Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication

(GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier

A Research Proposal Presented to

the Faculty of the Senior High School Department

FLORES INTEGRATED SCHOOL

Flores, San Manuel, Pangasinan

S.Y. 2023-2024

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of the Subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

BY:

ROQUE, ROSE ANN F.

JAPSON, KRISTINE JOY E.
PEREZ, SOPHIA MAE COLEEN
GUIEB, LOVE JIYEON P.
JUAN, ROMA ELIJAH A.
AQUE, LYKA MAE S.
VALDEZ, KRISTEL ANN P.
APALLA, RACEL I.
APOLONIO, PRINCESS ANGELA
ORTIZ, PRINCESS NICOLE T.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

Background of The Study……………………………………………………………………… 1

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………………4

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………………. 5

Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………………………….6

Hypothesis.....................................................................................................................................7

Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………………..7

Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………..7

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………….8

CHAPTER II

Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………..10

Research Design…………………………………………………………………………………10

Population and Locale…………………………………………………………………………..10

Data gathering Instrument………………………………………………………………………..11

Data Gathering Producers………………………………………………………………………..11

Statistical Treatment of Data……………………………………………………………………12

Ethical Consideration…………………………………………………………………………….14
CHAPTER III

Result and Discussion…………………………………………………………………………15

Interpretation of the Trial Conducted………………………………………………………….15

Profile of Respondents…………………………………………………………………………16

Statement of the Problems……………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER IV

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Attendance is used to count the number of people present at a certain place or event

(Bansal et.,al 2013). Student attendance is important in justifying a student's academic

performance. In today’s society, checking and maintaining the attendance of the students and

pupils are a crucial work for the teachers (Azhar, 2023). The attendance of the students was

recently viewed as one of the most important aspects in a school (Taxila, 2013). It is an

important factor in people management. Having a good attendance system is a must to monitor a

student’s record. It also is used to track and see the student’s development in terms of academic

availability.

Currently, in most institutes student’s attendance is recorded by the lecturer in the paper

attendance register. Taking the attendance records of students manually can be a difficult task as

it wastes a lot of time. This approach has several disadvantages, such as data not being available

for analysis because paper records are not uploaded to a centralized system, time spent collecting

data reduces effective lecture time, and fake attendance by students. Today’s advances in

information technology are often used to improve user comfort, speed up and make operations

more efficient. Most school principals are annoyed by the irregular attendance of students.

Absences can affect the student as a whole academic success (Ula et. al 2021). A study published

by International Journal of Psychological Studies found that a good academic performance was

associated with good attendance (Montauban,2023). Students are more likely to succeed in the
future by not missing opportunities. According to Tran (2022) the majority of parents

acknowledge the actuality that their children cannot excel in class without them attending school.

Skipping or not attending classes might stop students from acquiring academic success, leading

to being unable to become financially successful.

According to a news conducted (Cortez,2023) in Davao City, Philippines, Students are

reportedly found loitering around the city during school hours. This incident alarmed the Davao

City Mayor Sara Duterte. She described the roaming students as senior high looking and college

students. The mayor stated that a group of them was seen in one area of the city and is violating

quarantine guidelines. According to (NCES, 2021) parents have the right to check and verify the

accuracy of education records, just like postsecondary students do.

The planned strategy was to implement a prototype system that has proven its

effectiveness and efficiency in reducing consumer workload presence as a result of system

automation with RFID technology (Hasan et. Al, 2017). RFID technology stands for Radio

Frequency Identification, which can be a powerful tool to help manage student attendance during

the workday (Agrawal, 2013). A system with hardware nodes based on RFID technology was

illustrated by Zhang Yuru, Chen Delong, and Tan Liping. The systems design greatly increases

productivity and decreases resource waste in both human and material terms (Zhang et.,Al 3013).

RFID technology also helps improve classroom security (Singla,2013).

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications and is an open digital

cellular technology used to deliver voice and data services to mobile devices. It uses narrowband
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) technology to transmit signals (Java, 2013). This could

be the solution to the problem of parents who struggle to stay in touch with their children during

school days.

The main goal of the RFID and GSM-based Attendance System project is to track the

attendance of students. Parents or guardians are notified (Aravindhan et.,al 2021). To put an end

to the problems in the manual attendance system. Its ability to identify each person based on

their RFID card makes taking attendance easier, faster, and more secure than the traditional

manual method (Chandramohan et.,al 2017).

After combining all the above information, the researchers decided to conduct a study on

RFID & GSM-based attendance system. As a result, they decided to put the efficiency and

effectiveness of the RFID & GSM-based attendance system to daily attendance-taking.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

REAL TIME CLOCK GSM MODULE

SENSOR (SIM900A) RFID SENSOR

LED (GREEN&RED) ARDUINO NANO

LIQUID
SENDING SMS
CRYSTAL
MESSAGE
DISPLAY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to create a technologically way on taking the daily attendance of the

students. It aims to specifically answer the following questions:

1. What is the Demographic Profile of the Respondents? In terms of;

a. Age; and

b. Sex?

2. How long does it take for the “Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for

Mobile Communication (GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier to detect and take

action? In terms of the following,

a. LED;

b. Display; and

c. Text Message?

3. How accurate can the “Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID) and Global System for

Mobile Communication (GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier” be in terms of the

following;

a. Detection of RFID Tag;

b. Sending of text messages?

4. What is the level of acceptability of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global

System for Mobile Communication (GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier? In

terms of;

a. Physical Appearance;

b. Quality;

c. Usability; and

d. Durability?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and the

level of acceptability of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for

Mobile Communication (GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of our study is to promote the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) - Based Attendance System with SMS

Notifier.

It specifically aimed to:

1. To develop an attendance system that is more effective and efficient with the use of Radio

Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).

2. To determine the efficacy of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) & Global System for

Mobile Communication (GSM) - Based Attendance System with SMS Notifier to Flores

Integrated School (FIS).

HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents

and the level of acceptability of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System

for Mobile Communication (GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the use of RFID and GSM in order to

develop an attendance monitoring system that can monitor the student’s arrival from the school

premises. The purpose of this study is to create and design and technologically way on taking the

daily attendance of the students. attendance-taking.

As a result, the focus of this study was entirely on opinion and ideas regarding a RFID

and GSM capabilities on taking the attendance of the students. This investigation will take place

at Flores Integrated school for the duration of the first semester of this year

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of this study could have a significant impact on and be beneficial for the

following:

Students

This study will encourage students to attend their classes regularly since their attendance

will be sent to their parents.

Parents

The result of this study will give enlightenment to parents because it will keep them

updated on their children’s attendance

Teachers

The result of this study will make the teachers work easier and faster because the

protoype will automatically checks the student’s attendance data.

School

The results of this study will reduce the manual work and avoid redundant data. By maintaining

the attendance manually, all schools attendance report will be kept for future references

Future researchers

The study presented will be helpful to future researchers as a reference. It can stimulate

and drive them to further expand their study to a wider point of view, including other use of

RFID and GSM.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are contextually and operationally defined for better understanding

of the study.
RFID - is a method of identifying a person or thing by using Radio Frequency Transmission. It is

used to automatically gather data by radio frequency data transfer between a moving object and

an RFID reader in order to identify and track them.

RFID Reader - is a scanning device that uses an antenna to detect tags in its vicinity. It sends

signals at specific frequencies.

RFID tags - are IC chips that contain a unique hexadecimal or electronic product code (EPC).

The tag functions as a key capable of opening particular locks. So, it is also known as an RFID

key.

GSM - is a specialized type of modem that accepts a SIM card.

SMS - is a service for sending short messages. It sends a notification to the parent’s mobile

device indicating that the student has attended his/her class.

LCD DISPLAY - is a circuit that includes a 16x2 LCD display which serves as the system’s

output device. When the RFID tag is scanned by the RFID reader, it displays the user’s

information.

ARDUINO UNO - is a microcontroller board that acts as the brain of the circuit.
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter outlines the methods and procedures that will be used in the study that are

crucial in developing and building the project. This covers the research design, methodology,

equipment, and data collection process that will be used in the study, as well as the statistical

analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used a qualitative experimental research design. It is concentrated on the

research methodologies and design that will be used to conduct this study. It includes looking in

data sources, data collection procedures, instrument validity and dependability, and data

processing tools. A controlled environment is required for conducting experiments. The

researcher collects the data, and the results either confirm or contradict the theory. These kinds of

deductive research procedures are referred to as hypothesis testing.

POPULATION AND LOCALE

This study is based on purposive sampling technique, a selective method of sampling. It

is a form of non-probability sampling in which researchers use their own discretion in selecting

members of the population to participate in their surveys. The researchers conducted selective

respondents such as electricians, Science teachers to rate and judge the level of acceptability of

the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM)-based Attendance System with SMS Notifier in terms of Physical Appearance, Quality,

Usability,

and Durability.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

The researchers gathered data through observations. An observational study is a means

of performing in-person research. Respondents will answer the research questions based purely

on what they observe. The observational study method of data collecting is the most effective

tool the researchers may use.

The researchers will use survey questionnaire to assess respondents' thoughts on the

suggested prototype for data collection to judge how well it was received. There are tests, rating

scales, and checklists on the survey questionnaire. It will be divided into two sections: the first

section will focus on the demographic profile of the respondents. The second section of the

survey questionnaire will use the Likert scale to assess the level of acceptability of the RFID

Based Attendance System with SMS notifier.

Table 1. Likert Scale

Scale Descriptive Equivalence Description
5 Very Acceptable Students find that the indicator is very
acceptable in approval.
4 Students find that the indicator is highly
Highly Acceptable acceptable in approval.
3 Acceptable Students find that the indicator is
acceptable in approval.
2 Moderately Acceptable Students find that the indicator is
 moderately acceptable in approval.
1 Least Acceptable Students find that the indicator is least
acceptable in approval.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
The researchers will seek permission from the School Head, Research Adviser, and the

Senior High School Coordinator and will then consult with the principal before conducting the

study. The questionnaire will be distributed, and managed by the researchers individually in the

specified number of respondents.

The chosen respondents will be given survey questionnaires. Each response will be

properly counted, evaluated, and analyzed in accordance with the study’s problems.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

To evaluate and interpret the data collected on the various variables, experimental

statistics will be used. To examine and interpret the facts and data collected from respondents

through the survey questionnaire, descriptive and inferential statistics will be used.

On problem number one, the researchers will present descriptive data about the

respondents' profile status, such as frequency counts converted to percentages.

Formula:

Percentage (%) = f/N × 100

Where:

f = number of the respondents who respond

N = total number of respondents

 On problem number four, it pertains to the level of acceptability of the RFID based

attendance system with sms notifier in terms of physical appearance, quality, usability, and

durability. The researchers will use average weighted mean (AWM) to treat the data.

The formula for the average weighted mean is: AWM = f(x)

AWM= ⅀ fx/N

Where:

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

f(x) = Frequency Scale

n = number of respondents

Each statement will be measured using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the lowest and 5 is the

highest. The following categories served as descriptions of the average weighted mean:

Mean Scale Descriptive Category

4.81–5.00 Very highly Acceptable

3.41-4.80 Highly Acceptable

2.61-3.40 Acceptable

1.81-2.60 Moderately Acceptable

1.00-1.80 Not Acceptable

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The study’s participants will be guaranteed that their involvement was voluntary and not

compelled. By signing the consent form, they confirm that they agree to all of the criteria

outlined there. Researchers will not force the participants to answer the given questionnaire to

assure that the respondents’ rights under Republic Act No. 10173 also known as Data Privacy

Act are kept and that no further personally identifiable data was used. All the data will be used

accordingly for the study, it was further promoted in the cover letter. The respondent’s name, age,

and gender were kept completely personal, together with further details.
 CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, of data and interpretation of findings of

the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification.

INTERPRETATION OF THE TRIAL CONDUCTED

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The first problem that this study dealt with was determining the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age and sex.

Table

Profile of the Respondents (N=11)

Profile Frequency (F) Percentage (%)

Age 16-18 4 36.36%

19-21 0 0%

22-24 2 18.18%

25 above 5 45.45%

Sex Male 4 36.36%

Female 7 63.63%

Table is the tabular representation of the profile of the respondents.

As indicated in the table the respondents in this survey exhibit diversity in terms of age

and sex. The majority of respondents are females (63.63%), and there is a range of age groups

represented, with the highest percentage in the 25 and above category (45.45%). This

demographic information is crucial for understanding the composition of the sample and can be

considered when interpreting the results of the survey or study.

LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF BASED ATTTENDANCE SYSTEM WITH SMS

NOTIFICATION

Table 2-2 answers the fourth problem that this study dealt with, which was determining the level

of acceptability of the based attendance system with sms notification in terms of physical

appearance, quality, durability, and usability.

Table 2

Level of Acceptability of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms of

physical appearance

N=11

Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalence

1.The layout and arrangement of components in the 4.72 Highly Acceptable

prototype are well-organized.

2. The structure of the prototype is eye pleasing. 4.81 Very highly Acceptable

3.The visual weight distribution of the prototype is 4.63 Highly Acceptable

well-balanced.

4.The size of the prototype contributes to a positive 5 Very highly Acceptable

visual experience.

5.The overall design of the prototype is visually 4.90 Very highly Acceptable

appealing.
 Total: 4.81 Very highly Acceptable

The overall evaluation of the prototype, considering all indicators, results in an average

weighted mean of 4.81 or very highly acceptable rating. This suggests that the prototype excels

in terms of visual appeal and design, meeting or exceeding expectations across the evaluated

criteria (Alonzi et. Al, 2019).

Table 2

Level of Acceptability of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms of

quality

N=11

Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalence

1.The prototype is reasonably price 4.81 Highly Acceptable

2.The prototype is affordable. 4.72 Very highly Acceptable

3.The prototype has a timely and reliable SMS 2.63 Acceptable

notifications.

4.The prototype’s responsiveness meets expectations. 3.18 Acceptable

5.The structure of the prototype seems to be high 4.90 Very highly Acceptable

quality.

Total: 4.05 Highly Acceptable

 The overall evaluation of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification,

considering all indicators, results in a highly acceptable rating. While certain aspects like SMS

notification and responsiveness may have room for improvement, the overall quality is deemed

highly acceptable, with the prototype being seen as reasonably priced, affordable, and of high

structural quality (Bakhri et. Al, 2020).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Level of Acceptability of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms of

durability

N=11

Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalence

1.The materials used in the prototype seem durable 4.90 Highly Acceptable

and suitable for long-term use.

2.The prototype is designed to withstand minor 4.72 Highly Acceptable

physical impacts or accidental drops without

significant damage.

3. The prototype’s structure appear sturdy and 4.81 Highly Acceptable

capable of withstanding environmental conditions.

4.The prototype robust enough to withstand regular 4.72 Highly Acceptable

usage without a significant decrease in performance.

5.The prototype demonstrate stability under 5 Very highly Acceptable

 prolonged exposure to sunlight, ensuring durability

outdoor.

Total: 4.83 Very highly Acceptable

The overall evaluation of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms

of durability results in an average weighted mean of 4.83 or very highly acceptable rating. The

prototype is perceived as durable, capable of withstanding physical impacts and environmental

conditions, and suitable for long-term use, demonstrating a high level of acceptability across all

indicators (Biletska et. Al, 2021; Spector et. Al, 2018; Guliyev, 2021).

Table 2

Level of Acceptability of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms of

usability

N=11

Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalence

1.The prototype is simple and easy to use. 5 Very Highly Acceptable

2.The prototype minimizes the time required for users 4.90 Very Highly Acceptable

to accomplish attendance-related actions.

3.Users find the navigation within the prototype 4.90 Very Highly Acceptable

logical and straightforward.

4.The prototype can be easily installed. 4.72 Highly Acceptable

5.The prototype is accessible and user-friendly for 5 Very Highly Acceptable

 individuals with diverse technological proficiency.

Total: 4.90 Very Highly Acceptable

The overall evaluation of the Based Attendance System with SMS Notification in terms

of

Usability results in average weighted mean of 4.90 or very highly acceptable rating. The

prototype is perceived as simple, efficient, and user-friendly, meeting or exceeding expectations

across all usability indicators (Lewis, J.J.R. and Sauro, J, 2017).

 CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the study entitled

“Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)-

based Attendance System with SMS Notifier”

SUMMARY
The purpose of this research study was to develop and determine the level acceptance of

a based attendance system with SMS notification with the use of Radio Frequency Identification

(RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).

The first chapter focused on establishing the research study's objectives, outlining the

planned study, defining the investigative problem, and clarifying relevant ideas and concepts.

The second chapter detailed the research methodology and design, including the

population profile and sample utilized for empirical data collection through purposive focus

group interviews.

The third chapter centered on data analysis, result interpretation, and the subsequent

derivation of findings and recommendations.

Moving forward, the subsequent section will delve into the primary outcomes of the

research study.
CONCLUSION

After designing and testing of the system, there are several conclusions that can be drawn

regarding the RFID and GSM-based attendance system with SMS notification.

1. Most of the respondents came from 25 and above age bracket.

2. The level of acceptability of the project’s physical appearance, quality, durability, and

usability are highly accepted.

3. The respondents agrees upon the time saving attendance system.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Given the programming errors encountered in the prototype of the attendance system

with SMS notification, it is crucial to offer suggestions for future researchers to overcome these

challenges and enhance the system's effectiveness. The following recommendations are

proposed:

1. Conduct an exhaustive code review to identify and rectify any programming errors. This

involves systematically analyzing the codebase to ensure adherence to best practices, proper

structure, and absence of syntax or logical issues.

2. Implement rigorous testing procedures to validate the prototype's functionality. Employ unit

testing, integration testing, and system testing to identify and rectify bugs, ensuring the system

performs as intended.

3. Solicit feedback from potential users, stakeholders, or testers during development. Iteratively

refine the system based on this feedback to address usability concerns, enhance user experience,

and correct any unforeseen errors.

4.Generate comprehensive documentation for the codebase, including clear explanations of

functions, modules, and dependencies. Such documentation will prove invaluable for future

researchers and developers working on the project.

5.Collaborate with experienced software developers or enlist the assistance of a qualified

programming team to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the code. This collaborative effort

can offer valuable insights, reduce errors, and contribute to the overall success of the project.

6.Implement version control systems to track codebase changes and facilitate collaboration.

Regularly back up the code and project files to prevent data loss in the event of unforeseen errors

or system failures.

7.Pay close attention to security aspects, including data encryption, secure communication for

SMS notifications, and protection against potential vulnerabilities. This ensures the system's

robustness and safeguards sensitive information.

8. Stay updated on the latest developments in programming languages, frameworks, and best

practices. Continuous learning will enhance the skills of future researchers, contributing to the

development of more robust and efficient attendance tracking systems.

By incorporating these recommendations, future researchers can address programming errors,

adhere to best practices, and create a more effective and reliable attendance system with SMS

notification. These measures aim to enhance the system's functionality and overall success in

attendance tracking.