Abstract

Temperature controlled-based water heating system has become an important topic in all
applications, especially industrial applications with a wide range of efficient temperatures. The
system basically includes a voltage regulator, a dry resistor, a temperature sensor, an LCD, a relay,
a heater, and a microcontroller. Arduino UNO is used to regulate voltage, sense temperatures to
various levels and checking the final output, the heater turned on and off when the unit exceeded
the set value.

Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................ 2

1.1. Project Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 2

2. Materials and methods: ........................................................................................................................... 2

2.1. Project requirement specifications ................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1. Software requirement;................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2. Hardware description .................................................................................................................... 3

3. Design and implementation..................................................................................................................... 6

3.1. Circuit diagram .................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2. flowchat ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Reference ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
 1. Introduction:
Water heating is part of energy utilization and is a process that is old as man, with the mode of
heating water changing from the use of sun to the modern day electricity. Due to importance of
hot water to mankind, water-heating units are therefore indispensable and are found in homes,
offices, factories, cafeterias, manufacturing processes etc. for customers to use energy efficiently
for domestic or industrial utility when heating water in a system, there is a need to use a
temperature controlled-based water heating systems, which make it possible for consumers in
domestic premises and industrial areas to efficiently control water heating systems
1.1. Project Objectives
The primary objectives of the water heating system project is to design, implement, and
demonstrate a user-friendly and efficient system for heating water to a user-specified temperature.
The system aims to
• provide a seamless interface through a keypad and LCD display, allowing users to input
and select their desired water temperature.
• The integration of an Arduino microcontroller facilitates real-time monitoring of the water
temperature through a dedicated temperature sensor.
• The project also focuses on ensuring user safety by incorporating a relay to control the
heater, allowing for the automatic activation and deactivation of the heating element based
on the temperature differentials.
• Additionally, the inclusion of a buzzer serves as an audible indicator, notifying users when
the water has reached the desired temperature.
Through these objectives, the project aims to offer a reliable, user-friendly, and safe water heating
solution, leveraging the capabilities of electronic components and microcontroller technology.

2. Materials and methods:

The user interacts with the system through a keypad, inputting their desired water temperature. A
temperature sensor continually monitors the current water temperature, providing real-time data
for the system. The information is displayed on an LCD, with the top line showing the current
temperature and the second line indicating the user-set desired temperature.
The heating process is initiated when the Arduino, at regular intervals, compares the current water
temperature with the desired temperature. If the current temperature is below the user-set value,
the Arduino activates a relay, serving as a switch to power the heater. An integrated buzzer
provides audio feedback, signaling the initiation of the heating process. Optionally, a different
sound may be emitted when the water reaches the desired temperature.
Throughout the heating process, users can monitor the temperature progress on the LCD and adjust
the desired temperature using the keypad. The system employs safety measures, potentially
including an emergency stop button or automatic shut-off if the temperature surpasses a predefined
limit.
As the water approaches and matches the desired temperature, the Arduino deactivates the relay,
turning off the heater. The LCD is promptly updated to reflect the achieved temperature, and the
buzzer may emit a distinctive sound to signify that the desired temperature has been reached. This
combination of hardware components and automated control ensures a user-friendly and
interactive water heating experience, offering both visual and audio cues for effective monitoring
and control.
2.1. Project requirement specifications

2.1.1. Software requirement;

i. Proteus 8 : this simulation software allowed us to test your Arduino code and circuit
virtually before deploying it on actual hardware.
ii. Arduino software : This Arduino Integrated Development Environment is essential for
programming the Arduino microcontroller.
2.1.2. Hardware description
To build the Water Heating System, you'll need several hardware components. Here's a list of the
key components required for the project:
i. ARDUINO BOARD:
The circuit consist of an Arduino board which is the brain of the project.
ii. LCD Display: A 6x2 LCD display is provided to display the user set values and the
current temperature of the water. A 10k variable resistor is provided to adjust the contrast
of the LCD display
iii. DS_18B20 Digital Temperature sensor
 A water proof (digital) temperature sensor DS18B20 is utilized in the circuit to measure
the current water temperature accurately. It comes in a metallic tube and the actual sensor
inside looks like a transistor. The sensor comes with 3 wires 5V, Data and GND. The data
line must be connected with a 4.7k pull-up resistor.
It can sense temperature from -55 to +125 degree Celsius and can measure temperature
with the accuracy of +/- 0.5 degree Celsius (from -10 t0 +85C). Since our application is
about heating water, the limited the working range from 0 to 110 degree Celsius/32 to
230 F is required.

DS_18B20 waterproof Temperature sensor

iv. Relay Pin:

A 9V/12V relay is utilized in the circuit to turn on and off the water heater. The relay coil
is controlled by a NPN transistor BC548 and the input signal to the transistor provided
from pin #8 of Arduino. A current limiting resistor of 4.7k is connected to the base
terminal to prevent over-biasing of the transistor. A diode is connected across the relay
to arrest the high voltage spikes that could arise while energizing and de-energizing the
relay coil.
 Relay pin diagram

v. Heater to relay wiring:

It was ensured that relay contacts could handle the current water heating demands. A 10A
250V relay can handle 1KW/1000W heater, above which a higher ampere rated relay.

Heater to relay wiring diagram

vi. Buzzer:

A 5V buzzer is provided to notify when the water reaches the temperature set by you, this
feature is helpful when you just want to attain certain temperature and you would remove
the heater form water. The buzzer could be switched off using the switch provided in the
circuit when temperature of the water wants to be maintained for long time. For example,
sterilizing medical tools where the tools need to be placed in hot water several minutes to
hours, and you don’t want to get notified when the temperature reaches the set value.
 vii. Power input:
The circuit is provided by a wall adapter with 9V (if you are using 9V relay) or with 12V.
it should provide a minimum current of 500mA.
viii. Keypads: Four buttons are provided using which user can set a temperature that you
wish to attain / maintain in the mentioned range.

3. Design and implementation

3.1. Circuit diagram

Below is a detailed circuit diagram showing the connections between the Arduino, keypad, LCD,
temperature sensor, buzzer, relay, and other components.
3.2. Flowchart
Flow of the system

Reference
Khalifa Dai Elnour (2022), Smart Water System Monitoring and Controlling Using Arduino
Board, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1929361/v1

Obomeghie, A (2022), Development of a Microcontroller Programmable-Based Water Heater with

Temperature Display