Diploma Electrical

5th sem
SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION IN DC LOW-
VOLTAGE SYSTEM

Atul Polytechnic,
Post:- Khadat ;Nr Veer Residency:- Mahudi,
Gandhinagar- Gujarat

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Vishal Patel Shubham Goswami
Vivek Patel
 INDEX

Introduction
Working
Block diagram
Component
Function of component
Voltage regulated circuit
Advantages
Disadvantages
 INTRODUCTION
 Here is Short-circuit Protection to derive
the additional power supply from the maim
circuit. The main circuit is protected from
any damage due to short-circuit in
additional power supply circuit by cutting
off the derived supply voltage.
 The derived supply voltage restores
automatically when shorting is removed.
An LED is used to indicate whether short-
circuit exists or not.
 WORKING

Working of the circuit is simple. When the 5V DC out

put from regulator IC LM7805 is available, transistor
conducts through resister and LED. As a result,
transistor conducts and short-circuit protected 5V DC
output appears across terminals.

The green LED glow to indicate the same, while the

red LED remains off due to the presence of the same
voltage at both of its ends.
When terminals short, cuts off due to grounding
of its base. Thus during short-circuit, the green
LED turns off and the red LED glow.

Capacitors across the main 5V output absorb the

voltage fluctuations occurring due to short-circuit
in, ensuring disturbance-free
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 COMPONENT
a. Resister
b. Diodes
c. Capacitor
d. Transistor
e. Transformer
f. LEDs
g. IC LM7805
 Function of component

RESISTER
Resistor restrict the flow of
electric current.

Resistor is placed in series with a light-emiting diode

(LED) to limit the current passing through the LED.
 CAPACITORS

They are used with resistors in

timing circuit because it takes
time for a capacitor to fill with charge.

They are also used in filter circuit because capacitors

easily pass AC signals but they block DC signals.
 DIODES

Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one

direction.

The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in

which the current can flow.
 TRANSISTORS

They can be used to amplify the small

output current from a logic IC so that
it can operate a lamp, relay or other
high current device.

A transistor may be used as a switch

as an amplifier.
 TRANSFORMER
The transformer is based
on two principles: firstly,
that an electric current
can produce a magnetic
field.
Secondly, the changing
magnetic flux induces a
voltage in the secondary
coil.
 LEDs

LEDs must be connected the correct

way round.

LEDs can be damaged by heat when soldering, but the

small unless you are very slow. No special precautions
are needed for soldering most LEDs.
 IC LM7805

1) INPUT:- In this pin of the IC

positive unregulated voltage is given in regulation.
2) GROUND:-In this pin where the ground is given,
This pin is neutral for equally the input and output.
3) OUTPUT:-The output of the regulated 5V volt is
taken out at this pin of the IC regulator.
FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER
 CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION

 Another type of circuit that produces the same

output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit
above, is that of the full wave bridge rectifier.
This type of single phase rectifier uses four
individual rectifying diodes connected in a
closed loop “bridge” configuration to produce
the desired output.
 The main advantage of the bridge circuit is that it
does not required special center tapped transformer,
there by reducing its size and cost the single
secondary winding is connected to one side of the
diode bridge network and the load to the other side as
shown below.

 The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are arranged in

“series pairs” with only two diode conducting current
during each half cycle. During the positive half cycle
of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conducts in series
while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the
current flows through the load as shown below.
 WAVE FORM OF BRIDGE
RECTIFIER
During both half cycle, current flows through
the load resistor in the same direction. The
voltage across the load resistor is always
positive. The input and output voltage
waveforms of a full-wave rectifier are shown
in figure 5a and figure 5b respectively.
The full-wave rectifier utilizes both half
cycles of the input, which makes it the most
popular rectifier configuration.
WAVE FORM
 If a capacitor is added in parallel with the
load resistor of a rectifier to form a simple
filter circuit, the output of the rectifier will
be transformed into a more stable DC
voltage, figure 6. At the first, the capacitor
is changed to the peak value of the rectifier
waveform.
 Beyond the peak, the capacitor is discharge
through the load resistor until the time at
which the rectified voltage exceed the
capacitor voltage. Then the capacitor is
charge again and the process repeats itself.
 ADVANTAGES

 Use in DC low voltage.

 Save equipment’s from Damage.
 Easy to use.
 Very low cost.
 Simple design.
 Construction is easy.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Delectated circuit
 Cannot use High voltage
 OU
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