UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
COMPUTER
ENGINEERING
3rd year section 5
Project of INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TITLE: PAM
GROUP MEMBERS NAME ID N0.
1. ZEMEN TESHAGER_______________________________5093/08

2. YAYEH BELAYNEH_______________________________5033/08

3. WORKINEH TAYE_________________________________6040/08

4. SAMUEL GIZACHEW_______________________________07453/09

5. FASIL NIGUSSIE______________________________07462/09
Submitted to: D.r Anand
Submission date: JUN-03-2018
 Acknowledgement
This work would not have been possible without the support of our instructor,
D.r Anand. He provide us guidance and taught us a great deal about this project
and communication system in general.

Nobody has been more important in pursuit of this project than our classmates
and friends, Zekariyas, Dawit and Ayenew.

Thank you!
 Abstract
This simulation system generates pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation
for the given inputs from the keyboard. Those inputs are the carrier frequency,
message frequency and sampling frequency and the system accepts the valid inputs
only.

This simulation code helps the user to easily generate and observe the pulse
amplitude modulation and demodulation. This MATLAB system provides a user
the way to change the carrier, message and sampling frequencies so that he/she
could observe the pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation signal generated
for those different input values.

This simulation accepts a sampling frequency which is greater than the band width
i.e Fs>2*Fm only.
 Contents
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
CAHPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………1
1.1 Objective of the project ………………………………2

CAHPTER 2 CIRCUIT DESIGN…………………………………...3

2.1 Software used………….…………………………………………... 3

2.2 Simulation flowchart description…………………………………... 3

2.3 Simulation source code……………………………………………..4

CAHPTER 3 SIMULATION OUTPUT……………………………5

CAHPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……7
4.1 Conclusion…………………………………………….7
4.2 Recommendation………………………………………7

REFERENCE
 List of figures and chars
Page.
Fig 1: Pulse amplitude modulation signal 1
Fig 2: Demodulation of PAM signal 2
Fig 3: Simulation flow chart diagram 3
Fig 4: The page to insert input frequency 4
Fig 5: The page appeared when ‘Generate’ pushbutton pushed 5
Fig 6: The page with the generated signals 6
 CAHPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This project deals about the simulation of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM).
Today communication is the heart of the technology. Communication is achieved
over a transmitter and a receiver through signals. These signals carry the
information through modulation. Pulse Amplitude Modulation is one of the kinds
of modulation techniques used in signal transmission. Pulse amplitude modulation
is the simplest form of modulation. It is Analog to digital conversion method
where the message information is encoded in the amplitude of the series of signal
pulses. It is one of several forms of single modulation in which data is transmitted
through varying the amplitude of pulse in regular timed sequence of electrical or
electromagnetic pulse.

Fig 1: pulse amplitude modulation signal

For demodulation of PAM signal, the PAM signal is fed to the low pass filter. The
low pass filter eliminates the high-frequency ripples and generates the
demodulated signal. This signal is then applied to the inverting amplifier to
amplify its signal level to have the demodulated output with almost equal
amplitude with the modulating signal

Fig 2: Demodulation of PAM signal

Applications of PAM
 It is used in Ethernet communication.
 It is used in many micro-controllers for generating the control signals.
 It is used in Photo-biology.
 It is used as an electronic driver for LED lighting

1.1 Objective of the project

The main objective of this project is to simulate a pulse amplitude modulation

and demodulation using MATLAB software and demonstrate the ideas behind
pulse amplitude modulation.

CAHPTER 2
 CIRCUIT DESIGN

2.1 Software used

We used MATLAB software version R2017a to simulate this project and we use
MS-Word to write the documentation and MS-PowerPoint to prepare the
presentation.

2.2 Simulation flow chart diagram

Start

Enter
Fc, Fs and Fm

____________________________

Reset Generate Exit

Sampling,
Message ,Modula
ted and
Demodulated

_________________________

Reset Exit
fig3: Simulation flow chart

2.3 Simulation source code

End
Among the other codes for the callback of different GUI components the following
is the basic one to generate the modulation and demodulation of PAM.

 This code is mainly applied on our ‘show’ pushbutton

fc=getappdata(0,'fc');
fm=getappdata(0,'fm');
fs=getappdata(0,'fs'); % which is the sampling frequency
% the sampling frequency is a pulse train
% Fs increases the resolution of the the simulation
t=1; % which is the time period in which we want to simulation
n=[0:1/fs:t]; % the x-axis division

n=n(1:end -1); % the number of cycle for one second duration

duty=20; % a duty cycle of the signals

s=square(2*pi*fc*n,duty); %a squre wave sampling frequency

s(find(s<0))=0; % a square wave with a given duty cycle

m=sin(2*pi*fm*n); % the message signal
period_samp=length(n)/fc;
ind=[1:period_samp:length(n)];
on_samp=ceil(period_samp*duty/100);
pam=zeros(1,length(n));
for i=1:length(ind)
pam(ind(i):ind(i)+on_samp)=m(ind(i));
end
% the following code plots the respective signal with defined axes
axes(handles.axespam);
plot(n,pam)
ylim([-1.2 1.2]);
grid on
hold on;

axes(handles.axesm);
plot(n,m)
ylim([-1.2 1.2]);
grid on
hold on;
axes(handles.axesc);
ylim([0 1.0]);
plot(n,s)
grid on
hold on
axes(handles.axesdpam)
plot(n,m)
ylim([-1.2 1.2]);
grid on
hold off
CAHPTER 3
SIMULATION OUTPUT
During the time of running our simulation code, the first page appears with
text fields to insert the outputs require to generate the PAM signal.
This page contains three edit text fields (Carrier frequency edit text field,
Message frequency edit text field and Sampling frequency edit text field).
And three pushbuttons (Generate, reset and exit pushbutton).
Each pushbutton coded for specific function.
Reset: to reset the input frequency values
Exit: to close the current figure
Generate: to generate the signals for inserted frequency values

Fig 4: the page to insert input frequency

Entering the desired frequency values in each text fields and pushing the
‘Generate’ push button will give the interface with axes for carrier signal,
message signal, modulated signal and demodulated signal with other three
pushbuttons with their coded function.
Show: to show the generated signals
Back: to return to the previous figure
Exit: to close the current figure
 Fig 5: the page appear when generate push button is pushed

Now pushing the show pushbutton will give as the signals generated as
follows

CAHPTER 4
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION

From this project we can see that PAM is easy to generate and having generating
signal wave forms in system softwares like MATLAB is the better way and as
important is the PAM modulation/demodulation it has to be generated for easy use
and applications.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

We recommend for the users to use the system in appropriate ways and to be
familiar with MATLAB.

We recommend to use this system for PAM generation.