Question 2:

- Harmonics appear because current cannot flow through the rectifier and into the
inverter when the input AC voltage is less than the DC voltage on the capacitor.
This only happens for a short period of time per phase but is enough to
completely distort the input AC current so that it is no longer a standard
sinusoid.

Question 3:

Working principle of the Buck converter

- Passing current through semiconductor electronic components, inductors, and

electric coils to charge the capacitor. When charging is complete, it will
maintain current through the load.
- The current through the coil and the current charging into the capacitor will
slowly increase, and the voltage at the output on the load will also slowly
increase. At this point, you will see that the diode will not conduct electricity
because it is reverse biased.
- When turning off the current through the load, the diode will automatically
program the current through the main load, ensuring protection of
semiconductor components from damage due to reverse voltage when cutting
off the current, limiting the situation where semiconductor components die
immediately when the load is turned off. Reverse voltage is generated by the
inductor and the power supply increases.