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Conversations
Yu gets back from her trip to the zoo

Dad: 食べものは おいしかったの。

tabemonowa oishikattano
Was the food delicious?
Yu: ええ、おいしかったよ。
ee, oishikattayo
Yeah, it was delicious.

Dad asks about the weather

Dad: 天気は わるかったの。

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tenkiwa warukattano
Was the weather bad?
Yu: わるくなかったよ。
warukunakattayo
(It) wasn't bad.

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 2

Dad asks about the zoo

Dad: どうぶつえんは にぎやかだったの。

doubutsuenwa nigiyakadattano
Was the zoo lively?
Yu: はい、にぎやかだった。
hai, nigiyakadatta
Yes, (it) was lively.

Dad asks about the cherry blossoms

Dad: さくらは きれいだったの。

sakurawa kireidattano
Were the cherry blossoms pretty?
Yu: いえ、きれいじゃなかったよ。
ie, kireijanakattayo
No, (they) weren't pretty.

Oji Zoo
Kobe, Japan

Located just outside of Kobe, Oji Zoo is home to giant

pandas, elephants and a polar bear exhibit.

Japan is famous for its seasonal
celebrations. In fall, tourists flock to
see the changing fall leaves or go
moon watching. In spring, usually
towards the end of March, tourists
flock to parks to see the beautiful
cherry blossoms.
花見 (hanami), or cherry blossom
viewing parties, usually involve a
lot of drinking and revelry. They
can be quite fun and a good way
to make new friends or blow off
some steam with your workmates.
Osaka castle park in Osaka is
especially well-known as a good
place to have a party.
But, if you'd like a more relaxing
experience, head out of the city
a little way to Oji Zoo. There you
can take in the cherry blossoms as
well as the numerous animals like gi-
ant pandas, koalas, and big cats.
You can find it about a 3 minute
walk from Hankyu "Oji Koen" Station.

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i-adjective casual past form

Affirmative Form:
あまい → あま + かった → あまかった
amai ama katta amakatta
was sweet

Example:
きのうは さむかった。
kinouwa samukatta
Yesterday was cold.

To form the casual past for i-adjectives, just cut off the final い(i), and
add かった (katta).

Negative Form:
あまい → あま + くない → あまくない → あまくな + かった → あまくなかった
amai ama kunai amakunai amakuna katta amakunakatta
was not sweet

Example:
そのカレーは からくなかった
sonokareewa karakunakatta
That curry wasn't spicy.

For the past negative form, you have to convert the i-adjective to the
negative form first, by cutting off the い and adding くない. Then, cut
the い off of that and add かった.
Irregular Forms:
よかった
yokatta
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was good
よくなかった
yokunakatta
wasn't good

There is one irregular, the adjective いい(ii), good, becomes よい(yoi) in

the past.

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 4

na-adjective casual past form

Affirmative Form:
しずか + だった = しずかだった
shizuka datta shizukadatta
was quiet

Example:
そのレストランは りっぱだった。
sonoresutoranwa rippadatta
The restaurant was splendid.

For that past form of na-adjectives. You just have to add だった to the
end of the adjective to form the past.

Negative Form:
しずか + じゃない → しずかじゃない + かった → しずかじゃなかった
shizuka janai shizukajanai katta shizukajanakatta
was not quiet

Example:
なりたは しずかじゃなかった
naritawa shizukajanakatta
Narita wasn't quiet.
For the negative past form, it's very similar to i-adjectives. You first add
じゃない to the end of the adjective. This makes it an i-adjective. To
make it about the past, you simply cut off the い and add かった.

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Grammar 5 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

Pairwork
You are asking about your friend's vacation.
Ask yes/no questions about each picture.

Example Conversation

A: ホテルは りっぱだったの。 A: 食べものは おいしかったの。

B: はい、りっぱだった。 B: いえ、おいしくなかったよ。

1. Partner A, ask about following pictures.

おねえさん / げんき うみ/ あつい ホテル / いい

2. Partner B, ask about the following pictures.

でんしゃ
ひろい / へや 電車 / はやい はし / ながい

3. Ask about more pictures with your partner from your smartphone or
another source.
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You can form a casual yes\no question by simply adding the の

particle at the end of it. This form should only be used with friends
and family, and not in business situations or when meeting someone
for the first time.
Vocabulary: 食べもの (tabemono) - food, おねえさん (oneesan) - older sister,
うみ (umi) - sea; beach, ひろい (hiroi) - wide; spacious, はし (hashi) - bridge

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 6

Pencil Work
なけいようし
1. Circle the words that are な形容詞 (na-adjectives).

ちい
小さい すずしい いや いろいろ

たか しろ
じょうぶ 高い けっこう 白い

2. Check the correct sentences.

a. □ そのパンは おいしくなかった。 □ そのパンは おいしいじゃなかった。

b. □ そのかばんは じょうぶくなかった。 □ そのかばんは じょうぶじゃなかった。

くるま あたら くるま あたら
c. □ その車は 新しいだった。 □ その車は 新しかった。

3. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

a. かれは りょうりが （ ）。
へた へた
１ 下手かった ２ 下手だった
へた へた
３ 下手じゃないだった ４ 下手なかった

b. かのじょは （ ）。

１ おそいだった ２ おそかった
３ おそくなくかった ４ おそいじゃなかった
c. かのじょの へやは （ ）。

１ きれくなかった ２ きれいじゃなくない
３ きれいだった ４ きれいかった

d.かれは （ ）。

１ ひまかった ２ ひまなかった
３ ひまくない ４ ひまじゃなかった

velit nunc, hendrerit ut lacinia Nis serum conserum atqui ut mi, te ditet volestibusam aut
ommoluptiae おもいcone mos as id quideliquae voluptatur aspe nonecus eius est, occaestiis do-
Vocabulary: ちいさい (chiisai) - small, すずしい (suzushii) - cool; refresh-
ing, いや (iya) - disagreeable; no, いろいろ (iroiro) - various, じょうぶ (jou-
bu) - sturdy, けっこう (kekkou) - nice; enough, ひま (hima) - free; available

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Pairwork (romaji)
You are asking about your friend's vacation.
Ask yes/no questions about each picture.

Example Conversation

A: hoteruwa rippadattano. A: tabemonowa oishikattano.

B: hai, rippadatta. B: ie, oishikunakattayo.

1. Partner A, ask about following pictures.

oneesan / genki umi / atsui hoteru / ii

2. Partner B, ask about the following pictures.

hiroi / heya densha / hayai hashi / nagai

3. Ask about more pictures with your partner from your smartphone or
another source.
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You can form a casual yes\no question by simply adding the の

particle at the end of it. This form should only be used with friends
and family, and not in business situations or when meeting someone
for the first time.
Vocabulary: 食べもの (tabemono) - food, おねえさん (oneesan) - older
sister, ひろい (hiroi) - wide; spacious, はし (hashi) - bridge

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 8

Pencil Work (romaji)

1. Circle the words that are nakeiyoushi (na-adjectives).

chiisai suzushii iya iroiro

joubu takai kekkou shiroi

2. Check the correct sentences.

a. □ sonopanwa oishikunakatta.
□ sonopanwa oishiijanakatta.

b. □ sonokabanwa joubukunakatta.
□ sonokabanwa joubujanakatta.

c. □ sonokurumawa atarashiidatta.
□ sonokurumawa atarashikatta.

3. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

a. karewa ryouriga （ ）.

１ hetakatta ２ hetadatta
３ hetajanaidatta ４ hetanakatta

b. kanojowa （ ）.

１ osoidatta ２ osokatta
３ osokunakukatta ４ osoijanakatta

c. kanojono heyawa （ ）.

１ kirekunakatta ２ kireijanakunai
３ kireidatta ４ kireikatta

d. karewa （ ）.

１ himakatta ２ himanakatta
３ himakunai ４ himajanakatta

Vocabulary: ちいさい (chiisai) - small, すずしい (suzushii) - cool; refresh-

ing, いや (iya) - disagreeable; no, いろいろ (iroiro) - various, じょうぶ (jou-
bu) - sturdy, けっこう (kekkou) - nice; enough, ひま (hima) - free; available

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Pairwork Answers
1.
A: おねえさんは げんきだったの。 A: うみは あつかったの。
oneesanwa genkidattano. umiwa atsukattano.
Is your older sister well? Was the beach hot?

B: はい、げんきだった。 B: いえ、さむかったよ。
hai, genkidatta. ie, samukattayo.
Yes, (she) was well. No, (it) was cold.

A: ホテルは よかったの。
hoteruwa yokattano.
Was the hotel nice?

B: はい、ホテルは よかった。
hai, hoteruwa yokatta.
Yes, the hotel was nice.

2.
A: へやは ひろかったの。 A: 電車は はやかったの。
heyawa hirokattano. denshawa hayakattano.
Was the room spacious? Was the train fast?

B: いえ、へやは ひろくなかったよ。 B: いえ、電車は はやくなかったよ。

ie, heyawa hirokunakattayo. ie, denshawa hayakunakattayo.
No, it wasn't spacious. No, the train wasn't fast.

A: はしは 長かったの。
hashiwa nagakattano.
Was the bridge long?
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B: はい、はしは 長かった。
hai, hashiwa nagakatta.
Yes, the bridge was long.

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 10

Pencil Work Answers

なけいようし
1. Circle the words that are な形容詞 (na-adjectives).

ちい
小さい すずしい いや いろいろ

たか しろ
じょうぶ 高い けっこう 白い

2. Check the correct sentences.

a. そのパンは おいしくなかった。
sonopanwa oishikunakatta
The bread wasn't delicious.
The word おいしい is an i-adjective. To form the negative, we remove
the い and add くない. Then to form the past tense, we cut the い off of
that and add かった. The other answer - パンは おいしじゃなかった, is
actually how you form the past negative tense for na-adjectives.

b. そのかばんは じょうぶじゃなかった。
sonokabanwa joubujanakatta
The bag wasn't sturdy.
The word じょうぶ is a na-adjective. To form the negative past, we need
to first change the na-adjective to negative by adding じゃない. Then, we
cut off the final い and add かった.

c. その車は 新しかった。
sonokurumawa atarashikatta.
The car was new.
The word 新しい is an i-adjective. To form the past, we simply need to
remove the final い and add かった.

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Grammar 11 JLPT Boot Camp Courses

3. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

a. 2 - 下手だった

The complete sentence would be:

へた
かれは りょうりが 下手だった。
karewa ryouriga hetadatta.
His cooking is unskilled / bad.
The word 下手, unskilled, is a na-adjective. To form the past for na-ad-
jectives, we simply add だった.

b. 2 - おそかった

The complete sentence would be:

かのじょは おそかった。
kanojowa osokatta.
She was late.
The word おそい, late or slow, is an i-adjective. To form the past, remove
the final い and add かった.

c. ３ - きれいだった

The complete sentence would be:

かのじょの へやは きれいだった。

kanojono heyawa kireidatta.
Her room is well-kept / pretty.
The word きれい is a na-adjective. In order to form the past, we simply
add だった.

d. ４ - ひまじゃなかった
The complete sentence would be:
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かれは ひまじゃなかった。
karewa himajanakatta.
He wasn't free.
The word ひま is a na-adjective. To form the past negative, we need to
first change the na-adjective to negative by adding じゃない. Then, cut
the final い off and add かった to form the past.

Episode 2: Past Tense Adjectives ©Copyright 2018

 JLPT Boot Camp Courses Adjectives 12

Additional Notes:

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