DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MOTORISED JACK

BY

PHILIPS OGHENEYOLE PRECIOUS

ENG1805687

DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

NOVEMBER 2023
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
JOURNALS ON MOTORISED JACKS

FROM INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS OF ADVANCE IN ENGINEERING

RESEARCHES

When a vehicle's tire fails, it becomes a very difficult task for someone to lift the car
from the ground. Even with the use of a jack, a lot of time and effort is required. The
main intention is to reduce the manual work and save time during the replacement of the
failed tire.

A jack is a mechanical device used to lift heavy loads or apply great forces. Jacks
employ a screw thread or hydraulic cylinder to apply very high linear forces. A
mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most common form is a
carjack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance can be
performed. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater
distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for a maximum lifting capacity (for
example, 1.5 tons or 3 tons).

TYPES OF JACKS

We have different types of jacks. Which are:

1. Screw jacks
2. Hydraulic jacks
3. Scissors jacks
4. Floor jacks
5. Pallet jacks
6. Bottle jacks, etc.

Screw jack is a device that uses a screw thread to lift or lower heavy loads. It
consists of a threaded rod (screw) and a mechanism to turn it, such as a handle. When
the handle is turned, the screw moves through a nut, and this action either raises or
lowers the load depending on the direction of rotation. Screw jacks are commonly used
to lift cars, support structures, or for any application where a mechanical advantage is
needed to lift or move heavy objects.

Hydraulic jack is a device that uses fluid (usually oil) to lift heavy loads. It consists
of a cylinder, a piston, and hydraulic fluid. When force is applied to the piston, it pushes
against the hydraulic fluid, creating pressure. This pressure then acts on a larger piston,
providing a mechanical advantage and lifting the load. Hydraulic jacks are commonly
used to lift cars, trucks, and other heavy objects. They are popular because they can lift
substantial weights with relatively little effort from the person operating the jack.

Scissors jack is a simple mechanical device used for lifting heavy objects, such as
vehicles. It consists of two interconnected metal arms that resemble the shape of a pair
of scissors. The arms are connected at a pivot point, and a screw mechanism is located
at this pivot point. When the screw is turned, it causes the arms to open or close,
creating a lifting action. The bottom of the jack is placed under the object to be lifted,
and as the screw is turned, the arms extend, lifting the object. Scissors jacks are
commonly found in cars for changing tires because they are compact, portable, and easy
to use.

PRINCIPLE OF A JACK

The principle behind a jack, whether it's a screw jack, hydraulic jack, or scissors jack,
involves the application of force to lift heavy objects. The key idea is to use a
mechanical advantage to make lifting easier.

1. Screw Jack:

 Principle: Utilizes the rotation of a screw to lift or lower a load.

 Operation: When the screw is turned, it moves through a threaded nut.

This movement either pushes two connected parts apart (lifting) or
brings them closer together (lowering), depending on the direction of
rotation.

2. Hydraulic Jack:

 Principle: Relies on the incompressibility of hydraulic fluid to transmit

force and lift a load.
  Operation: When force is applied to a small piston by pumping a handle
or using some other means, it creates pressure in the hydraulic fluid. This
pressure is then transmitted to a larger piston, providing a mechanical
advantage and lifting the load.

3. Scissors Jack:

 Principle: Employs the mechanical advantage of a scissor-like

mechanism to lift heavy objects.

 Operation: When a force (usually applied manually) is exerted to open

the arms of the scissor jack, it causes the jack to rise. The geometry of
the scissor mechanism amplifies the force, allowing it to lift a heavy
load.

In all cases, the basic principle involves transforming an applied force into a mechanical
advantage that can overcome the weight or resistance of the load, making it easier to lift
or lower heavy objects.

PRINCIPLE OF A MOTORISED JACK

A motorized jack, sometimes referred to as an electric or motorized hydraulic jack,

combines the principles of a hydraulic jack with the addition of an electric motor for
automated lifting. Here's a breakdown of its principle:

 Hydraulic System: Like a traditional hydraulic jack, a motorized jack

incorporates a hydraulic system. This includes a cylinder, piston, and hydraulic
fluid. The hydraulic fluid is still used to transmit force and lift the load.

 Electric Motor: The motorized aspect involves the addition of an electric

motor. This motor is responsible for automating the lifting process. It eliminates
the need for manual effort to turn a handle or pump.

 Controls: The user typically operates the motorized jack using controls. These
controls allow the user to activate the electric motor, which in turn applies force
to the hydraulic system.
  Automation: The electric motor provides the power to raise or lower the load
with the push of a button or flip of a switch. This automation makes the lifting
process more convenient and efficient compared to manual jacks.

 Versatility: Motorized jacks are often more versatile than manual jacks, as they
can be controlled more precisely and may include additional features such as
height adjustment and safety mechanisms.

In summary, the principle of a motorized jack involves combining the hydraulic lifting
mechanism with an electric motor to automate the lifting process. The electric motor
provides the power needed to raise or lower the load, and controls enable the user to
operate the jack more conveniently.

COMPONENTS OF A MOTORISED HYDRAULIC JACK

A motorized hydraulic jack typically consists of several components that work together
to provide automated lifting using hydraulic power. The specific design and
components may vary among different models and manufacturers, but here are the
common elements you can find in a hydraulic motorized jack:

1. Electric Motor:

 This is the primary power source for the jack. The electric motor
provides the energy needed to drive the hydraulic pump, initiating the
hydraulic lifting process. Electric motor converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. When power is supplied, the electric motor generates
rotational motion. This rotary motion is then transferred to the hydraulic
pump.

2. Hydraulic Pump:

 The hydraulic pump is driven by the electric motor and is responsible for
pressurizing the hydraulic fluid. This pressurized fluid is crucial for
lifting the load. It converts mechanical energy from the electric motor
into hydraulic energy.
3. Hydraulic Cylinder:

 The hydraulic cylinder is where the actual lifting action takes place.
When pressurized hydraulic fluid enters the cylinder, it pushes a piston,
which in turn raises the load. It converts hydraulic energy into linear
mechanical force.

4. Piston:

 The piston is part of the hydraulic cylinder and is pushed by the

pressurized hydraulic fluid. As the piston moves, it lifts the load attached
to the jack. It transforms hydraulic pressure into mechanical work.

5. Valves:

 Hydraulic valves control the flow of hydraulic fluid within the system.
There may be different valves for controlling the direction of fluid flow,
pressure relief, and other aspects of the hydraulic system.

6. Reservoir:

 The reservoir holds the hydraulic fluid. It ensures that an adequate

supply of fluid is available for the hydraulic system to function properly.

7. Control Panel or Remote Control:

 A control panel or remote-control device allows the user to operate the

motorized jack. It includes switches, buttons, or other controls for
activating the electric motor and controlling the lifting process.

8. Frame and Structure:

 The frame provides the structural support for the jack and houses the
hydraulic components. It also includes the mechanism for attaching the
load to be lifted.

9. Safety Features:
  Motorized jacks often include safety features such as overload
protection, emergency stop buttons, and other mechanisms to ensure safe
operation.

It's important to note that the specific design and features of motorized hydraulic jacks
can vary, and some models may include additional components or features depending
on their intended use and capacity. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions and
guidelines for proper use and maintenance.

COMPONEENTS OF A MOTORISED SCREW JACK

1. D.C Motor
2. Power screw
3. Spur gear
4. Battery
5. Switch
6. Remote control

OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MOTORISED JACK

The objectives are as follows:

i. To increase the simplicity of a jack operation.

ii. To avoid manual power for operating the jack.
iii. To reduce cost and to make it commercially viable for all people.
iv. To save time in lifting operations
v. To enhance safety by reducing the risk of injury associated with manual lifting.
It provides a controlled and stable lifting mechanism.

SCOPE OF THE DESIGN AND FABRICATIONOF A MOTORISED JACK

The present research is focused on a motorized jack. It encompasses various aspects

related to the development, implementation, and potential applications of the device.
The scope involves:
 i. Determining the range of load the motorized jack should be able to lift,
specifying the minimum and maximum weight capacities to ensure the jack
meets various lifting requirements.
ii. Deciding the power scope of the motorized jack such as electric power
hydraulic systems or other energy sources.
iii. Defining its purpose, capabilities, safety features, construction materials, cost
considerations, compliance with standards, testing procedures, maintenance
requirements, and environmental considerations(energy efficiency and
recyclability). This comprehensive approach ensures the development of a
functional, safe, and reliable motorized jack for its intended applications.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Kevin Simmonds, Lovedale Crescent et.al. (NOV 30, 1999) [1] As the report suggests
after conclusion A motorized jack reduces the amount of labour needed to lift a
vehicle. The motorized jack includes a housing with a motor provided in the housing.
A threaded shaft is also provided in the housing. The top end of the threaded Shaft is
upwardly extended through a hole in the top of the housing. A ring gear is disposed
around the threaded shaft. The ring gear has a toothed inner perimeter engaging the
threaded shafts. An interconnected Set of gears is provided in the housing to connect
the ring gear to a rotating shaft of the motor. A lifting head is coupled to the top end of
the threaded shaft.

Dennis E. Farmer et.al. (May 29, 2001) [2] an automatic jack and wheel change system
having at least one inverted jack driven by an electric motor permanently attached to
the vehicle. The System may employ a jack disposed between the front and rear
wheels on each side of the vehicle, or it may be equipped with a jack at each of the
four wheels. The system also features a novel wheel and hub-axle assembly featuring a
split axle whose length may be adjusted by the operation of an electric motor. The hub
has a plurality of arms extending from the hub in a star shape, each arm having a finger
at its free end. The wheel has a plurality of slots defined therein so that the wheel may
be removed by aligning the slots with the arms on the hub and pulling the wheel off
when the axle is extended, and a plurality of holes defined therein for receiving the
fingers to lock the wheel on the hub when the axle is retracted. Both the motor for
raising the jack and the motor for adjusting the length of the axle may be operated by
remote control.