Introduction 5

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To verify the pipeline against design and code requirements for installation,
commissioning, and operation.
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To prepare authority applications.
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To perform a material takeoff sufficient to order the line pipe (should the pipe fabrication
be a long lead item, hence requiring early startup).
The level of this engineering design is sometimes specified as being sufficient to
detail the design for inclusion into an engineering, procurement, construction, and
installation (EPCI) tender. The EPCI contractor should then be able to perform the
detailed design with the minimum number of variations as detailed in their bids.
3. Detail engineering. The detailed engineering phase is, as the term suggests, the
development of the design to a point where the technical input for all procurement and
construction tendering can be defined in sufficient detail. The primary objectives can be
summarized as
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Route optimization.
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Selection of wall thickness and coating.
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Confirmation of code requirements regarding strength, vortex-induced vibrations (VIV),
on-bottom stability, global buckling, and installation.
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Confirmation of the design and additional design as defined in the preliminary
engineering.
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Development of the design and drawings in sufficient detail for the subsea scope. This
may include pipelines, tie-ins, crossings, span corrections, risers, shore approaches, and
subsea structures.
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Preparation of detailed alignment sheets based on most recent survey data.
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Preparation of specifications, typically covering materials, cost applications, construc-
tion activities (i.e., pipe laying, survey, welding, riser installations, spoolpiece instal-
lation, subsea tie-ins, subsea structure installation), and pre-commissioning (i.e.,
flooding, pigging, hydrotesting, cleaning, drying).
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Preparation of material take off (MTO) and compilation of necessary requisition in-
formation for the procurement of materials.
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Preparation of design data and other information required for the certification
authorities.

Design Process
The object of the design process for a pipeline is to determine, based on given
operating parameters, the optimum pipeline size parameters. These parameters
include
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Pipeline internal diameter.
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Pipeline wall thickness.
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Grade of pipeline material.
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Type of coating-corrosion and weight (if any).
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Coating wall thickness.
The design process required to optimize the pipeline size parameters is an iterative
one, summarized in Figure 1.2. The design analysis is illustrated in Figure 1.3.
Each stage in the design process should be addressed whether it is a conceptual,
preliminary, or detailed design. However, the level of analysis varies, depending on