You are on page 1of 12

Grammar 1 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Conversations
Matt's Co-worker is asking about his trip

Co-worker: りょこうは たのしかったですか。


ryokouwa tanoshikattadesuka
Was (the) trip fun?
Matt: はい、たのしかったです。
hai, tanoshikattadesu
Yeah, it was fun.

Matt's Co-worker asks about the weather


JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Co-worker: 天気は よかったですか。


tenkiwa yokattadesuka
Was the weather nice?

Matt: いいえ、よくなかったです。
iie, yokunakattadesu
No, it wasn't nice.

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 2

Matt's Co-worker asks about the hotel

Co-worker: ホテルは どうでしたか。


hoteruwa doudeshitaka
How was the hotel?

Matt: りっぱでした。
rippadeshita
It was splendid.

Matt's Co-worker asks about the flight

Co-worker: ひこうきは たいへんでしたか。


hikoukiwa taihendeshitaka
Was the flight terrible?

Matt: いいえ、たいへんでは ありません でした。


iie, taihendewa arimasen deshita
No, it wasn't terrible.

Omiyage
Trip Souvenirs

It's very common to bring back souvenirs that can be


shared by your co-workers when you go on vacation.

In Japan, when you take a trip unique omiyage that you can buy
somewhere it is common to buy when you go on a trip. For ex-
some kind of snack that you can ample, if you visit Kyoto, a common
share with your co-workers. It is omiyage is Nama Yatsuhashi, which
kind of seen as an apology for are triangle-shaped bean paste
leaving work even if you don't 'wraps'. Or you can pick up "Tokyo
actually take any days off. They Bananas" when you visit Tokyo.
typically come in boxes with 8-12 And if you forget to pick up omi-
individually wrapped sweets, so yage on one of the days of your
they can be easily shared with your trip, you can usually pick up some
co-workers, friends or teacher. at most major train stations before
Each area of Japan has its own you head back.

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?


Grammar 3 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

i-adjective polite past form


Affirmative Form:
たのしい → たのし + かった →
tanoshi tanoshi katta

たのしかった + です → たのしかったです
tanoshikatta desu tanoshikattadesu
was fun

Example:
電車は うるさかったです。
denshawa urusakattadesu
The train was loud.

Negative Form:
よい → よ + くない → よくない → よくな + かった →
yoi yo kunai yokunai yokuna katta

よくなかった + です → よくなかったです
yokunakatta desu yokunakattadesu
was not good

Example:
へやは あかるくなかったです
heyawa akarukunakattadesu
The room wasn't bright.

The two adjectives in Japanese, na-adjectives and i-adjectives, are conju-


gated differently for the past tense and to be more polite. You can use
the casual form for situations with your friends or people you know, but
with people that you just met or in slightly formal, business situations,
JLPT Boot Camp Courses

or times when you just want to be a little more polite, it is best to use
the polite form.

For i-adjectives, this is pretty easy to remember just add です (desu) to


the end of the casual tense of the adjective for both a positive and nega-
tive sentence.

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 4

na-adjective polite past form


Affirmative Form:
にぎやか + でした = にぎやかでした
nigiyaka deshita nigiyakadeshita
was lively
Example:
わたしは ひまでした。
watashiwa himadeshita
I was free.

For the past tense of na-adjectives you just have to add でした to the
end.

Negative Formal
にぎやか + では ありません でした → にぎやかでは ありませんでした
nigiyaka dewa arimasen deshita nigiyakadewa arimasendeshita
was not lively

Negative Spoken
にぎやか + では なかったです → にぎやかでは なかったです
nigiyaka dewa nakattadesu nigiyakadewa nakattadesu
was not lively

Example:
イベントは にぎやかでは なかったです。
ibentowa nigiyakadewa nakattadesu
The event wasn't lively.
For the polite negative tense for the na-adjective, it can get a little tricky.
You might have heard or been taught the following form:

。。。ではありませんでした。

The problem with this is that it sounds pretty stiff in real use. Especially
in spoken Japanese. That's why it is more common to use this form
when you are speaking:

。。。ではなかったです。

And use the ありません form for writing.

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?


Grammar 5 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Pairwork
You are asking about your co-worker's vacation. Ask about
each picture.

Example Conversation


A: ホテルは どうでしたか。 A: ホテルは どうでしたか。
あたら
B: きれいでした。 B: 新しくなかったですよ。

1. Partner A, ask about following pictures.

た もの ひと
食べ物 / うまい 人 / おもしろい ちかてつ / べんり

2. Partner B, ask about the following pictures.

ひと
うみ / うつくしい くうこう / きれい 人 / やさしい

3. Ask about more pictures with your partner from your smartphone or
JLPT Boot Camp Courses

another source.

You can form a more polite question by simply adding the か parti-
cle at the end of it. This form is commonly used with co-workers and
people you just met.
Vocabulary: うまい+ (umai) - good; wonderful, ちかてつ (chikatetsu) - sub-
way, うつくしい+ (utsukushii) - beautiful, やさしい (yasashii) - friendly

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 6

Pencil Work

1. Check the correct sentences.
とうきょう たか とうきょう たか
a. □ 東京スカイツリーは 高かったです。 □ 東京スカイツリーは 高いでした。

b. □ さむくないだった。 □ さむくなかったです。
たなか たなか
c. □ 田中さんは げんきでした。 □ 田中さんは げんきで ありません。

d. □ そのホテルは きれいでは ありませんでした。


□ そのホテルは きれいかったです。

2. Choose the best answer for each sentence.


うめだ
a. A「梅田は どうでしたか。」
B「( )。」

1 しずかでは ありました 2 しずかだ

3 しずかでは ありませんでした 4 しずかです

たなか くるま
b. A「田中さんの 車は ふるいですか。」
B「いいえ、 ( )。」

1 ふるいです 2 ふるくなかったですよ
3 ふるくないですよ 4 ふるいでした

c. A「ホテルは どうでしたか。」
B「( )。」

1 きれいでは ありました 2 きれいでは ないです


3 きれいでした 4 きれいです

d. A「グリコマンは どうでしたか。」
B「( )。」
おお おお
1 大きいですよ 2 大きいでした
おお おお
3 大きい 4 大きかったです

Vocabulary: 東京スカイツリー (toukyou) - Tokyo Skytree, しずか (shi-


zuka) - quiet, ふるい (furui) - old, グリコマン (gurikoman) - Glico Man; a
famous Osaka landmark

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?


Grammar 7 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Pairwork (romaji)
You are asking about your friend's vacation. Ask about
each picture.

Example Conversation

A: hoteruwa dodeshitaka. A: hoteruwa doudeshitaka.


B: kireideshita. B: atarashikunakattadesuyo.

1. Partner A, ask about following pictures.


tabemono / umai hito / omoshiroi chikatetsu / benri

2. Partner B, ask about the following pictures.

umi / utsukushii kuukou / kirei hito / yasashii

3. Ask about more pictures with your partner from your smartphone or
another source.
JLPT Boot Camp Courses

You can form a more polite question by simply adding the か parti-
cle at the end of it. This form is commonly used with co-workers and
people you just met.
Vocabulary: うまい+ (umai) - good; wonderful, ちかてつ (chikatetsu) - sub-
way, うつくしい+ (utsukushii) - beautiful, やさしい (yasashii) - friendly

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 8

Pencil Work (romaji)



1. Check the correct sentences.

a. □ toukyousukaitsuriiwa takakattadesu. □ toukyousukaitsuriiwa takaideshita.

b. □ samukunaidatta. □ samukunakattadesu.

c. □ tanakasanwa genkideshita. □ tanakasanwa genkide arimasen.

d. □ sonohoteruwa kireidewa arimasen. □ sonohoteruwa kireikattadesu.

2. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

a. A「umedawa doudeshitaka.」
B「( ).」

1 shizukadewa arimashita 2 shizukada

3 shizukadewa arimasendeshita 4 shizukadesu

b. A「tanakasanno kurumawa furuidesuka.」


B「iie, ( ).」

1 furuidesu 2 furukunakattadesuyo
3 furukunaidesuyo 4 furuideshita

c. A「hoteruwa doudeshitaka.」
B「( ).」
1 kireidewa arimashita 2 kireidewa naidesu
3 kireideshita 4 kireidesu

d. A「gurikomanwa doudeshitaka.」
B「( ).」

1 ookiidesuyo 2 ookiideshita
3 ookii 4 ookikattadesu

Vocabulary: 東京スカイツリー (toukyou) - Tokyo Skytree, しずか (shi-


zuka) - quiet, ふるい (furui) - old, グリコマン (gurikoman) - Glico Man; a
famous Osaka landmark

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?


Grammar 9 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Pairwork Answers
1.
A: 食べ物は どうでしたか。 A: 人は どうでしたか。
tabemonowa doudeshitaka. hitowa doudeshitaka.
How was the food? How were the people?

B: うまくなかったです。 B: おもしろかったです。
umakunakattadesu. omoshirokattadesu.
(It) wasn't very good. (They) were fun.

A: ちかてつは どうでしたか。
chikatetsuwa doudeshitaka.
How was the subway?

B: べんりでした。
benrideshita.
(It) was convenient.

2.
A: うみは どうでしたか。 A: くうこうは どうでしたか。
umiwa doudeshitaka. kuukouwa doudeshitaka.
How was the beach? How was the airport?

B: うつくしかったです。 B: きれいでは ありませんでした。


utsukushikattadesu. kireidewa arimasendeshita.
(It) was beautiful. (It) wasn't pretty.

A: 人は どうでしたか。
hitowa doudeshitaka.
How were the people?
JLPT Boot Camp Courses

B: やさしかったです。
yasashikattadesu.
(They) were nice.

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 10

Pencil Work Answers



1. Check the correct sentences.

a. 東京スカイツリーは 高かったです。
toukyousukaitsuriiwa takattadesu
Tokyo Skytree is tall.
The word 高い, takai is an i-adjective. To form the past we need to cut
the final い off and add かった. To make it polite, we simply need to add
です. でした is usually only used with nouns and na-adjectives.

b. さむくなかったです。
samukunakattadesu
(It) wasn't cold.
The word さむい is another i-adjective. This time we are using the nega-
tive, so we need to first, cut off the final い and add くない, then cut the
い off of that and add かった. to make the whole thing polite, we add で
す. だった is used for the casual past form of na-adjectives.

c. 田中さんは げんきでした。
tanakasanwa genkideshita.
Mr. Tanaka was good.
The word げんき is a na-adjective. To form the past, we simply need to
add でした. To form the polite negative, we can use では ありませんでし
た.
d. そのホテルは きれいでは ありませんでした。
sonohoteruwa kireidewa arimasendeshita.
The hotel wasn't pretty.
The word きれい is a na-adjective. To form the negative past, we simply
need to add では ありませんでした.

Sed velit nunc, hendrerit ut lacinia Nis serum conserum atqui ut mi, te ditet volestibusam
aut ommoluptiae cone mos as id quideliquae voluptatur aspe nonecus eius est, occaestiis
dolum as estio con pro ium fugitas asitat unt Ad quasite nimusti asimus nos invent ut qui
odit utecupis por sant.
Nam inum a volorei ciatio qui comni odi conseque nam, consece ressim volo te ea quate cor-
esse con pa sequam qui reribusaped ut milicto blaccabo. Ut pro quam quo corunt.
Susam, nost, saperovid quam faciasitatur alit exero beaque lam, quam, corro corpos iur,
sundae nobitatque sunto dolore nimil idus repe ped magnimp erciur, nonsequis es vendipit,

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?


Grammar 11 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

2. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

a. 3 - しずかでは ありませんでした

The complete exchange would be:

A「梅田は どうでしたか。」
umedawa doudeshitaka
How was Umeda?

B「しずかでは ありませんでした。」
shizukadewa arimasendeshita
(It) wasn't quiet.

The question is about the past, so we have to match the tense in the
answer. That means we can rule out answer 4. Answer 1 is incorrect
because we usually don't use では with the affirmative, ありました. It is
possible to use answer 2, but it is casual while answer 3 is in polite form.

b. 3 - ふるくないですよ

The complete exchange would be:

A「田中さんの 車は ふるいですか。」
tanakasanno kurumawa furuidesuka
Is Mr.Tanaka's car old?
B「いいえ、 ふるくないですよ。」
iie, furukunaidesuyo
No, (it) is not old.
First, answer 4 is bad form. We usually don't use an i-adjective with で
した. The B part starts with いいえ, so we probably need something
negative. That means answer 1 is incorrect. Finally the question is in
non-past tense, so that means answer 2 can't be the best answer. That
leaves us with answer 3.
JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Episode 3: Polite Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018


JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 12

c. 3 - きれいでした

The complete exchange would be:

A「ホテルは どうでしたか。」
hoteruwa doudeshitaka
How was the hotel?
B「きれいでした。」
kireideshita
(It) was pretty.
The question is about the past, so it can't be answers 2 and 4. Answer 1
is a bad form. So that just leaves answer 3 as the correct answer.

d. 4 - 大きかったです
The complete exchange would be:

A「グリコマンは どうでしたか。」
gurikomanwa doudeshitaka
How was Glico Man?
B「大きかったです。」
ookikattadesu
(It) was big.

Again, the question is about the past, so we can eliminate answer 1.


Answer 2 is incorrect because we can't use i-adjectives with でした. An-
swer 3 is in the casual form, so the best answer is 4 which is in the polite
form.

©Copyright 2018 Got a Question?

You might also like