.80. It states “I engage myself in measuring

the number of likes or comments received on a post or status update” which

contradicts a study, Pew Research Center defined social media usage by students in

different ways, depending on their interests, communities, friends, and family

which include ways of showing their behavior such as organizing a catch-up with

friends. The overall weighted mean arrived to be 3.42 and is interpreted as

“neutral”.

Table 1 presents the data on how the students get influenced by their use of social

media and if it affects their social behavior.

TABLE 2

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Studying

Weighted Interpretation

Studying Mean

1. The more time I spend socializing on social 3.44 Neutral

media is the more time I spend studying.

2. I only use social media just to see class updates 3.32 Neutral
and share homework assignments from the
teachers all the time.
3. The way I spend regularly on social media really 3.37 Neutral
does affect how I write grammar and spelling in
class.
4. I find it difficult to spend less time on social 3.14 Neutral
media before the upcoming school examination.
5. I rely on social media to enhance my 3.02 Neutral
knowledge.
6. I usually spent my time checking my social 3.09 Neutral
media rather than using it to study for my next
lesson.
7. Before class, I rarely check social media to see 3.39 Neutral
what we'll be discussing.
8. My studies have been performed harder due to 3.11 Neutral
social media.
9. I experience arriving late to class because I stay 2.56 Disagree
up late checking my social media accounts.
10. I rarely use social media to find the 3.26 Neutral
information that I want to know.
Total 3.16 Neutral

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral

3.5-4.2 Agree

4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 2 shows the weighted mean of each statement in the studying category.

The highest weighted mean being 3.43 came from statement 1. It states that “The

more time I spend socializing on social media is the more time I spend studying”.

A related study by Flook (2019) concluded that social media in terms of studying

supports students to be creative, organized as they combine studying and socializing

for maximum advantage.

On the other side, the lowest being 2.55 came from statement 9. It states that “I

experience arriving late to class because I stay up late checking my social media

accounts.” which contradicts a study, carried out by researchers from the University
 of Science & Technology of China and the City University of Hong Kong (2013).

It was found that social networking sites can help students to become academically

and socially integrated, and may even improve learning outcomes. The overall

weighted mean arrived to be 3.16 and is interpreted as “neutral”.

Table 2 presents the data on how the students get influenced by their use of social

media and if it affects their social behavior.

TABLE 3

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Entertainment

Weighted Interpretation

Entertainment Mean

1. I always find myself looking on social media 3.81 Agree

just for funny moments via a meme or video.

2. I'm likely to spend time on social media for 3.42 Neutral

entertainment because of gaming sites
3. I find myself being entertained by social 3.79 Agree
media when it comes to informative videos like
tutorials, DIYs, vlogs etc.
4. I usually use social media to follow popular 3.47 Neutral
culture, such as bands, fashion and sport.
5. Whenever I feel lonely, I always divert my 3.84 Agree
attention to checking all of my social platforms
like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc.
6. Some insensitive content in social media 3.77 Agree
makes me anxious.

7. When I want to be entertained, I prefer 3.28 Neutral

investing my time through journaling, reading,
cooking, dancing, listening to music, playing
instruments rather than scrolling through social
media.
8. I often find myself getting stuck in an endless 3.63 Agree
loop of switching between Twitter, Instagram,
TikTok, and Facebook to divert my boredom.
9. The only points I often use on social media 3.60 Agree
are to watch films, animations, music videos, my
favorite celebrity or show interviews and so
much more.
10. I hardly ever go to cinemas because I always 3.68 Agree
prefer to watch it on social media sites such as
YouTube, Netflix or even Facebook.
Total 3.63 Agree

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral

3.5-4.2 Agree

4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 3 shows the weighted mean of each statement in entertainment category. The

highest weighted mean being 3.82 came from statement 5. It states that “Whenever
I feel lonely, I always divert my attention into checking all of my social platforms

like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and etc.” A related study by Kamiloğlu and

Yurttaş (2014) conducted a study on Turkish Culture and emphasized that the most

commonly used social media was Facebook and was primarily used for acquiring

information, entertainment, and free time.The lowest being 3.27 came from

statement 7. It states that “When I want to be entertained, I prefer investing my time

through journaling, reading, cooking, dancing, listening to music, playing

instruments rather than scrolling through social media.” which contradicts a study,

carried out by Reach Out School, social media in students' entertainment include

some ways of sharing small funny moments with friends via a meme or video or

following popular cultures, such as bands, fashion, and sport. The overall weighted

mean arrived to be 3.63 and is interpreted as “agree”.

Table 3 presents the data on how the students get influenced by their use of social

media and if it affects their social behaviour.

TABLE 4

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Emotions

Emotions Weighted Interpretation

Mean

1. When I want to feel more positive emotions 3.70 Agree

such as joy or amusement, I change what I am
thinking about.
2. I express my emotions well through social 2.75 Neutral
media.
3. Social media is a huge help when it comes 3.95 Agree
to interacting with loved ones.
 4. When I am feeling positive emotions, I post 2.68 Neutral
it on social media for people to know.
5. When I feel sad, I talk to people close to me 3.12 Neutral
using direct messages, calls and video calls.
6. I control my emotions by not expressing 3.81 Agree
them through social media platforms.
7. When I want to feel more positive emotions, 3.89 Agree
I simply watch funny videos and memes on
Facebook and Tiktok.
8. I have the tendency to smooth out my 3.63 Agree
emotions just by watching relaxing videos such
as ASMR, Vlogs, and so on.
9. When I am feeling negative emotions, I 3.33 Neutral
distracted myself by posting funny memes in
Facebook.
10. I feel uncomfortable in some social media 3.98 Agree
sites that's why I do not post or share my
thoughts publicly.
Total 3.48 Neutral

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral

3.5-4.2 Agree

4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 4 shows the weighted mean of each statement in emotions category. The

highest weighted mean being 3.98 came from statement 10. It states that “I feel

uncomfortable in some social media sites that's why I do not post or share my

thoughts publicly.”. A related study by Hyvärinen and Beck (2018) stated that
emotions are inextricably linked to how humans behave and make use of social

media. While a more cognitive perspective on social media dominated early

research into knowledge exchange, the topic of emotions and their significance on

social media is gaining traction. On the other side, the lowest being 3.14 came from

statements 5 and 9. It states that “When I feel sad, I talk to people close to me using

direct messages, calls and video calls.” and the other is “When I am feeling negative

emotions, I distracted myself by posting funny memes in Facebook.” which

contradicts a study, carried out by Young (2016) which concluded that those who

expected anger to boost their performance played better if they felt angry, rather

than relatively calm; in contrast, angry participants in the “calm is good” condition

didn’t show this advantage. The overall weighted mean how the students get

influenced by their use of social media and if it affects their social behavior.

TABLE 5

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Motives

Motives Weighted Interpretation

Mean
1. When commenting on my best friend's 3.47 Neutral
picture on social media, I include funny lines
to make the caption hilarious for other people.

2. My motivation in using social media is 3.39 Neutral

influenced by my goal of learning rather than
entertainment purposes.

3. I used social media since I love to talk about 2.86 Neutral

myself and at least share details about my past
and preferences.
4. Even when people are now participating in 3.68 Agree
social media trend, it is up to me whether I
want to participate in social media as well.

5. I believe my schoolworks has yielded 3.53 Agree

satisfying results through social media
platforms (YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, and
Pinterest etc.)
6. I discover my own and other's identity 3.40 Neutral
through relationships we form using social
media platforms.
7. I'm motivated to use social media because 3.32 Neutral
many of my social media role models inspire
me.
8. I use social media platforms as an important 3.46 Neutral
experience for socializing.
9. I use social media platforms as an important 3.63 Agree
experience for learning.
10. I use social media platforms as an 3.88 Agree
important experience for entertainment.

Total 3.47 Neutral

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral
 3.5-4.2 Agree

4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 5 shows the weighted mean of each statement in motives category. The

highest weighted mean being 3.88 came from statement 10. It states that “I use

social media platforms as an important experience for entertainment.” A related

study by Seifert, K. & Sutton (2012) concluded that when it comes to motives as

behavior, sometimes it is useful to think of motivation not as something “inside” a

student driving the student’s behavior, but as equivalent to the student’s outward

behaviors. On the other side, the lowest being 2.88 came from statement 3. It states

that “I used social media since I love to talk about myself and at least share details

about my past and preferences.” which contradicts a study, carried out by Cherry

(2020). Saying that in everyday usage, the term "motivation" is frequently used to

describe why a person does something. It is the driving force behind human actions.

The overall weighted mean arrived to be 3.46 and is interpreted as “neutral”.

Table 5 presents the data on how the students get influenced by their use of social

media and if it affects their social behavior.

TABLE 6

Weighted Mean of the Responses in Social Norms

 Social Norms Weighted Interpretation
Mean

1. When I'm on social media, I usually say 3.56 Agree

"Please" and "Thank You."
2. I usually wait for those around me to explain 3.47 Neutral
instructions on social media before I ask them.
3. I don't like sharing my number of post likes 3.46 Neutral
on social media because my posts are archived
and can be found later.
4. I immediately use social media to notify 3.77 Agree
someone that I will be late or will not be
attending an appointment.
5. I use social media while having a 3.40 Neutral
conversation with someone else
6. I experience browsing on social media to 3.19 Neutral
entertain myself during class.
7. I occasionally use curse words on social 3.32 Neutral
media when communicating only with my
close friends.
8. After waking up the morning, scrolling 3.28 Neutral
through social media is something I do before
making my bed.
9. I usually don’t double check my posts 2.89 Neutral
anymore before posting/sending school tasks
to my teachers.
10. I fear of neglecting my social media status 2.96 Neutral
because accounts users will think I’m plain out
of touch with current trends.
Total 3.33 Neutral

Legend

1-1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9-2.6 Disagree

2.7-3.4 Neutral

3.5-4.2 Agree
 4.3-5 Strongly Agree

Table 6 shows the weighted mean of each statement in the social norms

category. The highest weighted mean being 3.77 came from statement 4. It

states that “I immediately use social media to notify someone that I will be late

or will not be attending an appointment.” A related study by Cameron (2019).

Stating that social norms are rules of behavior. They inform group members

how to construe a given situation, how to feel about it, and how to behave in it.

They exert social influence on group members by prescribing which reactions

are appropriate, and which are not.

On the other side, the lowest being 2.89 came from statement 9. It states that

“I usually don’t double check my posts anymore before posting/sending school

tasks to my teachers.” which contradicts a study, carried out by Flook (2019)

concluded that saying that within a group, social norms are self-enforcing

patterns of behavior: everyone conforms, everyone is expected to comply, and

everyone wants to conform when everyone else is expected to conform.

Multiple mechanisms, such as a desire to coordinate, fear of being sanctioned,

signaling membership in a group, or just following the lead of others, are often

used to maintain social norms. The overall weighted mean arrived to be 3.33

and is interpreted as “neutral”.

Table 6 presents the data on how the students get influenced by their use of

social media and if it affects their social behavior.

 TABLE 7

Ranking of Weighted Mean

Weighted Interpretation

Social Media Mean

Socializing 3.42 Neutral

Studying 3.16 Neutral

Entertainment 3.63 Agree

Table 7 shows the overall weighted mean of the three social media categories

and its ranking. The results depict that the student respondents are more active in

entertainment as it ranked the first. From the study of Edelman (2018), consumers

believe social media delivers a higher value experience as a kind of entertainment.

The fourth annual trust in the entertainment industry poll also finds that the internet

is only second to television as a source of entertainment. While social media sites

are yet considered entertainment firms, they are setting the standard for adding

value to the entertainment experience. It was believed that all businesses today

operate in this new era of social entertainment and that it will continue to have an

impact on how people interact with entertainment and one another

 TABLE 8

Chi-Square of Independence (Social Media)

Social Media Social Behavior Total

Emotions Motives Social Norms
Socializing 7 5 8 20

Studying 0 3 1 4

Entertainment 11 13 9 33

Total 18 21 18 57

2
𝑥𝑐 = 4.466

2
𝑥 𝑡 = 9.49

Level of Significance = 0.05

Df = 4

Decision: Accept H0

Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the frequency of students’

engagement in social media and their social behavior.

The Chi-square of Independence table above is categorized into an Agree

evaluation, strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree. This is to

interpret the three categories, namely, socializing, studying and entertainment. The
studying category had the least amount of strongly agreed performance with only 0

respondent and least above all the categories.

We used the 0.05 level of significance as it is the most used by statisticians. The

degree of freedom resulted in 8 and we then found out that our tabular value is 9.49.

Our calculated value is 4.466 which is less than 5.024. This means that our

conclusion accepts the null hypothesis and also means that there is no significant

relationship between social media and social behavior.