The incidence of febrile convulsions among children is a significant concern for public health.

Febrile convulsions, also known as febrile seizures, are the most common type of seizures in
children and are often associated with fever (Keum et al., 2023). The prevalence of febrile
seizures varies across different regions, with reported rates ranging from 2% to 5% globally
(Jang et al., 2019). However, recent studies have shown higher prevalence rates in specific
populations, such as 6.92% in South Korea (Jang et al., 2019). Additionally, the age-specific
incidence of a first febrile seizure has been identified, with the highest peak incidence
occurring at 16 months of age (Christensen et al., 2022). Febrile convulsions are more
common in males, and the prevalence of simple seizures is higher compared to complex
seizures in children younger than 2 years old (Javadi et al., 2017). Several factors have been
associated with febrile convulsions, including iron deficiency anemia (Jang et al., 2019),
hyperglycemia (Lee et al., 2015), hypercalciuria (Gorabi et al., 2018), and reduced serum
calcium levels (Ushakiran & Suresh, 2017). Furthermore, there is evidence of a potential
association between febrile convulsions and urinary tract infections (Kazeminezhad et al.,
2018). It has also been reported that febrile seizures can be a neurological manifestation of
viral infections, such as norovirus gastroenteritis (Chen et al., 2019), and may be linked to
neuro-invasive properties of certain viruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Thakur et
al., 2021). The relationship between febrile seizures and other neurological conditions, such
as epilepsy, has been a subject of interest. While most children do not develop adverse
neural sequelae after experiencing a febrile seizure, epidemiological studies have indicated
that a significant proportion of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy have a history of
febrile convulsions in their early life (Sun et al., 2015). Additionally, there is evidence of a
higher prevalence of non-febrile seizures in children with autism spectrum disorder (McCue
et al., 2016). The management and understanding of febrile convulsions among caregivers,
particularly mothers, have also been studied. It has been reported that a substantial
proportion of mothers have medium to low knowledge regarding febrile convulsions in
children (Paudel et al., 2018). Furthermore, there is a need for structured teaching programs
to improve the knowledge and management of febrile convulsions among caregivers ("A
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Knowledge
on Management of Febrile Convulsion among Mothers of under Five Children in Rajarajeswari
Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore", 2015). In conclusion, febrile convulsions are a
common neurological condition in children, with varying prevalence rates across different
populations. Several factors, including viral infections, iron deficiency anemia, and
electrolyte imbalances, have been associated with febrile seizures. Understanding the
epidemiology and associated risk factors is crucial for the effective management and
prevention of febrile convulsions in children.

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