CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY II

CHAPTER 2
PRELIMINARY WORKS
2.3 Remedies (Cont’d)
Ø Underpinning
 Transferring the load carried by a foundation from
its existing bearing level to a NEW level at a lower
depth
 For replacing an existing weak foundation
 Uneven settlement
 Increase in loading
 Lowering of adjacent ground
 Traditional underpinning
 Jack pile underpinning
2.3 Remedies (Cont’d)

Ø Jack pile underpinning

 This method can be used when the depth of a
suitable bearing capacity subsoil is too deep to make
traditional underpinning uneconomic
 Jack pile underpinning is quiet, vibration free and
flexible since the pile depth can be adjusted to suit
subsoil conditions encountered
 The existing foundation must be in a good condition
since they will have to span over the pile caps which
are cast onto the jack pile heads after the hydraulic
jacks have been removed
2.3 Remedies (Cont’d)
Ø Jack pile underpinning
2.4 Temporary Works
Ø Earth drain & culvert
• Temporary drain excavated alongside the road
or building site
• Reinforced concrete monsoon drain may be
required
• Culvert – constructed under road
Ø Access road
• Normally as a temporary access to the building
site during the construction period
• May be upgraded to permanent road &
handover to the local council
2.4 Temporary Works (Cont’d)
Ø Shoring
• A form of temporary support which can be given
to existing buildings with the primary function of
providing the necessary precautions to avoid
damage to any person from collapse of structure
• Raking shore – used to support a combination of
vertical and horizontal loadings
• Flying shore (Single & Double) – to give a clear
working space at ground level
• Dead shoring - used primarily to carry vertical
loadings
Raking shore
Flying shore
Dead shore
2.4 Temporary Works (Cont’d)
Ø Shoring
 To give support to walls which are dangerous or likely
to become unstable due to subsidence, bulging or
leaning
 To avoid failure of sound walls caused by the removal
of subjacent support when a basement is being
constructed
 During demolition works to give support to an adjacent
building or structure
 To support the upper part of wall during formation of a
large opening in the lower section of the wall
 To give support to a floor or roof to enable a support
wall to be removed and replaced by a beam