9 a) Jadual 3 menunjukkan tiga unsur X, Y dan Z dan susunan elektron bagi atom.

Table 1 shows three elements X, Y and Z and their electron arrangement of atoms.

Unsur Element Susunan elektron bagi atom Electron

arrangement of atom
X 2.1
Y 2.8.1
Z 2.8.8.1
Jadual/ Table 1
Berdasarkan Jadual 1,
Based on the Table 1,

i) Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur X dan Y. Terangkan jawapan anda.

Compare the reactivity of element X and Y. Explain your answer.
[5 marks]

ii) Cadangkan nama unsur Z. Dengan menggunakan simbol unsur yang dicadangkan, tulis
persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas dengan oksigen.
Suggest the name of element Z. Using the symbol of element suggested, write the
chemical equation for the reaction with oxygen.
[3 marks]

iii) Nyatakan bagaimana unsur Kumpulan 1 disimpan dalam makmal dan berikan satu
sebab.
State how elements of Group 1 are stored in laboratory and give a reason.
[2 marks]

b) Rajah 1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi atom untuk unsur-unsur karbon, klorin dan
magnesium.
Diagram 1 shows the standard representation of atom for elements carbon , chlorine and
magnesium

12 35 24

C Cl Mg
6 17 12
Rajah /diagram 1

i) Huraikan dari segi susunan elektron ikatan kimia yang terbentuk antara atom karbon
dan atom klorin. Sertakan sekali dalam jawapan anda formula molekul dan lukisan
susunan elektron di dalam sebatian tersebut.
Describe in terms of electron arrangement the chemical bond formed between carbon
atom and chlorine atom. Include in your answer the molecular formula and the
drawing of electron arrangements in the compound.

[9 marks]
 ii) Ramalkan keadaan fizikal sebatian ini pada suhu bilik.
Predict the physical state of this compound at room temperature.

[1 mark]

ANSWER

3 (a) (i) Y lebih reaktif daripada X 1

Saiz atom Y lebih besar daripada atom X 1
Jarak antara nukleus dengan elektron valens lebih jauh 1
Daya tarikan antara nukleus dan elektron valens lebih lemah 1 5
Atom Y lebih mudah membebaskan elektron 1

Y is more reactive than X.

Atomic size of Y is bigger than atom X
The distance between nucleus and valence electron is further. Force
of attraction between nucleus and valence electron is weaker.
Y atom is easier to release electron.

(ii) Kalium // Potassium 1

4K+ O2→ 2K2O 1
[ Correct formula of reactants and product ] 1
[ Balance equation] 3

iii) Disimpan dalam minyak paraffin 1

Unsur Kumpulan 1 sangat reaktif/ mudah dioksidakan 1 2
Stored in the paraffin oil.
Group 1 elements are very reactive / easily oxidised

b) i) - chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons needs one electron 1

- carbon atom has 4 valence electrons ,hence it needs 4 more 1

electron

- so that each atom achieves stable octet electron arrangement 1

- share electrons between them 1

- four chlorine atoms , each contributes 1 electron // [ diagram] 1

- one carbon atom contributes 4 electrons //[diagram] 1

- four single covalent bonds are formed 1

- the molecular formula is CCl4 1

 - diagram 1
[ no. of electrons in all the occupied shells in the carbon
and chlorine atoms - correct] 1
[ sharing of 4 pairs of single covalent bonds between 1 9
carbon atom and 4 chlorine atoms ] Max=9

ii) Colourless liquid 1 1

TOTAL 20

9 Rajah 5 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili tiga unsur W, X dan Y.

Diagram 5 shows the symbols which represent three elements, W, X and Y.

Rajah 5
Diagram 5

Berdasarkan Rajah 5, jawab soalan-soalan berikut

Based on Diagram 5, answer the following questions:

(a) Apakah yang diwakili oleh angka 12 dan 6 dalam simbol bagi unsur W?
What is represented by number 12 and 6 in the symbol of element W?
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

(b) Atom W dan X boleh membentuk ikatan kimia dengan atom Y.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia dan terangkan bagaimana ikatan terbentuk antara:
Atoms W and X can form chemical bonds with atom Y.
State the type of chemical bond and explain how the bond is formed between:

(i) Atom W dan Y

Atoms W and Y
(ii) Atom X dan Y
Atom X and Y

[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Bandingkan sifat fizik sebatian dalam (b)(i) dan (b)(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda.

Compare the physical properties of compound in (b)(i) and (b)(ii). Explain your answer.

[8 markah]
[8 marks]
Question No. Mark Scheme Mark
9 (a) 12 represent the nucleon number. 1
6 represent the proton number 1
(b) (i) 1.Atoms W and Y form covalent bond. 1
2. To achieve the stable octet electron arrangement, 1
3. Atom W contributes 4 electrons while atom Y contributes one electron for sharing. 1
4. Thus, atom W shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of Y, 1
5. forming a molecule with the formula WY4 // diagram 1

Y W Y

(ii)
1. Atom X and atom Y formed ionic bond. 1
2. Atom X has the electron arrangement 2.8.1, and 1
(c) Melting point
1. The melting point of the ionic compound/ (b)(ii) is higher than that of the covalent
compound/ (b)(i) . 1
2. This is because in ionic compounds oppositely ions are held by stronger electrostatic
forces. 1
3. Higher energy is needed to overcome these forces.
4. In covalent compounds, molecules are held by weaker intermolecular forces. 1
5. Only a small amount of heat energy is required to overcome the attractive forces. 1
1
Electrical conductivity
6. The ionic compound/(b)(ii) conducts electricity in the molten or aqueous state
whereas the covalent compound/(b)(i) does not conduct electricity. 1
7. This is because in the molten or aqueous state, ionic compounds consist of freely 1
moving ions carry electrical charges.
8. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules only 1
20