Relative Pronouns

Subject-relative Pronouns
Who (People) Emma is a girl.
Emma likes to
read.
Emma is a girl who
likes to read.
To combine (Subject: Emma)
sentences The book is very
useful.
Which The book has 365
(Things) pages.
The book which is
very useful has 365
pages.
Subject: The book
That Emma is a girl that
likes to read.
(Everything) The book that is
very useful has 365
pages.

Object relative pronouns

Who (People) There’s the boy.
You really like
him.
There’s the boy
who you really
To combine like.
sentences There’s the boy you
really like.
Which The film was good.
We watched it.
(Things) The film which we
watched was good.
The film we
watched was good.
That There’s the boy
that you really like.
(Everything)
 The film that we
watched was good.

Time and place

When Time 2020 is the
year when
Covid-19 hit
Malaysia.
Where Place Malaysia is the
place where I
was born.

Subject-relative Object-relative
Pronoun Pronoun
The word after who/ The word after who/
which/ that, is which/ that, is:
a verb. 动词 - NOT a verb.
- a noun 名词 Or
- a pronoun. 代词
Subject-relative Object-relative
Pronouns CANNOT be Pronouns CAN be
dropped. dropped.
The apple which is The apple which he
lying (verb) on the (pronoun) lay on the
table is red. table is red.
The apple lying on the The apple he
table is red. X (pronoun) lay on the
table is red.
You’re the person who You’re the person who
spoke (verb) to Suzy. Suzy (noun) spoke to.
You’re the person You’re the person Suzy
spoke to Suzy. X (noun) spoke to.