Answers and Explanations 289

Answer Key 3. 5
B
Section 17-1
x2 2 x + 15
1. A 2. D 3. 5 4. D 5. C

Section 17-2 C
A
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A
m A=m C Given
Section 17-3 AB = BC Isosceles Theorem
x 2 = 2 x + 15 Substitution
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
x 2 − 2 x − 15 = 0 Make one side 0.
Section 17-4 ( x + 3)( x − 5) = 0 Factor.

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C x + 3 = 0 or x − 5 = 0 Zero Product Property

x = −3 or x = 5
Since x 0 , the value of x is 5.
Chapter 17 Practice Test
4. D
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
6. A 7. 10.4 8. 45 9. 240
B
30

Answers and Explanations 55

A C

Section 17-1 m A + 30 = 55 Exterior Angle Theorem

m A = 25
1. A m A + m B = 90 The acute s of a right
3 x − 40 = x + 48 Exterior Angle Theorem are complementary.
3 x − 40 − x = x + 48 − x Subtract x from each side.
25 + m B = 90 m A = 25 .
2 x − 40 = 48 Simplify.
m B = 65
2 x = 88 Add 40 to each side.
5. C
x = 44
B
2. D
B

18 A C
D D
x AD = BD Given
C
A m ABD = m A Isosceles Theorem
m A = 26 Given
AD = DC Given
m ABD = 26 m A = 26
m DAC = m DCA = 18 Isosceles Theorem
m BDC Exterior Theorem
m BDA Exterior Theorem
= m A + m ABD
= m DCA + m DAC
m BDC = 26 + 26 = 52 m A = m ABD = 26
m BDA = 18 + 18 m DAC = m DCA = 18
BD = BC Given
m BDA = 36 Simplify.
m C = m BDC Isosceles Theorem
AB = AD Given
m DBA = m BDA = 36 Isosceles Theorem m C = 52 m BDC = 52
m C + m BDC + m DBC = 180 Angle Sum
In triangle ABD , the angle sum is 180. Theorem
Thus, x + 36 + 36 = 180 . 52 + 52 + m DBC = 180 m C = m BDC = 52
Solving the equation for x gives x = 108 . m DBC = 76
290 Chapter 17

Section 17-2 1 = CD
BC = 2CD = 2 ⋅1 = 2
1. C
perimeter of ABC
A = AB + BC + AC
= 2 3 + 2 + (3 + 1)
= 2 3+6
2 3
3. C
30
C B B
D 2 3 D
AD = BD Given
m BAD = m B = 30 Isosceles Theorem
m ADC = m BAD + m B Exterior Theorem
m ADC = 30 + 30 = 60 m BAD = m B = 30
ADC is a 30 -60 -90 triangle. A C

In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
as long as the shorter leg. Therefore,
AD = 2CD AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 Pythagorean Theorem
2 3 = 2CD AC 2 = 62 + 82 = 100
3 = CD . AC 2 = AD 2 + CD 2 Pythagorean Theorem
100 = AD 2 + 52 AC 2 = 100 , CD = 5
BC = BD + CD = 2 3 + 3 = 3 3
100 − 25 = AD 2
Triangle ABC is also a 30 -60 -90 triangle.
75 = AD 2
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the longer leg is 3
times as long as the shorter leg. Therefore, 75 = AD
BC = 3 AC 5 3 = AD
3 3 = 3AC
4. A
3 = AC .
B
AB = 2 AC = 2 × 3 = 6

2. B
B 4 2

A C
D
3
14
30 60 Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
A C
D
AD = CD = 7 Definition of segment
In the figure above, ABD and BCD are bisector
30 -60 -90 triangles.
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice AB 2 = BD 2 + AD 2 Pythagorean Theorem
as long as the shorter leg and the longer leg is 3 AB 2 = (4 2) 2 + 7 2 Substitution
times as long as the shorter leg. In ABD , = 32 + 49 = 81
AB = 2 BD = 2 3 AB = 81 = 9 Square root both sides.
AD = 3BD = 3 ⋅ 3 = 3 . AB = BC Isosceles Triangle Theorem
In BCD , Perimeter of ABC
BD = 3CD = AB + BC + AC
3 = 3CD = 9 + 9 + 14 = 32
Answers and Explanations 291

Section 17-3 3. B
B
1. D
12 7.8
A

D E
6 9
8 y

A x C
B D
C
3
BD BA 12 20
= ⇒ = ⇒ 12 x = 9 ⋅ 20
F E DE AC 9 x
⇒ x = 15
Draw EF , which is parallel and congruent to BD .
Extend AB to point F . Since EF BD , F is 4. A
a right angle. BD BE 12 7.8
= ⇒ = ⇒ 12 y = 8 × 7.8
BD = EF = 12 and DE = BF = 3 DA EC 8 y
AF = AB + BF = 6 + 3 = 9 ⇒ y = 5.2
AE 2 = AF 2 + EF 2 Pythagorean Theorem
= 92 + 122
= 225 Section 17-4
AE = 225 = 15
1. D
2. C 1
Area of triangle ABC = BC ⋅ AC
A 2
1
= (15) AC = 60
D 2
⇒ 7.5 AC = 60 ⇒ AC = 8
10
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 Pythagorean Theorem
C AB 2 = 82 + 152
11 = 289
16
AB = 289 = 17
E
B Perimeter of ABC = AB + BC + AC
= 17 + 15 + 8 = 40
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
B D Given 2. A
ACB ECD Vertical s are . B
ACB ECD AA similarity
If two triangles are similar, their corresponding
sides are proportional.
BC AC A C
= D
DC EC
16 AC Let BD = h and let AC = b .
=
10 11 If BD was increased by 50 percent, the new BD
10 AC = 16 × 11 will be h + 0.5h , or 1.5h .
AC = 17.6 If AC was reduced by 50 percent, the new AC
will be b − 0.5b ,or 0.5b .
1
The new area of ABC = (new AC ) × (new BD)
2
292 Chapter 17

1 1 Chapter 17 Practice Test

= (0.5b)(1.5h) = (0.75bh)
2 2
Because the area of the triangle before change was 1. B
1 C
(bh) , the area has decreased by 25 percent. B
2
F D
3. C
B
A E
12 12
If the area of square ABCD is 4x 2 , the length
30 30 C
of the side of square ABCD is 2x .
A
D Drawing DF , a perpendicular bisector of CE ,
makes two 30 -60 -90 triangles, CDF and
ABD and CBD are 30 -60 -90 triangles.
EDF .
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice
CE = 2 x
as long as the shorter leg and the longer leg is 3
times as long as the shorter leg. 1 1
CF = CE = (2 x) = x
2 2
AB = 2 BD
DF = 3CF = 3 x
12 = 2BD
6 = BD 1 1
Area of CDE = CE ⋅ DF = (2 x)( 3 x)
AD = 3BD 2 2
AD = 3(6) = 6 3 = 3x 2

AC = 2 AD = 12 3 2. A
1 1 T
Area of ABC = AC ⋅ BD = (12 3)(6)
2 2 35
= 36 3 P 50
S
4. C

Q R

III B
PQ PT Given
I m PQT = m T = 35 Isosceles Theorem
m PQT + m T + m QPT Angle Sum Theorem
A C = 180
II 35 + 35 + m QPT = 180 Substitution
m QPT = 110
m QPT Angle Addition Postulate
The area of a square is the square of the length of = m QPR + m RPT
any side. 110 = m QPR + 50 Substitution
The area of square region I = BC 2 = 80 . 60 = m QPR
The area of square region II = AC 2 = 150 .
PQ QR Given
The area of square region III = AB 2 m PQR = 90 Definition of Right
AB 2 = BC 2 + AC 2 Pythagorean Theorem m PQR + m QPR + m R Angle Sum Theorem
= 80 + 150 = 230 = 180
90 + 60 + m R = 180 Substitution
Therefore, the area of square region III is 230.
m R = 30
Answers and Explanations 293

3. B AC DE
= AA Similarity Postulate
P BC BE
x −1 12 8
= Substitution
V 15 BE
Q
x +1 12 BE = 15 × 8 Cross Products
W BE = 10
x R
6. A
T U
S b
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 2
PT x
Since VQ WR TS , = .
PS RS 1 3 130
( x − 1) + ( x + 1) + x x a
= Substitution
15 RS
3x x m 1 + m 2 + m 3 = 180 Angle Sum Theorem
= Simplify.
15 RS a + m 1 = 180 Straight measures 180.
3 x( RS ) = 15 x Cross Products m 1 = 180 − a
RS = 5
m 2=b Vertical s are .
4. C 130 + m 3 = 180 Straight measures 180.
m 3 = 50
180 − a + b + 50 = 180 Substitution

230 − a + b = 180
h −a + b = −50
6 a − b = 50

S 7.5 D 7. 10.4
18 S
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. P 6.4
5
Let h = the length of the pole.
6 h R
=
7.5 18 8
7.5h = 6 × 18 Cross Products Q T
h = 14.4 PQ ST Given
m P=m T If PQ ST , alternate
5. D
interior s are .
A m PRQ = m TRS Vertical s are .
PRQ TRS AA Similarity Postulate
PR RQ
E = AA Similarity Postulate
TR RS
5 RQ
= Substitution
B 8 6.4
C D
8 RQ = 5 × 6.4 Cross Products
m C = m BED All right s are equal. RQ = 4
m B=m B Reflexive Property QS = SR + RQ = 6.4 + 4 = 10.4
ABC DBE AA Similarity Postulate
294 Chapter 17

8. 45
S
R
Q
P

W V 2.5x U T
3x 3.5x

In the figure above, PW QV RU ST ,

because they are all perpendicular to TW .
PS QR
Therefore, = .
WT VU
162 QR
= Substitution
3 x + 2.5 x + 3.5 x 2.5 x
162 QR
= Simplify.
9 x 2.5 x
9 x(QR ) = 162(2.5 x) Cross Products
9 x(QR ) = 405 x Simplify.
QR = 45

9. 240
B
26

C
A D
48
Draw BD perpendicular to AC . Since ABC is
an isosceles triangle, BD bisects AC .
1 1
Therefore, AD = CD = AC = (48) = 24 .
2 2
CD 2 + BD 2 = BC 2 Pythagorean Theorem
242 + BD 2 = 262
576 + BD 2 = 676
BD 2 = 100
BD = 10
1
Area of ABC = ( AC )( BD) .
2
1
= (48)(10)
2
= 240