2018‐09‐08

SYSTEM EFFECT
Jye Teoh, Kruger Ventilation Asia

Contents
What is System Effect
Installation Guideline
Installations from site

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Introduction

(CUSTOMER)

...I have some trouble with your fan as it does not have
sufficient flow and pressure as per designed…

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(CUSTOMER)
I ordered 3000 cfm 1 in-wg. Fan
but measured performance at site
is 2000 cfm 0.75 in-wg

(FAN MAUFACTURER)

Our fan of course have no fault..... our products are

certified by AMCA

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Causes of Deficiency In Performance

System resistance miscalculated /change in

system resistance
Fan not properly selected.
Defective fan (or fan rating).
System effect.

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Fan Manufacturer’s Responsibility

 Provide accurate fan performance ratings.

 Provide a fan built in accordance to AMCA
tolerance so that it is capable of meeting its
rating.

Ductwork Example

System Effect caused by Fan Inlet and Outlet Conditions

10 System Resistance

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What is System Effect

Defines methods of testing

aerodynamic performance for
rating

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What is System Effect

 Fan ratings are established using AMCA 210

standards and are tested in laboratory
conditions.
 Fan installation in actual systems are often less
than ideal.
 The difference in performance for the same
fan tested in both conditions is the “System
Effect”.

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What is System Effect

 The difference in performance between a fan

tested in the laboratory and one tested in a
real installation.

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What is System Effect

 Fans in actual systems are often less than ideal.

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What is System Effect

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Why System Effect is Important?

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Normal System Performance

1
Design pressure

Calculated duct system curve

Fan curve

Design volume
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Deficient Performance With System Effect

System effect at actual
flow volume
 Operating point is at point 3
 Operating point is not on fan
curve!

1 Calculated duct system

Design pressure

3
with no allowance for
system effect

Original fan curve

18 Design volume Deficient volume

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Correcting For System Effect

System effect at actual Actual duct system with
flow volume system effect

Calculated duct system

with no allowance for
2
system effect

System effect loss at

4 design volume
1
Design pressure

3 New fan curve

Original fan curve

Design volume Deficient volume

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AMCA Publication 201-02

 The Guide on system

effects
Generated from ASHRAE
funded research

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AMCA Publication 201-02

 Aimed primarily at the fan system designer

There are two goals:

Avoid poor fan system configurations
When optimum conditions cannot be met, use
the “system effect” factors to estimate any
losses during system design.

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When to consider system effect

 Minimum 2.5 duct diameters on Outlet

Minimum 3 - 5 duct diameters on Inlet
Avoid inlet swirl

If any of these general rules are broken, make

sure to take system effect into account.

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Installation Guideline

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Fan Inlet Layout

Centrifugal Not Recommended

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Fan Inlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

26 Eccentric inlet flow

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Fan Inlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

27
Spinning of air at inlet connection

Fan Inlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

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Fan Inlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

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Fan Inlet-Outlet Layout

Axial
Not Recommended Recommended

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Fan Inlet Layout

Axial
Not Recommended Recommended

Inlet cones
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Fan Outlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

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Pressure Recovery

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Fan Outlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

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Fan Outlet Layout

Centrifugal
Not Recommended Recommended

Bends on fan Outlet

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ENCLOSURES

• Fan in Plenum with Non‐Symmetrical Inlet

• Plenum and Cabinet Effects

• Parallel installation of
axial flow fan

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Fan Air Direction

Axial

Not Recommended Recommended

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Duct Branches

• Avoid location of split or duct branch close to fan discharge.

• Provide a straight section of duct to allow for air diffusion.

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Duct Branches

Not Recommended Recommended

L>3D

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Duct Branches

Duct
Not Recommended Recommended

39 Changing direction of airflow

Typical HVAC Unit Connection

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Typical HVAC Unit Connection

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Typical HVAC Unit Connection

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Examples of installation from site

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Poor Outlet

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Frequently fault

Outlet Conditions
 elbows too close to fan outlet
 abrupt transitions
 free discharge
 damper location
 weather hoods
 discharge guards
 discharge too close to wall or bulkhead
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1
3

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

B
C

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Before After

Air flow less designed 15% Equal designed air flow

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Poor Inlet

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Frequently fault

Inlet Conditions
 elbows too close to fan inlet
 abrupt duct transition
 inlet spin due to duct design
 dampers not fully open
 damper locations
 poorly designed guards
 inlet too close to walls or bulkhead
 inlet boxes
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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Not Recommended

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Recommended

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Recommended

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Poor Inlet & Poor Outlet

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fault Fixed

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Fair Installation

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Good Installation

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Energy conservation strategy

Energy conservation in fan is just a part of the system energy conservation:

1 2 3 4
Wide
Technical
product Proper
High support – to
range – to ensure a system
efficient
fan meet good match design and
different of fan and TAB
operation system
point
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Thank you

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