MONTE INTERNATIONAL

(QUIZ WHIZZERS)
S.No Theme Topics
Idiomatic expressions
Phrasal Verbs
1 Vocabulary One word Substitutions
Action Verbs
Pronunciation
Sounds of Vowels & Consonants (44)

Tenses
2 Grammar Simple/Complex/Compound sentences
Reported Speech
Synthesis of Sentences
Correction of Sentences
Top 20 Indian Authors & their books
Mahatmagandhi Kiran Desai
R.K.Narayan Mulkraj Anand
Rohinton Mystry Vikramchandra
SalmanRushdie SukhetuMehta
3 Literature Jumpalahari Rabindranath Tagore
Vikramseth Mithra Phukan
ArundhatiRoy Kushwanth Singh
Amitav Gosh Nayantara Sahgal
Anitha Desai Sunethra Gupta
A.K.Ramanujan Niradh C. Choudari
Sudhamurthy Chetanbhagath

Figurative Language
(20 Important Poetic Devices)
Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, Rhyme, Assonance,
Consonance, Symbolism, Repetition, Oxymoron, Rhythm,
4 Creative Writing/Speaking Allusion, Irony, Synecdoche, Ambiguity, Analogy,
Connotation, Contrast, Apostrophe, Metaphor, Pun,
hyperbole
Picture Description
Observe and describe given contextual pictures
Picture Inferences
Give inferences to Contextual pictures
 CONTENT
1. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

1. A hard nut to crack

Explanation : usually a person who is very difficult to deal with

Example : I gave my best to be friendly with her, but she is simply a hard nut to crack.

2. All ears

Explanation : very concentrated or keen to listen to the other person who has your full attention.

Example : Children are all ears when the teacher tells them fairytales.

3. A picture is worth a thousand words

Explanation : It’s better to show than to tell; illustration conveys a stronger message than words.

Example : Such a beautiful portrait of a little girl represents how a picture is worth a thousand words.

4. A piece of cake

Explanation : something easily done, simple task, or work.

Example : Anne said the test would be difficult, but it was a piece of cake. I’ll pass with no problem at
all.

5. Better late than never

Explanation : It’s better to arrive late than not to come at all.

Example : We’ve been waiting for you for three hours, but better late than never.

6. Born with a silver spoon in mouth

Explanation : Someone who is born in a very wealthy family.

Example : He does not need this job as much as I do; he is born with a silver spoon in his mouth.

7. Bread and butter

Explanation : earnings of a person; indicate when a person earns for a living.

Example : You have to earn your own bread and butter.

8. Break the ice

Explanation : to try to become friends with someone; to make a start of something.

Example : It’s always easiest to break the ice after I’ve had a few drinks.

9. Break a leg

Explanation : Good luck, best wishes.

Example : You have a test tomorrow? Break a leg!

10. Can judge a book by its cover

Explanation : you can’t judge something just by its appearance.

Example : The candidate doesn’t look very promising, but you can't judge a book by its cover.

11. Chasing rainbows

Explanation : to follow your dreams, trying to do something that can’t be achieved.

Example : I understand you want to be a famous singer, but don’t chase rainbows. You are not a good
singer!

12. Cool as a cucumber

Explanation : to be very calm and relaxed

Example : How could the murderer be as cool as a cucumber after doing such serious crimes?

13. Costs an arm and a leg

Explanation : when something costs too much money, it’s way too expensive.

Example : The show is excellent, but the tickets cost an arm and a leg.

14. Cry over spilled milk

Explanation : to be upset about something that is already done or a mistake that can’t be changed.

Example : It’s no use crying over spilled milk. It was a bad investment.

15. Draw a longbow

Explanation : to exaggerate, to lie.

Example : Anne is drawing a longbow. Do you believe her at all?

16. Easier said than done

Explanation : not as easy to do as it seems harder than you think.

Example : It's a lot tougher than that. It's one of those things that are easier said than done.

17. Eat like a bird

Explanation : to eat very little.

Example : Look at you! You have to eat more. You are eating like a bird.

18. Feeling under the weather

Explanation : to feel ill, sick, having a hangover.

Example : I have my final test, but I’m feeling under the weather. I think I have a fever.

19. Find your feet

Explanation : become confident in what you are doing, or familiar with some new situation or experience.

Example : I'm new to this city, so I'm still finding my feet.

20. Food for thought

Explanation : an idea to think about; think about things that can arise from an event or situation.

Example : My daughter has given me some food for thought about how she organizes her toys.

21. Forty winks

Explanation : sleep a while mainly during the day; take a nap.

Example : My dad always likes to catch forty winks after lunch.

22. Give a shot

Explanation : to try something you are not quite familiar with.

Example : I’m not prepared for my exam today. I will give it a shot.

23. Go cold turkey

Explanation : to suddenly stop or quit some bad or addictive behavior, like stop smoking.

Example : He had been trying to quit smoking for a year but couldn't, so he decided to go cold turkey.

24. Hit the hay/sack

Explanation : when someone is really tired and wants to go to sleep.

Example : Sorry guys, I have to hit the hay now!

25. Hold one’s peace.

Explanation : be silent.

Example : Just hold your peace if you don’t have anything smart to say.

26. it’s not rocket science

Explanation : It’s not difficult; it’s not complicated.

Example : Driving a car isn’t rocket science. I don’t understand why people don’t drive better.

27. Keep your chin up

Explanation : be brave and courageous in a tough situation.

Example : Don't let the difficulties intimidate you; keep your chin up.

28. Kill two birds with one stone.

Explanation : accomplish two different things, jobs, or actions; solve problems at the same time.

Example : Cycling to work kills two birds with one stone. It saves money and gives you some exercise.

29. Lose your marbles

Explanation : to go crazy, insane.

Example : I’ve been so bad lately that I thought I’m losing my marbles.

30. Make ends meet.

Explanation : make enough money to survive, to manage expenses.

Example : We need to start saving money in order to make ends meet.

31. Make a long story short

Explanation : Tell something briefly.

32. Never in a million years

Explanation : Absolutely never.

Example : Never in a million years would I think to fall in love with him.

33. On cloud nine

Explanation : to be extremely happy or cheerful.

Example : Susan is on cloud nine since she got married.

34. Once in a blue moon

Explanation : something happens very rarely, once after a very long time.

Example : I don’t know why she bought that music system. She uses it once in a blue moon.

35. Out of the woods

Explanation : the hardest part of something is over, but the situation isn’t still good.

Example : The surgery went well, but he’s not out of the woods yet.

36. Penny for your thoughts

Explanation : a way of asking someone else’s thoughts.

Example : You seem so serious. A penny for your thoughts.

37. Pull someone’s leg

Explanation : To joke with someone, to trick someone in a humorous way

Example : I think he was just pulling your leg when he said you’ve fallen in the exam.

38. Rain cats and dogs

Explanation : rain heavily, tremendously.

Example : It’s raining cats and dogs when the Monsoon comes.
39. Speak of the devil

Explanation : The person we were talking about showed up.

Example : Did you hear what happened to Anne yesterday? Oh, speak of the devil, there she is.

40. Square peg in a round hole

Explanation : When a person doesn’t fit into society when you find in a surrounding that doesn’t suit you.

Example : That lifestyle really doesn't suit Sally at all; she's like a square peg in a round hole.

41. Takes two to tango.

Explanation : Specific actions can’t be performed alone; it takes two persons to participate; both persons
are responsible for an action.

Example : If you want to play that game, you need a partner who plays with you. It takes two to
tango.

42. That’s the last straw

Explanation : Someone’s patience has run out, to be the latest in a sequence of unpleasant things that
can’t be accepted.

Example : I’m not going to wait for the last straw. I’ll do something about the problem much sooner
than you.

43. To cut corners

Explanation : to do something in an easy and very cheap way; to reduce time, money, expenses.

Example : My mom often had to cut corners when we were kids to feed all of us.

44. To go Dutch

Explanation : When everyone pays his bill.

Example : Last night we had a date, but we went Dutch because I’ve paid for my coffee and he paid
his.

45. To have sticky fingers

Explanation : to be a thief.

Example : The manager fired his employee because he had sticky fingers. He stole 100$.
46. To sit tight

Explanation : wait patiently and take no action; stay where you are.

Example : Just relax and sit tight; we'll solve the problem for you.

47. Up in the air

Explanation : unresolved, undecided about something; full of doubt.

Example : I am not sure what the plans are. Everything was up in the air when I last spoke to him
about it.

48. What goes around, comes around.

Explanation : how you treat and behave to others will eventually come to you, too.

Example : All of his life, he treated his family with no respect, and now his son is doing the same to
him. What goes around, comes around.

49. When pigs fly

Explanation : something that will never happen or highly unlikely to happen.

Example : He plans to clean his house every week, but he will probably do it only when pigs fly.

50. Zip your lip

Explanation : To remain a secret or silent.

Example : I’ll tell you a secret about Marry, but zip your lip about it!
2. PHRASAL VERBS

To stop doing something or admit you were wrong because people oppose you
1. Back down
If we keep protesting the new city taxes, the mayor will back down.

To explode
That truck crashed into the building and blew up!
2. Blow up
To lose your temper
He was annoying me so much that I blew up at him.

To suddenly stop functioning (used for machinery)

3. Break down We were on our way to the party when our car broke down. To become emotional and start cryin
When we told her we were moving to Canada, she broke down.

To mention something
4. Bring up
He’s still very sad about his divorce, so don’t bring it up.

To see or meet someone unexpectedly

5. Bump into
She was shopping today and she bumped into her old primary school teacher!

To cancel
6. Call off
Because of the pandemic, we had to call off our wedding.

To make sure someone is okay or safe

7. Check on
My friend broke her leg and she’s stuck inside. I check on her every day.

To examine something to get information about it

Before we decide on that flat, we should check out the neighbourhood.
8. Check out
To pay your bill and leave (usually a hotel)
Have you packed yet? We have to check out by 11 a.m.

To ask someone if something is okay or permitted

9. Check with
I’m pretty sure I can come to your house. I just have to check with my dad.

10. Come across To find something unexpectedly

When I was cleaning my room, I came across my old photo album.
 To seem a certain way
I’m sure he’s great, but he always comes across as an unfriendly person.

To return
11. Come back
We had a lovely visit. We’ll come back soon!

To enter
12. Come in
You don’t need to knock – just come in!

To think of a plan or an idea

13. Come up with
Have you come up with a good idea for our group project?

To make something fall by cutting it at its base

To build this housing complex, they had to cut down hundreds of trees.
14. Cut down
To do or use something less
I’m feeling rather nervous lately – I think I need to cut down on coffee.

To go somewhere (usually someone’s home) for a casual visit

15. Drop by
I’ll be home all day. You can drop by for tea whenever you’re free.

To take something or someone to a specific place

16. Drop off
You forgot your jacket in my car. I’ll drop it off at your house later.

To become less strict about something

17. Ease up on
When I was younger, my mom didn’t let me see my friends on weeknights, but she’s eased up on

To break into pieces

I think I finally need to get new shoes – these ones are falling apart.
18. Fall apart
To stop working well due to many problems
When they couldn’t agree on a fair price, the business deal fell apart.

To collapse and fall to the ground

19. Fall down
That big storm last night caused the old tree in our garden to fall down.
 To discover
20. Find out
I did a DNA test and found out that I have a brother!

To have a good, friendly relationship with someone

21. Get along
My brother and I never fought when we were growing up. We always got along with each other.

To escape
The police almost caught the bank robber, but he got away.
22. Get away
To go on holiday
I really need to get away for a week. Work has been very stressful lately.

To be able to live through a difficult situation

23. Get by
We don’t have a lot of money for food, but we’ll get by.

To recover from a negative experience or an illness

24. Get over
I know she’s mad at you now, but she’ll get over it.

To stand
Can you please get up? I think you’re sitting on my glasses.
25. Get up
To leave your bed in the morning/after sleeping
I always get up at 7 a.m. – even on Saturdays.

To give something to others for free

None of these dresses fit me anymore. I think I’m going to give them away.
26. Give away
To provide information about something that should be kept secret
This farewell party is supposed to be a surprise. Don’t give away the secret!

To finally agree to someone’s requests after refusing for a while

27. Give in
Our kids have been asking us for a puppy for six months. We finally gave in and got them one.

To stop doing something permanently

My health is getting worse. I need to give up drinking.
28. Give up
To stop trying
We’ve been working on this maths problem for an hour. I give up!
 To start or continue a planned activity
29. Go ahead
Despite the social distancing rules, the music festival will go ahead.

To leave home and go somewhere

We’ve stayed home for months! I just want to go out and have fun.
30. Go out
To have a romantic (dating) relationship with someone
My girlfriend and I have been going out two years now.

To develop into adulthood

31. Grow up
When I grow up, I want to be a biologist.

To wait for a short period of time

Can you hang on for two minutes? I just need to finish writing this email, then I’ll be ready to go.
32. Hang on
To hold something tightly
This boat ride will be a little bumpy – hang on!

To spend time relaxing or socialising casually

33. Hang out
My favourite thing to do at the weekend is to hang out with my dog.

To forcefully tell someone to leave a place

34. Kick out
She was so angry at her teenage son that she kicked him out of the house!

To allow someone to enter a place

35. Let in
Let me in the house! It’s freezing out here!

To take care of something or someone

36. Look after
Can you look after my plants while I’m on holiday next month?

To try to find something

37. Look for
We’ll leave in a minute. Help me look for my keys!

To search for information (usually in a book or online)

38. Look up
I want to try that new Japanese restaurant. Can you look up their menu online?
 To become friendly with someone again or forgive them after a disagreement or fight
39. Make up
You two haven’t spoken to each other in three weeks! When are you going to make up?

To repay the money you borrowed from someone

Can I borrow some money for lunch? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
40. Pay back
To take revenge
I can’t believe she ate all the biscuits I made! I’ll pay her back for this!

To lift something from a surface

My dog has got so big! He’s too heavy for me to pick up now.
To go somewhere and collect something or someone
41. Pick up
Let’s go to the cinema in one car – I’ll pick you up at 8 o’clock.
To improve or increase
Business was slow last year, but sales are finally picking up!

To delay doing something

42. Put off
I know I should clean my bathroom, but I’ve been putting it off for weeks.

To begin wearing something

43. Put on
If you want to play outside in the snow, make sure to put on a coat.

To tolerate something
44. Put up with
The neighbour’s dog barks all night long, but I put up with it because I love my house.

To have no more of something

45. Run out
Oh, no! Why didn’t you tell me we ran out of coffee?

To leave somewhere suddenly

He didn’t even say goodbye. He just took off!
To go into the air (used for aircraft)
46. Take off
Our flight is taking off at 2 p.m. so we need to be at the airport by 11 a.m.
To remove something (like an article of clothing)
I can’t wait to get home and take off these tight shoes!

To cause something to start working; to activate

47. Turn on
It’s getting dark; let’s turn on the lights.
 To increase the volume, heat, or lights
This is my favourite song! Turn it up!
48. Turn up
To appear suddenly
Would you believe our cat turned up after being lost for six months?

To stay awake because you are waiting for something or someone

49. Wait up
I’ll be home late tonight. You don’t have to wait up for me.

To be careful of danger (usually said as a warning)

50. Watch out
Watch out! There’s a car coming!

3. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS

One word substitution is a topic that has many categories under which the ‘replacements’ fall. So, let’s
glance over all of them!

Fears and Phobias:

Phrase One word

An extreme or irrational fear of heights Acrophobia

An irrational fear of fresh air or drafts of air Aerophobia

Fear of being egoistical, alone or isolated Autophobia

Phobia of pain Algophobia

An emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose Anorexia

weight by refusing to eat

Phobia of open places Agoraphobia

A persistent fear of depths Bathophobia

Fear or hatred of Books Bibliophobia

Fear of time Chronophobia

Fear of Dogs Cynophobia

Fear of Women Gynephobia

Fear of Knowledge Gnosiophobia

Fear of marriage, or getting in a relationship Gamophobia

 An intense fear of Travelling Hodophobia

Fear of Diseases Haemetophobia

Fear of Words Logophobia

An extreme fear of night or Dark Nyctophobia

Fear of Medication Pharmacophobia

Fear of Death Thanatophobia

Studies and Languages:

Phrase One word

The study of ancient things Archaeology

The study of plants Botany

The study of animals Zoology

The study of the environment Biology

The study of a body Physiology

The study of mankind Anthropology

The study of human behaviour Psychology

The study of female reproductive organs Gynaecology

The study of the mental structure of children Pediatry

The study of the physical structure of children Pediatrics

The study of different skin diseases Dermatology

The study of the structure of bones and curvature of the spine Orthopaedics

The study of the heart diseases and circulatory system Cardiology

The study of brain structure, treatment of nervous system Neurology

Profession

Phrase One word

A person who travels in space Astronaut

A person who makes maps Cartographer

A person who sells flowers Florist

A person with beautiful penmanship Calligrapher

A person who supervises Invigilator

A person who anchors a radio show Radio Jockey

A person who teaches dance moves Choreographer

A person who supervises the meusem Curator

A person who collects coins Numismatist

A person who drives a car Chauffeur

Person and Personality

Phrase One word

One who cannot be corrected Incorrigible

One who has mixed feelings Ambivalent

One who has two or more skilled Ambidextrous

One who is outspoken and outgoing Extrovert

One who is reserved and conservative Introvert

One who hates or disgust mankind Misanthrope / Misanthropist

One who hates or disgust females Misogynist

One who hates or disgust males Misandrist / Misander

One who is showy/flirtatious/ Pompous of character Flamboyant

One who is difficult to please or to convince Uncomplecent / Fastidious

One who has a strong sixth sense Psychic

One who is mentally unsound Psychotic

 One who is addicted to hard drinks Dipsomaniac

One who is not addicted to anything Teetotaler

One who is full of life and has a charismatic personality Convivial

One is innocent and unaware of worldly affairs Gullible

One who is prone to hurt Vulnerable

Habits and Ability

Phrase One word

An ability to use both the hands Dexterity

An ability to express oneself in speech Oracity

An ability to make good judgments and take quick decisions Acumen

An ability to see what might happened in future Foresight

An ability to stay calm in difficult situations Sangfroid

An ability to do something Knack

An ability to copy the behaviour of a person Mimicry

An ability to find ways or directions Navigate

An ability to add diagrams or explanation to a written context Annotate

Having no legal power Nutt

Having complete power Omnipotent, Omnipotence

Having an appealing taste or appearance Luscious

Having to a useful purpose Otiose

Having knowledge of the power of learning Erudite

Killing and Manias

Phrase One Word

Killing of Humankind Genocide/ Carnage

Killing of Wife Uxoricide

Killing of Husband Mariticide

Killing of sister Sororicide

Killing of brother Fratricide

Killing of mother Matricide

Killing of father Patricide

The killing of a son (own’s child) Filicide

The killing of a daughter (own’s child) Filicide

The killing of an animal for food Slaughter

Killing someone illegally Lynch

The killing of an elder/older Senicide

Governance Systems

Phrase One word

Government by people Democracy

Government by rich plutocracy

Government by educated/high-class society Aristocracy

Government by dictator Dictatorship

Government by non-elected Bureaucracy

Government by monopolists Capitalism

Government by a particular community Communalism

Government by king or queen Monarchy

Absence of government rule Anarchy

 Government by small fraction or group of families Oligocracy

Government by religious institutions Theocracy

Profession

Phrase One word

A person who travels in space Astronaut

A person who makes maps Cartographer

A person who sells flowers Florist

A person with beautiful penmanship Calligrapher

A person who supervises Invigilator

A person who anchors a radio show Radio Jockey

A person who teaches dance moves Choreographer

A person who supervises the meusem Curator

A person who collects coins Numismatist

A person who drives a car Chauffeur

 ACTION VERBS
Note: Here given examples for an idea. You need to prepare the rest
FIND OUT APPROPRIATE ACTION VERBS FOR THE FOLLOWING

1 Squat

2
wreath

wriggle

Yawn

Dive

faint

cheer
8
Deject/lament

9
encourage

10
teach

11

wink

12

peep
 PRONUNCIATION (SOUNDS OF VOWELS & CONSONANTS)

A. Which word has this sound in it? (British English)

1. ð A. this B. thing C. shoot ( )

2. æ A. cat B. car C. con ( )

3. ɪ A. tip B. tea C. type ( )

4. ʒ A. Gepffreu B. confuse C. collision ( )

5. aɪ A. bike B. bear C. black ( )

6. ʧ A. thin B. shin C. chin ( )

7. ʃ A. feet B. treat C. sheet ( )

8. ʊə A. tour B. cow C. fair ( )

9. ʌ A. cup B. cap C. cape ( )

10. ɪə A. dire B. dare C. deer ( )

B. Find out the word for the phonetic transcription given below.
1. /fəˈtɒg.rə.fi/ a. __________________________

2. /kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ a. __________________________

3. /ˈpæt.ri.ə.tɪ.zəm/ a. __________________________

4. /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪər/ a. __________________________

5. /ˈlæŋ.gwɪdʒ/ a. __________________________

6. /ˈɔː.səm/ a. __________________________

7. /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ a. __________________________

8. /ˈmæn.ɪ.dʒə.bəl/ a. __________________________

9. /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ a. __________________________

10. /ˈred.i.nəs/ a. __________________________

11. /ˈnɔː.zi.əs//ˈnɔːʒəs/ a. __________________________

12. /ɪˈmæk.jə.lə.si/ a. __________________________

13. /ˈɪn.tɜːn.ʃɪp/ a. __________________________

14. /kəmˈpjuː.tər/ a. __________________________

15. /ˈtel.ɪ.fəʊn/ a. __________________________

16. /fəˈtɒg.rə.fər/ a. __________________________

17. /ɪˌmædʒ.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ a. __________________________

18. /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.mənt/ a. __________________________

19. /skuːl/ a. __________________________

20. /ˈtiː.tʃər/ a. __________________________

GRAMMAR/STRUCTURES
TENSES
 SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCES
1. Simple Sentence: Combining two or more simple sentences into one simple sentence:

A. By Using a Present Participle:

1. A man was running away. We saw the man - We saw a man running away.

2. The tiger saw the hunter. Then it ran away. - Seeing the hunter, the tiger ran away.

3. He saw a tiger. He ran away. - Seeing a tiger, he ran away.

B. By Using a Past Participle:

1. I found my book. It was lost. - I found my lost book.

2. He bought a table. It was broken. - He bought a broken table.

3. I met a man. He was learned. - I met a learned man.

C. By Using a Perfect Participle:

1. He did the work. He left the place. - Having done the work, he left the place.

2. He received the news. He started for home. - Having received the news, he started for home.

3. I finished the work. I was taking a rest. - Having finished the work, I was taking a rest.

D. By using an infinitive:

1. You turn these knobs. You can then open the box- You have to turn these knobs to open the box.

2. I have some duties. I must perform them. - I have some duties to perform.

3. She opened the cage. She let the bird fly away - She opened the cage to let the bird fly away.

E. By Using an Absolute Phrase:

1. The sun set. We went home - The sun having set, we went home.

2. The police arrived. The thief fled - The police having arrived, the thief fled.

3. The programme was over. We returned home - The programme being over, we returned home.

F. By using an Adverb or an Adverbial phrase:

1. He will pass. There is no doubt about it - Undoubtedly he will pass.

2. He died young. It was unfortunate - Unfortunately he died young.

3. He returned home. It was evening at the time - He returned home in the evening.

G. By using a Noun or a Noun Phrase in Apposition:

1. Robin is my friend. He is a journalist - Robin, my friend, is a journalist.

2. My uncle built this bridge. He is an engineer in the PWD.

My uncle, an engineer in the PWD, built this bridge.

3. Alexander was the king of Macedonia. He invaded India.

Alexander, the king of Macedonia, invaded India.

H. By using a preposition with a Noun or a Gerund:

1. He insisted. I should go there - He insisted on my going there.

2. Father bought a pen. He bought it for me - Father bought a pen for me.

3. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it - I am not afraid of speaking the truth.

I. By Using an Adjective:

1. He brought the news. The news was not true - He brought the false news.

2. He gifted me with a pen. Its colour was red - He gifted me with a red pen.

3. He bought a dress. It was costly - He bought a costly dress.

J. By Using the Conjunction 'And':

1. I bought a house. I bought a car - I bought a house and a car.

2. Rita came. Her brother came - Rita and her brother came.

2. Complex Sentence: Two or more simple sentences can be combined into a complex sentence in the
following ways:

A. By Using a Noun Clause:

1. You insulted him. This is his complaint - His complaint is that you insulted him.

2. The earth is round. We can prove it - We can prove that the earth is round.

3. We should drop the plan. That is my suggestion - My suggestion is that we should drop the plan.
B. By Using an Adjective Clause:

1. A boy said this. I know the boy - I know the boy who said this.

2. I have lost the pen. You gave it to me - I have lost the pen that you gave me.

3. They live in a village. It is six miles away - They live in a village which is six miles away.

C. By Using an Adverbial Clause:

1. Where has he gone? Do you know it? - Do you know where he has gone?

2. What are you making? Let me see - Let me see what you are making.

3. The rain will stop. Let us wait till then - Let us wait till the rain stops.

3. Compound Sentence: Two or more simple sentences can be combined into a compound sentence in the
following ways:

A. By Using a Coordinate Conjunction:

1. Don't overeat. You will be ill - Don't overeat or you will be ill.

2. He is not sincere. He is not honest - He is neither sincere nor honest.

3. Walk fast. You will miss the train - Walk fast or you will miss the train.

Sentence Correction?
The Sentence Correction technique that makes it possible to create a sentence with the right word order
and that makes sense in its entirety is known as sentence correction. The act of rearranging the words to
obtain a complete sense is referred to as sentence correction. A sentence is defined as a group of words put
together in the proper order to demonstrate a complete meaning. For any phrase to have the intended
meaning and follow appropriate grammar rules, the order in which words are used is crucial.

Sentence Correction Rules

Sentence Correction rules are given below.

Sentence Correction Rule 1

Rule 1: When using words like (kind of, sort of, type of, etc), it is not necessary to use the articles a/an or
the.
Example:
Incorrect – What type of the books you like to read?
Correct – What type of books do you like to read?
Incorrect – What sort of an insect is that?
Correct – What sort of insect is that?

Sentence Correction Rule 2

Rule 2: Each of, One of, and None of sentences are followed by the plural form of the noun.
Examples:
Incorrect: Each of the player performed well in the match.
Correct – Each of the players performed well in the match.
Incorrect – None of the student scored above 90% in boards.
Correct – None of the students scored above 90 % in boards.
Sentence Correction Rule 3
Rule 3: The collective noun takes a plural verb when not used as a single unit.
Example:
Incorrect: The resources was divided based on its expertise
Correct: The resources were divided based on their expertise.
Sentence Correction Rule 4
Rule 4: Use Present Continuous tense rather than simple present tense, when the recurring action is
confusing.
Example:
Incorrect: She always hits me without any reason
Correct: She is always hitting me without any reason

Sentence Correction Rule 5

Rule 5: If, in a sentence, two action clauses are to take place in the future, use simple present tense for
conditional clause and simple future tense for the other clause.
Example:
Incorrect: The moment she will enter the room, we will start singing the birthday song
Correct: The moment she enters the room we will start singing the birthday song.
Sentence Correction Rule 6
Rule 6: For impossible past conditions, use past perfect and for its likely results use Would+Have+ 3 form of
Verb. Past perfect is used for impossible past conditions.
Example:
Incorrect: If Jacob would have called me. I would have picked him up from the airport.
Correct: If Jacob had called me, I would have picked him up from the airport.

Sentence Correction Questions

For the correction of the sentences, the grammatical rules must be followed strictly and must not change
the intended meaning of the sentence. Here are some examples of sentence correction with their corrected
answers.
For example,
Q1. “She went to school despite of her illness” and the answer is “she went to school despite her illness”.
Q2. “Ramu, who he is my friend, is a singer.” The answer is “Ramu, who is my friend, is a singer.”
Q3. “No matter what that he do, he can’t make her happy.” The answer to the question is “No matter what
he does, he can’t make her happy.”
Q4. “He is busy at the work and won’t be home before 12:30” and the answer is “He is busy at work and
won’t be home before 12:30.”
Q5. “They have decided to quit their job a week ago.” and the answer is “They decided to quit their job a
week ago.”
Q6. “He should complain of if he is not happy with the service he receive.” The answer is “He should
complain if he is not happy with the service he receives.”

Directions: Select the correct option to replace the underlined part of the sentence given in the
questions.

1. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice presidents, are elected for a four-year term by the
people.
are elected for a four-year term by the people.
are elected, by the people, for a four-year term.
is elected for a four-year term by the people.
are elected for four-year terms by the people.
is elected for four-year terms by the people.
Here, the answer will be option 3 as it uses the correct subject-verb agreement rule that with “The
President” the singular verb “is” will be used.
2. Previously thought to have been extinct, a team of biologists rediscovered the New Caledonia crested
gecko in 1994.
a team of biologists rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko in 1994.
a team of biologists, in 1994, rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko.
in 1994 the New Caledonia crested gecko was rediscovered by a team of biologists.
and discovered by a team of biologists in 1994 was the New Caledonia crested gecko.
the New Caledonia crested gecko was rediscovered by a team of biologists in 1994.
Sentence Correction Questions in English
Directions: In each of the following questions, find out which part of the sentence has an error. If there is
no mistake, the answer is “no error”.
Q1: The road (a) / to famous monument (b) / passes through a forest (c) / No error (d).
Q2: Our housing society comprises of (a) / six blocks and (b) / thirty-three flats in an (c) / area of about
thousand square metres. (d) / No error (e).
Q3: Now that she is living in her own flat, (a) / she cleans the windows, (b) / twice a week in the summer
and once a week in the winter. (c)/ No error (d).
Q4: With little imagination and enterprise, (a)/ the tournament could have been transformed (b) / into a
major attraction (c) / No error (d).
Q5: These display (a) / the (b) / remarkable variety. (c) / No error (d). [N.D.A.]
Q6: If you have faith in Almighty (a) / everything will turn out (b) / to be all right. (c) / No error (d).
Q7: According to the Bible (a)/ it is meek and humble (b) / who shall inherit the earth. (c) / No error (d).
Q8: I am not wealthy, (a)/ so I can not afford (b) / to buy a expensive car. (c) / No error (d).
Q9: Sunita opened a almirah (a) / full of books (b)/ and took one of them (c) / for reading. (d) / No error
(e). (B.S.R.B 1992)
Q10: Most people would have (a) / attended the union meeting (b) / if they had (c) / had longer notice of it.
(d) / No error (e)
Q11: My father is (a) / in bad mood (b0 / today. (c) No error (d).
Find Your Answers Here
Q1: (b), Q2: (d), Q3: (c), Q4: 9a), Q5: (b), Q6: (a), Q7: (b), Q8: (c), Q9: (a), Q10: (d), Q11: (b).... Read more at:
https://www.adda247.com/school/sentence-correction-questions-rules-for-english-language/
 ssTOP 20 INDIAN AUTHORS AND THEIR FAMOUS BOOKS

S.No Name of the author Famous books written

1 Mahatma Gandhi  An Autobiography or The Story of My
Experiments with Truth
 The Communist Manifesto and Other
Revolutionary Writings: Marx, Marat, Paine,
Mao Tse-Tung, Gandhi, and Others
 The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His
Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas
 Peace: The Words and Inspiration of
Mahatma Gandhi (Me-We)
 Hind Swaraj and Other Writings

2 R.K.Narayan  The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose

Version of the Indian Epic
 Malgudi Days
 The Guide
 The Mahabharata: A Shortened Modern
Prose Version of the Indian Epic
 Ramayan

3 Rohinton Mystry  A Fine Balance

 Such a Long Journey
 Family Matters
 Tales from Firozsha Baag
 Black Water 2: More Tales of the Fantastic

4 Salman Rusdie  The Satanic Verses

 Midnight's Children
 The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for
the Non-believer
 Haroun and the Sea of Stories
 Fight of the Century: Writers Reflect on 100
Years of Landmark ACLU Cases

5 Jumpalahari  Interpreter of Maladies

 The Namesake
 Unaccustomed Earth
 The Lowland
 Dove mi trovo
  A Suitable Boy
 The Golden Gate
6 Vikramseth  An Equal Music
 Two Lives: A Memoir
 From Heaven Lake: Travels Through Sinkiang
and Tibet

7 Arundathi Roy  The God of Small Things

 The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
 The Cost of Living
 Capitalism: A Ghost Story
 An Ordinary Person's Guide to Empire

8 Amitav Gosh  Sea of Poppies

 The Hungry Tide
 The Glass Palace
 The Great Derangement: Climate Change
and the unthinkable
 River of Smoke

9 Anitha Desai  Clear Light of Day

 Fasting, Feasting
 Fire on the Mountain
 In Custody
 Baumgartner's Bombay

10 A.K.Ramanujan  Folktales from India

 The Collected Essays of A. K. Ramanujan
 A Flowering Tree and Other Oral Tales from
India
 Relations
 Hymns for the Drowning: Poems for Visnu

11 Kiran Desai  The Inheritance of Loss

 Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard
 AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India
 Generation 1.5
12 Mulkaraj Anand  Untouchable
 Coolie (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics)
 Book of Indian Beauty
 Private Life of an Indian Prince

13 Vikramchandra  Sacred Games

 Red Earth and Pouring Rain
 Love and Longing in Bombay
 Mirrored Mind: My Life in Letters and Code

14 Rabindranath
Tagore Gitanjali, The Home and the World

The Postmaster, The Post Office

Gora , Waiting , Friend

On the Nature of Love , Paperboats

15 Mithra Phukan  The Collector's Wife

 Mamani's Adventures
 A Full Night's Thievery: Stories
 What Will People Say? a Novel

16 Kushwanth Singh  Train to Pakistan

 Delhi
 History of the Sikhs: 1469-1839 v. 1 (Oxford
India Paperbacks)
 Truth, Love and a Little Malice
 India: An Introduction

17 Nayantara Sahghal  Rich Like Us

 Prison & Chocolate Cake
 Plans for Departure
 Indira Gandhi: Her Road to Power
 Mistaken Identity
18 Sunethra Guptha  Memories of Rain
 The Glassblower's Breath
 So Good in Black
 Moonlight into Marzipan
 Moonlight Into Marzipan

19 Niradh C.Chouday  The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian

 Hinduism: A Religion to Live By
 Thy Hand, Great Anarch! India, 1921-1952
 A Passage to England
 To Live or Not to Live

20 Chetan Bhagath  One Indian Girl

 Five Point Someone: What Not to Do at IIT
 Two States
 The Girl in Room 105
 Half Girlfriend

21 Sudhamurthy  How I Taught My Grandmother to Read and

Other Stories
 Grandma's Bag Of Stories
 The Magic Drum and Other Favourite Stories
 Wise and Otherwise
 Magic Of The Lost Temple
 Figures of Speech

There is a wide range of different types of figures of speech that are used in our daily communication. Let
us take a look at some of the most popular ones that are used extensively:

Personification

Personification attributes human nature or human qualities to abstract or inanimate objects. For example,
we often use the phrases like the howling wind, dancing leaves, time flies etc. Some examples of
personification in a sentence are:

 The opportunity knocked at his door

 The plants in her house silently begged to be watered
 Lightning danced across the sky
 The wind howled in the night.

Metaphor

A metaphor is used for implying a comparison between two things that have something in common but are
in general different from each other. Some examples of the usage of metaphors in a sentence is as follows:

 It is raining cats and dogs

 He is the star of our class
 Life is a highway.
 Her eyes were diamonds.

Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that compares two things that are different from each other but have similar
qualities. These are generally formed through the usage of the words ‘as’ or ‘like’. Some examples of similes
in a sentence include:

 He is as brave as a lion
 Her expression was as cold as ice
 Swim like a fish
 As light as a feather

Alliteration

Alliteration is a sentence that consists of a series of words that have the same consonant sound at the
beginning. Some popular examples of alliteration in a sentence include:

 She sells sea shells on the seashore

 A good cook could cook as many cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies
 All Adam ate in August was apples and almonds
  Barry bought a book to bring to the backyard barbecue

Onomatopoeia

This is a figure of speech that is used to express a sound. To be more precise, it involves the use of words
that imitate the sounds associated with the action or object referred to i.e. hiss, clap etc. Some examples of
onomatopoeia include:

 The buzzing bee flew over my head

 The stone hit the water with a splash
 The boulder hit the ground with a flump.
 Leaves rustle in the wind and are whipped into the air.

Hyperbole

A hyperbole is a figure of speech that consists of an exaggeration. It is the usage of exaggerated terms in
order to emphasize or heighten the effect of something. Some examples of using hyperboles in a sentence
include:

 I have told you a million times to not touch my stuff!

 She has got a pea-sized brain
 I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.
 She’s as old as the hills.

Euphemism

Euphemism is the usage of a mild word in substitution of something that is more explicit or harsh when
referring to something unfavorable or unpleasant. Some examples of its usage include:

 This mall has good facilities for differently-abled people

 He passed away in his sleep
 Passed away” instead of “died”
 “Let go” instead of “fired”

Irony

Irony or sarcasm is a figure of speech in which the usage of words conveys the opposite of their literal
meaning. These are often used in a humorous manner. Some examples of irony include:

 Your hands are as clean as mud

 The dinner you served was as hot as ice
 Coming home to a big mess and saying, “it’s great to be back”
 Telling a rude customer to “have a nice day”

Anaphora
It is a repetition of a word or phrase at the start of several sentences of clauses. Some of the examples of
anaphora are as follows:

 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: “I Have a Dream” Speech

 Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities
 “Be bold. Be brief. Be gone.”
 “Get busy living or get busy dying.”

Apostrophe

It addresses a subject that is not present in the work. In this case, the object is absent or inanimate. Here
are some examples of apostrophes.

 Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are

 Welcome, O life!
 Alarm clock, please don’t fail me.
 Seven, you are my lucky number!

Pun

Puns are among the most frequently used figures of speech in daily conversation. They may be great
conversation starters since they make you sound clever and occasionally even humorous. Here are a few
instances of puns in speech:

 Denial is a river in Egypt (referring to The Nile using the word Denial).
 Her cat is near the computer to keep an eye on the mouse.
 No matter how much you push the envelope, it will still be stationery.
 Everyone thinks my runny nose is funny, but it’s snot.

Paradox

These figures of speech, like ironies, emphasize something by discussing the exact opposite of it. A paradox,
on the other hand, differs from irony in that it does not make the contrast as evident. Let’s examine two
instances of paradoxical figures of speech:

 “Some of my biggest triumphs have also been failures,” (According to US actress Pearl Bailey)
 “War is good. Slavery is freedom. “Ignorance is power,” (As said by English author George Orwell)
 Save money by spending it
 If I know one thing, it’s that I know nothing

Oxymoron

This figure of speech, which should not be confused with ironies and paradoxes, links two opposing ideas at
once. This indicates that two opposing concepts are utilized inside a single sentence to create levity in an
oxymoron figure of speech. For instance,

 This is another fine mess you have got us into

  Suddenly the room filled with a deafening silence
 The comedian was seriously funny
 You are clearly confused by the situation you have found yourself in

Assonance

Internal vowels in nearby words that are the same or comparable in sound. Here are a few examples of
assonance in speech:

 How now, brown cow?

 The light of the fire is a sight
 Go slow over the road
 Try as I might, the kite did not fly

Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech when one term or phrase is used in place of another with which it is closely
related. It is also a rhetorical technique used to describe something indirectly by making references to
objects around it. Here are a few instances of Metonym:

 “That stuffed suit with the briefcase is a poor excuse for a salesman,” the manager said angrily.
 The pen is mightier than the sword”
 I’m a Silicon Valley guy. I just think people from Silicon Valley can do anything.
 Most of the successful people in Hollywood are failures as human beings.

The Figure of Speech Usage: Points to Remember

Figure of speeches do not convey the literal meaning, hence, it is very important to know how to use the
figure of speech. The most significant way of doing this is by making sure that the figure of speech that you
are using implies, or gives out the desired effect and feeling. There are different ways and points you can
remember to easily do this. Some of them are as follows.
 PICTURE DESCRIPTION

Answer:
This is a picture of a kitchen. There are three children in the kitchen. Their mother is washing something
at the sink. Jim is sitting at the table. It seems that he is writing/reading something. Sheila is talking with
Bobby. There are some clothes in a basket on the table here is an iron board beside the table.

Answer:
This is a picture of a living room. There are five family members in the picture. There are three children.
One of them is sitting on a chair reading a book. The woman/ lady who seems to be children's mother is
buttoning up the girl's frock. The lady is sitting on a stool. The youngest of the children is sitting on the
floor. The child is giving a toy to the gentleman who is standing in front of her. There is a lamp shade on
the stool.
 PICTURE INFERENCES

Visual Clues
A.

B.
1. How is the girl feeling? How do you know?
2. Why is she feeling that way?
3. Who is the man?
4. Where are they?
5. What are the characters thinking?
C.
1. Why is the girl standing behind him?
2. Why is she dragging a kite on the floor?
3. How is she feeling? What is she thinking?
4. Do you think this has happened before?
5. What does the man think?

D.
1. What season is it? Winter/summer
2. When is it? Noon/Midnight/Morning
3. Why do the trees look that way?
Trees are dying/
A storm covered them with ice and snow/
They are blooming
4. How would your footsteps sound if you were
to walk on the ground?
Squish/slurp/crunch
5. What might live nearby?
A wild moose/a wild giraffe/a wild alligator

Pick one of the answers you gave to a question and

explain your answer.

Note:
 This handout has been designed to demonstrate model questions and content.
 This doesn’t mean that questions from this appear in quiz.
 You need to prepare above mentioned topics extensively.
 Take your guide teacher’s suggestions and prepare thoroughly.
 The best performers of QUIZ WHIZZERS will be taken for Inter School Quiz Competition
among all Montessori group of schools.
 Quiz Whizzers (Preliminary-Selection) will be conducted between 5th Sep to 10th Sep,2023