EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AND SRATEGIES ON THE SOCIAL

REINTEGRATION OF PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education
STI West Negros University
Bacolod City

In partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

BUENAFE, LYLE JOHN G.

DELA PEÑA, JOHN GABRIEL D.
ESPORAS, MACKY L.
GAMAO, FRANCES LEE S.
GIGUENTO, CHRISTIAN G.
MENESES, ALDYN M.
UBERAS, ALISON O.

June 2023
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Globally, institutional policies and strategies can significantly impact people deprived of liberty

to reintegrate into society. PDLs can effectively return to their communities as law-abiding citizens by

developing the resources and skills necessary with the support of effective policies and programs.

Correctional facilities can have a significant impact on recidivism rates, community safety, and the

successful social reintegration of PDLs by putting in place efficient institutional rules and methods.

The reintegration of individuals deprived of liberty is critical in every society. This element is

essential to reintegrating formerly incarcerated individuals into society. By realizing the value of

reintegration, we can end the cycle of recidivism and advance a diverse community. According to Toader

(2020) The process of resocialization of persons deprived of liberty is a constant concern for the creators

of criminal and social policies who seek to identify the most viable measures by which the state can

intervene in preventing and combating criminal recidivism.

Moreso, this study was able to let the researchers go deeper to know the effectiveness of

institutional policies and strategies given for the social reintegration of people deprived of liberty and

how these institutional policies and strategies apply to the resocialization of person deprived of liberty.
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the Effectiveness of institutional policies and strategies on the social

reintegration of person deprived of liberty

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the institutional policies and strategies use in the social reintegration of person deprived of

liberty?

2. What is the application of the correctional institution in implementing the institutional policies and

strategies for the social reintegration of people deprived of liberty?

Theoretical Framework
 This study will be anchored on the concept of Desistance theory. According to Harper (2013)

Desistance theory strives to explain the process by which offenders come to live life free from

criminality. A criminological phenomenon known as "desire theory" explains how criminal offenders

come to an end to their unlawful behavior. It has practical implications for probation officers working

with convicted criminals in the community and is especially relevant when considering offender

rehabilitation and the criminal's career.

Risk-need-responsivity model

The risk-need-responsivity model also correlates with this study since the risk-need-responsivity

paradigm postulates that an inmate's needs and risk should dictate the best course of action for resolving

their criminogenic characteristics both before and after release, which also applies to this study.

1. Risk principle: Based on both static and dynamic criteria (such as substance abuse and antisocial

attitudes) such as the offender's age at first arrest, history of arrests, and current age, match the degree

of assistance to the offender's risk of reoffending. More extensive intervention is necessary for

offenders who pose a greater; risk.

2. Need principle: Determine criminogenic needs and focus treatment on meeting them. Low-risk

offenders should get little to no treatment, whereas high-risk offenders should receive extensive care.

3. Responsivity principle: By offering cognitive behavioral treatment and customizing the

intervention to the offender's learning style, motivation, skills, and talents, you can maximize their

capacity to learn from a rehabilitative intervention.

Scope and limitation

This study focused on the effectiveness of institutional policies and strategies on the social

reintegration of person deprived of liberty in 3 jail facilities in Bacolod city. This was conducted among

the 5 jail officers. In addition, the study was conducted from the month of November 2022 until June

2023.

This study will not cover other problems that are not related to the effectiveness of correctional

institutions in the social reintegration of people deprived of liberty. Each of the respondents is given the

same questionnaire to answer. The result of this study will be applicable only to the respondents of this

study and will not be used as a measure of who does not belong to the population of this study.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following persons stated below:

Correctional Institution

This study is significant to the correctional institution as it helped them identify the effectiveness

of institutional policies and strategies given to the social reintegration of persons deprived of liberty and

derive an enhancement program addressing the concerns of the institution for an effective policies and

strategies towards them.

Community

This study is significant to the community as it would be aware of what are the institutional

policies and strategies given to the social reintegration of people deprived of liberty to ensure that the

institutional policies and strategies given align with the real needs and challenges faced by those

reintegrating into society.

Offenders
 This study is significant to persons deprived of liberty because as they would be able to share and

be given an opportunity to voice out about their problems encountered, specifically the institutional

policies and strategies given to them, and for these concerns to be addressed by the institution, making

them not to worry anymore about those concerns that they have.

Family of Offenders

This study is significant to the families of the offenders because they would be able to understand

the situations of their family members, which would allow them to adjust and offer possible treatments

to ease the experiences of their loved ones inside the rehabilitation facilities.

Researchers

This study is significant to the researchers for this can be a venue on improving their knowledge

as to the effectiveness of institutional polices and strategies on the social reintegration of person

deprived of liberty inside the facility helping them give appropriate recommendations to improve or

enhance the institutional policies and strategies given to social reintegration of PDL’s.

Future Researchers

This study is significant to the future researchers as this could be their basis on the conduct of

their future researches regarding to the effectiveness of institutional policies and strategies on the social

reintegration of person deprived of liberty or topics related to such fields.

Definition of Terms

Effectiveness

According to Andrew Gager (2021) the Effectiveness is defined as the degree to which something

is successful in producing a desired result or success.

Operationally, the term refers to the expected outcome of a correctional institution based on the

institutional policies and strategies given to the social reintegration of a person deprived of liberty.

Strategies

According to Rich Horwath (2020), A strategy is the intelligent management of resources through a

special set of actions to accomplish a certain objective.

Operationally, the term refers to the set of organized plans that correctional institutions use in the

social reintegration of people deprived of liberty.

Inmate

According to Graca & Oliviera (2019) An inmate is the person who, for having disregarded or

failed to comply with the rules established by society.

Operationally, the term refers to the persons deprived of liberty confined in jail facilities in Bacolod

City who committed an offense.

Institutional
 According to

Operationally, the term refers

Social reintegration

According to Schaefer, D., & Blasko, B. L., (2015) the social reintegration define as the process

by which individuals with a criminal record are integrated back into their communities as law-abiding

citizens.

Operationally, the term refers to the return of a person deprived of liberty to the community after

coming from jail facilities.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes research studies from foreign and local articles

Which has bearing in this study. It presents results of the researcher’ s review

of concepts and studies which relevant ii terms of content, methodology

and procedures.
 CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

Foreign

The Social reintegration is a process that involves community-based sanctions rather than imprisonment,

aiming to facilitate the social reintegration of offenders into society, diverting them away from the

criminal justice system and promoting restorative justice. Curt T. Griffiths, PhD et. al (2018). In one

study of (Gramlich, J. 2021) the number of people incarcerated in the US has decreased somewhat from

a historical high but is still quite high. Overcrowding in many jails, particularly state-level facilities, is a

result of constrained funds, policy choices, and frequently subpar infrastructure.

Likewise, though consistent data from states is somewhat difficult to obtain, the most recently published

federal statistics show that as many as 36% of prisoners are currently being held in facilities operating at

more than their rated or design capability. Maruschak, L. and Buehler, E. (2021).

As one of the criminal justice handbook series (2019) entitled The Prevention of Recidivism and the

Social Reintegration of Offenders states, one of the main goals of criminal justice systems should be the

rehabilitation of offenders and their effective social reintegration into society. This point is explicitly

acknowledged by legally binding international human rights conventions, as well as by UN standards

and norms in criminal justice and crime prevention, which emphasize the significance of interventions to

support offenders' social reintegration as a means of deterring future crimes and safeguarding society.

Chapter 3
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the research design, locale of the study, the participants of the study, data

gathering procedures, data analysis and research instrument to be used in analyzing the data.

Research Design

The researchers used qualitative research design in this study. According to Bhandari (2020)

Qualitative research involves gathering and analyzing non-numerical data to better comprehend ideas,

viewpoints, or experiences. It can be applied to provide fresh research ideas or obtain an in-depth

understanding of an issue.

Unlike other researches that uses logical and statistical procedures, qualitative researches use multiple

systems of inquiry for the study of human phenomena including biography, case study, historical

analysis, ethnography, grounded theory and phenology.

Through these studies, the researchers accepts that both them and the participants have their own

values and realities resulting in a multitude reality. In this approach, the researchers primarily employed

phenomenological in-depth interviews and focused group discussions among jail officers in BJMP-

Metro Bacolod district jail and BJMP Handumanan that helped find out the effectiveness of institutional

policies and strategies on social reintegration of person deprived of liberty.

The researchers had employed descriptive research design with qualitative research method.

The purpose of using the qualitative research method and descriptive research design is to allow the

researchers to know the effectiveness of institutional policies and strategies on social reintegration of

person deprived of liberty in BJMP- Metro Bacolod district jail and BJMP Handumanan in which the

researchers had selected. Five (5) jail officers on every jail facility of different age, length of service
inside the facility. Three (2) of these informants had undergone an in-depth interview and the other

five (3) was in a focused group discussion. A self-made interview guide questionnaire was made and

been validated by the experts in the field of Criminology, Jail Bureau and Psychology.

Locale of the study

This study was conducted in the BJMP- Metro Bacolod district jail located at BCPO compound,

BJMP Handumanan located at Phase VI-B, Barangay Handumanan Bacolod City. and Negros

Occidental.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the 5 selected jail officers from the BJMP- Metro Bacolod

district jail and BJMP Handumanan. Three () of them had undergone in-depth interview and the other

five () on the focused group discussion and the participants was called informants.

Data Gathering Instrument

Validity

Data Gathering Procedures

Data Analysis
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Gramlich, J. (2021, August 16). America’s incarceration rate falls to lowest level since 1995. Pew Research Center.
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Laura M. Maruschak and Emily D. Buehler, Ph.D., Bureau of Justice Statistics · Statistical Tables. (2021).
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