WBUHHS

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR

PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONN

1st Prof MBBS

By R G Kar Medical College Students Unity

KEY FEATURES
KEY FEATURES
KEYATURE
All important topics
are there which u must go
through before ur
practical exams..
"A ship in aharbour is safe, but that is not
what ships are built for."

First year medicOs, its time to face the storm

head on. The upcoming university exams may
be tough, but you are tougher. Concentrate
your efforts towards your goal, and make full
use of the limited time.Remember -"A good
plan, violently executed now, is better than a
perfect plan executed next week."

RGKSU wishes you best of luck for your ist

Professional MBBS examination.
Anatomy Practicals
1. Surface Marking
2.X-Rays
3. Histology Slides

DENTS
SIUD
RS
KAR
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RGKS0

SpdfEdu
 POINTS
1. NASUN
A point corresponding with depression
at the root of the nose.

2. INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN
A point 1.25cms below the infra
orbital margin and 2.5cms away
from the midline.

3. TIP OF THE GREATER CORNU

OF HYOID
THYROIole4
LAMI
A finger is to be passed downward
along the midline from the
symphysis menti, when the Hyoid
(body) is felt, and then it is to
RA
be traced outwards to find the
cornu.

4. THYROD EMINENCE
In the midline, thyroid eminence is
felt below the body of the hyoid.
 I

5. ANTERIOR ARCH OF THE

CRICOI
The prominence bel the thyroid
cartilage is the antt rior arch of
ericoid.

LINES

1.RIGHT cOMMON CAROTID

ARTERYY
A. A point at the right sterno-clavicular
joint.
B. A point at the bifurcation of the
artery.
eis
34vvs Points 'A'& '® are joined by a straight
line.
2. RIGHT INTERNAL CAROTID
ARTERY

B. A point
at the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery.
 C. A point at the posterior border
the condyle of the right mandii

Points B &'C are joined by a straight

line.

3.FACIAL ARTERY IN THE FACE

D. A point at the base of the mandible
in front of the anterior border
of the right masseter.

E. A point 1.25cms away from the

right angle of mouth.

F. A point at the medial angle of

the right palpebral fissure.

D', 'E&P arejoined by a tortuous

line.

4. INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

(RIGHT)
seit
C. A point at the lobule of the right
sevva
ear.
A. A point at the sternal end of the
right elavicle.

Points & 'Á are to be joined by a

line.
 5. PAROTID DUCT (RIGHT)
G. A point at the lower border of
he riht tragus.
t.A point midway between th
of the nose and upper marg of
the upper lip.

Middle /d of the line joining "¢ &

E represents the duet.

6. SPINAL, ACCESSORY NERVE

(RIGHT)

G. A point at the lower border of

. the right tragus.

A point at the tip of the right
transverse process of the atlas (
midpoint between the tip of the
mastoid process and the angle of
the mandible).

I. A point at the anterior border of

T HyR O1e4 the right sternomastoid musele, at
LARINA
the junetion of the upper 1/:3rd and
lower2/3r.
J. A point at the midline of the
posterior border of the right
sternomastoid.
K. A point at the anterior border of
the trapezius, 5cms above the
clavicle.

The line joining 'G', 'T, T, ° and 'K'

is representative of the nerve. dirwmwila
 1. ISTHMUS OF THE THY 0ID
GLAND

It is represented by a point 1.8cms

below the cricoid.

BIFURCATION OF COMMON
CAROTID ARTERYY
****
A point at the anterior border of the
****e*** **
****************s*a sternocleidomastoid at the upper
border of thyroid cartilage.

3. RIGHT LOBE OF THYROID

a. Isthmus is drawm by a broad line
(1.2X1.2 em), 1.2cms below cricoid.

b. A point at the anterior border of

HEAD AND NECK (FRON T right sternocleidomastoid at the
level of thyroid eminence.
 c. A point 1.25cms below the right end
of the isthmus.
d. A point 2.5cms from C
(0) Line joining (b) and upper border of
(a) with concavity medially (anterior
border).

**** Line'joining (b), (d), (c) and lower

***** border of (a) with convexity outward
******* (lateral border and lower pole).

4. FRONTAL AIR SNUS(RIGHD

e. A point at the nasion.
f.1.25cm above point e
A point at the right supra-orbital
9 margin, 2.5 cms lateral to the
nasionn.
& (g) are to be joined to
HEAD AND NECK (FRONT) Points (e), () the sinus.
orm a triangle, representing
 THORAX POINTS
I TIP OF THE 9" COSTAL
CARTILAGE

It is a point where linea

semilunaris
intersects costal margin.

******
LINES
. ****s**

**********
*******

*******ssst
} 1.
*****e
****** ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE
. **

****j*n
LEFT LUNG
A. A point in the neck
***
2.5cms above
the midpoint of medial 1/3rd of
the
*
***

*
**
left clavicle.
B. A point on
the left of the stern0-
******
clavicular joint.
C. A point on the sternal angle very
***
slightly to the left of the midline.
*******
D. A point very slightly to the left of
midline at the level of the 4th
costal cartilage.
 D. A
point very slightly to the left of
THORAX midline at the level of the 4th
stai cartiiage.

E. A point on the left 4th intercostal

space 4cms away from midline.
*** *******

*****
F. A point on the left 6th costal
cartilage 3cms from the midline.
******a*****
************* Line joining °A' to F' represents the
**....**
********* anterior border of the left lung.
***********

****
2. INFERIOR BORDER OF THE
***
LEFT LUNG
. **
**
* ********}
******
F. A point on the left 6th costal
.... cartilage 3cms from the midline.
. ******
****sa**

G. A point on the 6th costal cartilage

*******
in the midclavicular line
H. A point on the
midaxillary line.8h rib in the
 THORAX
3.LINE OF COSTOMEDIASTINAL
PLEURALREFLECTION (RIGHT
A. A point in the
neck 2.5cms
**** above mid-point of medial 1/3rd
******
B .A point at the right sterno-
******** clavicular joint.
***s
******as C. A point on the sternal
angle very
*****ee
*** slightly to the right of midline.
***
*** **

D. A point very slightly to the

right
...* as******* ***
***
of the midline at the level of
4th costal cartilage.
the

e****
***** E. A point at the xiphi-sternal
to the right of the midline.
joint
..
******o

********
Points 'Á',
by a line to
'B'',', & È arejoined
represent the line of
**** pleural reflection.
***********
 THORAX
4. ARCH OF THE AORTA
J. A point at the right end of the
sternal angle.

*** K. A point at the middle of the

****. manubrium sternii.
************
L. A point at the left end of the sternal
.. ***
angle.
***
******
*****ee?
**********

Line joining J , 'K &L represents

***
the outer convex
border of the arch of
****** aorta. Inner concave border is
represented by a vertical line
below the highest point of the2.5cms
arch
(due to the obliquity of the arch).
******

5. SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

. ****** M. A point on the right 1st sterno--
********
costal junction, which lies midway
between right 2nd sterno-costal
oint. and right sternoclavicular joint.
 J. A point at the right end of the
THORAX sternal angle.
N. A point on the right 3rd sterno
costal junction.
Two lines to be drawn, 2cms apart
with slight convexity towards the
right, one line lies on the sternum,
the other on the costal cartilages.

****

6. TRACHEAA
******

. ****.**

*******
****m*
***

*******
*
0. A point at the lower border of
the ericoid cartilage.
P. A point at the sternal angle.
*****ee? ***

****ojo***** 7 LEFT BORDER_OF HEART

*****

****

Q. A point at the lower border of thhe

******
left 2nd
costal cartilage 2.5cms
away from the midline.

R. A point in the left 5th

e**** intercostal
space, 9cms away from the midline.
******
***~**o*
******* The line joining Q, & °R with upper
****** part oblique and lower part
****
****
convex to the left. abruptly
 ***
PUINTS

.
*******
*********.

1. CARDIAC ORIFICE
*****
********ass
A point on the left 7th costal cartilage,
******* ****.****
*****.
2.5cm away from the midline.

*****
* 2. PYLORIC ORIFICE

F
*******

A point on the transpyloric plane,

**** 1.25cm to the right of the midline.

3. FUNDUS OF GALL BLADDER

A point just below the junction of
lateral border of rectus abdominis
(linea semilunaris)with 9h costal
cartilage on the right side.

4. ILEO-CAECAL ORIFICE
Points of junction of
transtubercular plane and right
lateral plane.

5. APPENDICULAR ORIFICE
A point on the right lateral plane
lnecartilage 2em below the ileo-caecal orifice.
 ****
*******a
*********"
6. McBURNEY'S POINT
A point at the
******* junction of the
********n lateral 1/3rd and medial 2/3rd of
**.**** *******.****
** the right spino-umbilical
*********..
line.
**** 7. ORIGIN OF
** COELIAC TRUNK
******
A point
1.25cm above
pyloric plane slightly tothe trans-
the midline. the left of

8. ORIGIN OF
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC ARTERY
A point on the
transpyloric plane
slightly to the left of the
midline.
9. DUODENOJEJUNAL
FLEXURE
A point 2.5cm to the left of the
midline, 1.25cm below the the
transpylorie plane. the
10. HILA OF THE
KIDNEYS
Right hilum is below and
left
hilum is above the transpyloric
l cartilage plane, 5em lateral to
ne midline.
 ****
************
"
LINES
*********

au
*******
I. LESSERCURVATURE OF STOMACH
**.*****
**
1**
**********sn
************,
Cardiac orifice is drawn by two lines

***** . *****
2em apart directed downwards and
slightly to the left (Point i).
Pylorie orifice is drawn by two lines
direeted upwards and slightly to the
right (Point
. ****
Inner
2).
borders of the two are joincd in
aJ-shaped line.
**
.
2. FUNDUS OF THE STOMACH
Cardiac orifice is drawn
. A
point in the lef 5th intercostal space
9em away from the midline ( cardiac
apex).

b. A point at the junction of the tips

between the left 9 & 10th costal
cartilages.
Let nargin of the cardiae orifice is to
be
joined with b' by a curved line &
of the line passing through 'a'. summit
this line above an inmaginary Part of
plane extending from the cardie horizontal
orific,
represents the fundus of the stomuch

al cartilage
ne.
 *******n
*** 3. SUPERIOR BORDEP F LIVER
}
*******.s
**
**
A point on the right a intercostal
.
********* A.

********sna
space 10cm away fro. the midline
***..***
1*****
*** *********** A point at the xiphi-sternal joint.
***.
C. A point in the left 5th intercostal
space 9cm to the left of the midline
********* (cadiac apex)

**
****
These points to be joined by a line with
convexity upwards and a shallow depression
at B. Convexity between A' & B should
extend higher up than between B' &C.
**
4. INFERIOR BORDER OF LIVER

C. A point on the cardiae apex

D. A point on the left 8th rib

E. A point in the midline 2.5cm above the

trans-pylorie plane.
F. A point at the fundus of the gall
bladder
10th
G. A point 1.25cm below the right
costal cartilage.
a line with
These points are to be joined by
with a
al cartilage, convexity slightly downwards,
ne. notching at F.
 ***
**********
*********

*******
n *****

********ae
***
***
*****
** **
******
***********

******

. ****
5. ROOT OF THE MESENTERY

A point at the duodeno-jejunal flexure.

**
A point at the ileo-caecal orifice.

These two points needs to be joined by two

lines with gentle convexity towards the left.

al cartilage
ne
 BACK
. ACROMIANANGLE 2. SEVENTIH CERVICAL SPINE
Spine of the seapula is to be felt, Iisthe fint bony prominenees
running the finger laterally. The deved to maae ad
Oce lexed to make it prominent.
betne is the angle.

O
1. ACROMIAN ANGLE
On
On Spine of the scapula is to be felt,
OT running he finger laterally. The
O bend is the angle.
07

O
O
O
O
On

UMBAR SPNE O 5 KIDNEY FROM

midline on the back
of the highest point Ou Morris parallclogram
erest ie, in he by the following poimt
lane.

BORDER OF THE
O A& are twe p

O AD
oems
are two peim
awy peeti
midline at the level e
the lett
hesib
ne.
in
Aidne is to be draw
the
ievel ef
level
sto
pine.
the let of the
O of La pine. dirt
&Tepresents the
of the lett lung

O
Os
 BACK
L.ACRONIANANGLE 2. SEVENTIH CERVICAL sPINE
e prominenee
Spine of the seapula is to be felt, int bony
unnng the tinger laterally. 1he lexed to make promine
it
bend is the angle Oc
O
On
OT
OT
O
UT
O7
O 2.SEVENTH CERVICAL SPINE
O It is the first bony prominence
O below the nuchal furrow. Head is
O flexed to make it prominent.
UMBAR SPINE On
IDNEY FROM T
midline on the back
of the
erest
highest point
i.e, in the Merris paraliclogram 3
by the folowing point
lane.

BORDER OF THE
O & are twe p
midline at the level.

O AD are two
socmsaway mpoctive
midline at the leve ef
pn
he 8
ne
rib in the left
O Kidnes is to be d
parallelcram the
sto
pine
the let of the
O La
level of pine. diret
presents the
of the let lung
O
.0s
 BACK
L.ACROMLANANGLE
Spine of the seapula is to be felt,
2. SEVENTH CERVICAL SPINE
below thef t prominenece
3. FOURH UMBAR SPINE
running the tinger laterally. The
bend is the angle. Oc dexed to make it prominent.

Oc
A point in the midline on the back
On
OT at the level of the highest po.nt
OT of the iliac crest i.e, in the
0 transcristal plane.

UT

O
O 4. INFERIOR BORDER OF THE
O LEFT LUNG
O
O
UMBAR SPINE
midline on the back
KIDNEY FROM T H. A point on the 8TH rib in the left
of the i.e,highest
erest
lane.
point
in the Merris paraliclogram
by the fellow ing pi midaxillary line.
BORDER OF THE
O A& are twe pein
midline at the level

rib in the left

AD are two Peimt
socmsaway eprt
midline at the level ed I. A point 2.55cms to the left of the
he 8
ne Kidnes is to be
nara
ievel ef La
c
direte
10th thoracic spine.
sto
pine.
the let of the
O spine.

&T represents the

of
the left lung.
OOs Line joining H' & T represents the
inferior border of the left lung.
.osJ
 BACK
. ACROMIANANGLE 2. SEVENTII CERVICAL SPINE
Spine of the seapula is to be felt,
It is the fint bony prominenee
running the tinger laterally. The
bend isthe angle
Ocs urwto
theved make it prominent.
tead is

O
On
On 5. KIDNEY FROM THE BACK
OT
O Morris parallelogram is to be drawn
07 by the following points.
T
A' & B
are two points 2.5cms and
O 10cms away respectively, from the
o midline at the level of T11 spine.
O
On
C & D' are two points 2.5cms and
10ems away respectively, from the
UNMBAR SPINE O
midline on the back 5 KIDNEY FROM
I
epont
e,
iane.
in the Ou Morris paralielogram
poin
by the following midline at the level of L3 spine.
BORDER OF THE
O A&are twe poins
midline at the leee

Ou Aare
ocms two

midline at the level

p Kidney is to be drawn inside the above
he
ne
&rib in the left
Kidney is to e dra
parallelogram with the 1
parallelogram with the hilum at the
te
pine
the lett of the level ef La pine. dinte
level of Li spine, directed medially.
&Ttheepresents the
of lett lung.
O
 POINTS
1. TIP OF MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
Tracing the anterior border ofthe tibiaa
downwards, it is the lowest point on the
medial malloelus.

Deep peroneal nerve lies lateral to the

2. TIP OF LATERAL
anterior tibial artery throughout the leg.
except in the middle third where the MALLEOLUS
nerve lies in front of the artery

A point on the lowest point on the

lateral malleolus.

3. TUBEROSITY OF THE
NAVICULAR

A point 2.5cm below and in front

of
the medial malleolus.
 LINES

1.ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY RIGHT)

a. A point 2.5em below the medial side
of
the head of the right fibula.
b. Midpoint between the two malleoli-
point must be lateral to the tendon of
the extensor hallucis longus.
Points 'a' &b are to bejoined by a line.
Deep peroneal nerve lies lateral to the
anterior tibial artery throughout the leg,
except in the middle third where the
2. DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY (RO
nerve lies in front of the artery
b. Midpoint between two malleoli.
c. Apoint at the base of the first metatarsal
space.
a
Points 'b'&'e arejoined by straight line.

3.DEEP PERONEAL NERVE (RO

b. Midpoint between two malleoli.
the
d. A point on the lateral surface of
neck of the right fibula.
joined by a line,
The points 'b'&d'are to be of the nerve.
which will represent the course
POINT
1. ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE
The thigh is abducted and laterally
rotated with knee and hip slightly lexed.
The tendon of adductor nmagnus is to be
followed downwards to feel the tubercle
a little above the medial condyle of the
femur

LINES
1. POPLITEAL ARTERY
a) A point 2.5ems medial to the midpoint of
the transverse line on the back of the
thigh at the junction of upper 2/3rt and
lower 1/3.

b) A point at the middle of the back of the

knee
e) Midpoint of the transverse line on the
leg at the level of the neck of the fibula.
(b) and (c) are joined
(a), by a line passin
downward and laterally.
2.POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
)A point at the end of thepopliteal
artery.

d) Mid-point between the medial and

lateral malleolus
()&(d) are to be joined by a single line.

3.TIBIAL NERVE
á) Midpoint of the line on the back of the
thigh at the junction of upper 2/3rd and
lower 1/3rd

c)A point at the middle of the line at the

back of tibial tuberosity.
d) Point of the end of the posterior tibial
artery.

(á), (c)& (d) are joined to draw the nerve.

4.COMMON PERONEAL NERVE

á) Beginning of the tibial nerve.

)A point at the lateral side of the neck

of the fibula.
(á) &(é) are joined by a ine along the
medial border of the biceps femoris.
 POINTS
1. PISIFORM BONE

On the medial end of th dSe of

the hypothenar emine

SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 2. TIP OF CORACOID PROCESs

(FRONT)
A point 2.5cms below the junction
of lateral 1/4th & medial 3/4th of
the clavicle.

3. TERMINATION OF THE
BRACHIAL ARTERY &
4. BEGINNING OF THE
RADIAL ARTERY

A point 1.25cms below the bend

of the elbow. The point must be
on the medial side of the tendon
of the biceps brachii.
 LINES

1. AXILLARY ARTERY
A. A point at the lower border of the
middle of the clavicle.
B. Apoint on the medial side of the
arm at the junction of anterior
2/3rds & posterior 1/3rds of the
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY line.ning the distai ends of the
(FRONT) anterior& posterior axillary folds.
The point is behind the elevation
of the coracobrachialis, where the
pulsation of the artery is felt.
[ARM AT RIGHT ANGLE TO BODY]

The line joining 'A' &°B represents

the artery.

ARTERY IN THE
2. RADLAL
FOREARM

C. A point at the beginning of the

radial artery.
 D. A point in front of the wristbetween
the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
and the styloid process of radius
where the pulsation is felt.

E. A point in the scaphoid fossa.

(Aantomical Snuff Boxj

Linej ining 'C' to E' represents the

radiai artery in the forearm.
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY
(FRONT) 3.ULNAR ARTERY IN FOREARM
C. A point at the bifurcation of the
brachial artery.

C. A point on the medial part of the

forearm, at the junction of upper
1/3rds with lower 2/3rds of the
line drawn from the base of the
medial epicondyle to the styloid

. process of the ulna.

A point just lateral to pisiform.

Points 'C,É, V'arejoined by a line
to represent the artery.
 4. BRACHIAL ARTERY

It is represented by a line joining

point of end of axillary artery &
beginning of radial artery, line
passing along the medial border
of bi eps brachii tendon.
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY
(FRONT)
5. SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH
D. Apoint just lateral to pisiform.
E. A point at
the hook of hamate.
(2.5cms below the pisiform along
the medial border of the ringfinger)

F.A point at the middle of thenar

eminence.
The points are to be joined by a convex
line, the distal end of the
line extending
upto the level of distal border of the
extended thumb.
 6. ULNAR NERVE IN FOREARM
SUPERIOR EXTREMIT
(FRONT) B. A point at the lower border of
the cricoid cartilage.

D. A point just lateral to pisiform.

Line joining 'B '& D' represents the

nerve.
POINTS
1. HEAD OF THE RADIUS

It is felt at the bottom of the

depression on the upper part of the
back of the pronated and extended
forearm.

2. HEAD OF THE ULNA

The wrist is flexed and forearm is

pronated to make the head of ulna
prominent at the postero -

medial
aspect of the wrist.

3-4. STYLOID PROCESSES OF

RADIUS, AND ULNA
They are felt by passing ingers
upwards along the Tateral and
medial borders of the flexed wrist
with the forearm pronated. Former
is 1.25cms distal to the later.
LINES

1.RADIAL NERVE IN THE ARM

B. A point at the beginning of the
brachial artery.

ÁA point on the laterai border of

the arm at the junction of upper
1/3rds & lower 2/3rds of the line,
joining the insertion of the deltoid
with lateral epicondyle.

The two points are jeined to draw the

radial nerve at the back of the arm.

The line is to be extended along the

lateral border of the biceps brachii
upto a point in front of the elbow,
1.25 cms lateral to the sanietendon
I NERVE IN THE FRONT OF ARM]
EcONSULT
Trachea
Spinous Process

Carina
Clavicle
Aortic Knob
Right Hilum
&Pulmonary LeftHilum
Artery &Pulmonary
Artery

Right
Atrium
Left
Ventricle

Costocardiac
Angle
Right Left
Hemidiaphragm Hemidiaphragm
Breast
Shadow

Costophrenic Angle
 Sacroiliac Joint

Crest of Ilium -
5th Lumber Vertebrae
Ilium Posterior Inferior Spine

Greater Sciatic Notch

Anterior Superior
Iliac spine Acetabulum
Sacrum
Anterior inferior Femoral Head
Iliac Spine
Femoral Neck
Intertrochanteric
Crest
Superior Ramus of Pubis Greater
Obturator Foramen Trochanter

Ischial Tuberosity - Lesser Trochanter

R wiki Symphysis Pubis Fovea

Femur
 L
wiki

Distal Distal Phalanx

Interphalangeal
Joint
- Middle Phalanx
Proximal Phalanges
Interphalangeal
Joint
- Proximal Phalanx

Metacarpo-
phalangeal
Joint

Metacarpals

Hamate Trapezoid
Capitate. Trapezium
Triquetrium
Pisiformn Scaphoid Carpals
Lunate Radial Styloid
Ulna Styloid
, ProcesS
ProcesS
Ulna Radius
 1st Rib Superior Angle Scapula
Superior Border Sca pula
Acromioclavicular Joint
Acromion Process L wiki
Head of Humerus
Clavicle
Anatomical Neck
Greater Tubercle
Intertubercular
Groove
Lesser Tubercle
Coracoid Process Surgical Neck
Sternoclavicutar
Joint
Glenoid Fossa
Medial Border
Scapula
Lateral Border Scapula

Humerus
Inferior Angle Scapula
 TJBIA

NAVICULAR
TALUS
88
FIBULA
PHALANGE

CUBOID
FX
SESAMOID
TUB OF THE V METATARSAL
CALCANEOUS
 sesamoid
bones

1st
Cuneiform

navicular
cuboid
talus
calcaneum

tibia
 femur

patella

lateral
condyle medial
Condyle
head intertrochanteric
fibula eminence
tibia
neck
fibula
 17:00

Femur

Medial
Lateral Epicondyle
Epicondyle Patella
Intercondylar
Notch
Lateral Femoral
Condyle Medial Femoral
Condyle
Lateral Tibial Medial Tibial
Condyle Condyle
Intercondylar
Eminence
Head of
Fibula
Tibia

Fibula

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O
 A

Medial epicondyle

Capitulum

Humeral
B epicondyie
Trochleaa Radial Head

Lateral
Radial head epicondyle
owesaonnnononenen

Coronoid
process
Olecranon process
Frame A: AP elbow
Frame B: Lateral elbow
mage courtesy of Or. Naveed Ahmad
 Spleen
Liver

Stomach
Right Left
kidney kidney

Psoas muscle

Small
intestine
Ascending Descending
colon colon

Rectum LEFT
 Trachea

Hyaline cartilage

1) mucous membrane s lined

by pseudostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium with
numerous goblet cells
o 2) p/o glands in submucosa,
incomplete ring of hyaline
cartilage & fibromuscular
tissue connecting ends of
cartilaginous ring
 Lungs

Alveoli

1)p/o intercommunicating alveoli lined by simple sq. epithelium

2) p/o sections of diff. generations of bronchi & bronchioles&
blood vessels
 Tongue

1) p/o diff. papilla (ant. 2/3rd) & taste buds occupying full thickness of
non-keratinised stratified sq. epithelium
2) made up of irregularly arranged bundles of skeletal muscle fibres
 Esophagus

Stratified sq. non-

keratinised
epithelium

1) p/o 4layers of GIT i.e., mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

externa & adventitia (inside outwards)
2) p/o numerous mucosal folds lined by non-keratinised str. sq.
epithelium
3) p/o tubulo-acinar type of seromucous glands in submucosa
 Stomach

1) p/o 4 layers of GIT i.e.,mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

externa & serosa (inside outwards)
2) mucous membrane containing gastric pits is lined by simple
columnar epithelium
3) p/o numerous tubular glands in lamina propria
 Duodenum
Muscularis
externa
Submucosa with
Brunner's glands

Mucosa

1) p/o 4 layers of GIT i.e., mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa &

serosa (inside outwards)
2) p/o villi on mucous membrane lined by simple columnar epithelium
3) p/o mucous secreting Brunner's glands in submucosa
 Large Intestine

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa &

1) p/o 4 layers of GIT i.e.,
serosa (inside outwards)
2) p/o numerous mucosal folds lined by simple columnar epithelium
with numerous goblet cells
3) villi absent
 Liver

Central vein

1) p/o hepatic lobules made up of cords of liver cells arranged in a

radiating manner around a central vein
2) p/o portal triad ( branch of portal vein, branch of hepatic artery & bile
ductule)
 Kidney

Bowman's
capsule
Glomerulus

1) p/oouter cortex with renal corpuscles & PCT & DCT

2) p/o inner medulla with renal tubules & CD
 Ureter

Transitional
epithelium

1) tubular structure with star-shaped lumen

2) p/o 3 layers in the wall i.e., mucous coat, muscularis propria &
adventitial coat (inside outwards)
3) p/o transitional epithelium, inner longi. & outer circular muscles
 Urinary Bladder

Lamina
propria

Transitional
epithelium
smooth
muscle

1) p/o 3 layers i.e., mucous coat, muscularis propria & serosa

(inside outwards)
2) p/o transitional epithelium & indistinguishable 3 layers of
smooth muscles (inner & outer longi. & middle circular)
 Spinal Cord

Motor neuron

1) p/o outer white matter (containing nerve fibres) & inner grey matter
(with club shaped short ventral & narrow tapering dorsal horns)
2) p/o central canal lined by single layer ependymal cells
 Cerebellum

Molecular
layer
Purkinje cell
Granular layer
layer

1) p/o outer grey matter (cortex) dividing into 3 zones i.e., granular layer,
purkinje cell layer & molecular layer (inside outwards)
2) inner white matter (medulla) contains axons of myelinated nerve fibres &
deep cerebellar nuclei
 Testis

Leydig
cells

Seminiferous
tubules

1) p/o seminiferous tubules with diff. generations of

spermatogonic cells & sertoli cells
2) p/o Leydig cells in the interstitium
 Prostate

Fibromuscular
Glandular stroma
follicles

1) p/ofibro-musculo-glandular stroma
2) p/o numerous crenated glandular follicles with corpora amylacea in its
lumen
 Ovary

1) p/o peripheral cortex containing no. of ovarian follicles at diff. stages of

development
2) p/o inner medulla with blood vessels, nerves & connective tissue cells
3) surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
 Uterine Tube
Ciliated simple
columnar epithelium

Inner circular Lumen

muscle

1) p/o 3 layers in wall i.e., mucosa, muscular coat & serosa (inside
outwards)
2) mucous membrane is highly folded lined by ciliated simple columnar
epithelium; p/o outer longi. & inner circular muscles
 Uterus

Simple tubular
glands

1) p/o 3 layers i.e., mucosa(endo), muscle(myo) & serosa(peri) (inside

outwards)
2) endometrium lined by simple columnar epi. & p/o simple tubular glands in
lamina propria
 Thyroid

Follicle
filled
with
colloid

1) p/o follicles containing eosinophilic colloid material within its lumen

2) p/o parafollicular C cells b/w follicular cells & in stroma
 TS
UDENT
KARS
UN
ROKSU

Edu
Sodf