Application of Integrals

Based on Parabola and Line

1. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x2 and y = x.
[CBSE 2013C]

Solution

The given curves are 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

and 𝑦 = 𝑥

Their points of intersection are 𝐴(1,1) and 𝑂(0,0).

1
1 𝑥2 𝑥3
∴ Required area = ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = [ 2 − ]
3 0
1 1 1
= [2 − 3] = 6 sq.unit.

2. Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed by the curves 𝑦² = 4𝑥 and 𝑦 =
𝑥.
[CBSE 2013C]

Solution

The given curves are 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥

They intersect at 𝑂(0,0) and 𝐴(4,4).

1
 4
4 𝑥 3/2 𝑥2
∴ Required area = ∫0 (√4𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = [2 ⋅ − ]
3/2 2 0
4 1 32 8
...(i) = 3 ⋅ 43/2 − 2 ⋅ 42 = − 8 = 3 sq.units.
3

3. Find the area bounded by y = x2, the x-axis and the lines 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1.
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]

Solution
1
Required area, 𝐴 = ∫−1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 2 2
⇒ 𝐴 = 2∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 [𝑥 3 ]10 = 3 sq. units

4. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦² = 8𝑥 and the line 𝑥 = 2.
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]

Solution

2
 Required area
2
= 2∫0 √8𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
= 2 × 2√2∫0 𝑥1/2 𝑑𝑥
2 3/2 2
= 4√2 [ 𝑥 ]
3 0
8 8√2 32
= 3 √2[23/2 − 0] = × 2√2 = sq. units
3 3

5. Find the area enclosed between the parabola 4𝑦 = 3𝑥² and the straight line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 +
12 = 0.
[CBSE 2017,2015C]

Solution

3𝑥 2
Given equations are 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥+12
and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2

Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get

3𝑥 2 3𝑥 + 12
=
4 2

⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = −2,4

When 𝑥 = −2 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3
When 𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 𝑦 = 12

3
 4
3𝑥 + 12 3 2
∴ Required area = ∫ ( − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
−2 2 4

4
3 2 𝑥3
= [ 𝑥 + 6𝑥 − ]
4 4 −2
3 × 16 64 3 8
=[ +6×4− ]−[ ×4−6×2+ ]
4 4 4 4

= 27 sq. units.

6. Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the line
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2, the parabola 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 and the x-axis.
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]

Solution

By solving 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 simultaneously, we get the points of intersection as (1,1)

and (4, −2).

∴ Required area = The shaded area

1 2
= ∫0 √𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
2 31 𝑥2
= [𝑥 2 ] + [2𝑥 − ]
3 0 2 1
2 1 7
= 3 + 2 = 6 square units.

7. Using integration, find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦}.
[CBSE 2021-22]

Solution

4
 On solving 𝑥 = 𝑦 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2, we get 𝑦 2 = 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦(𝑦 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 1.
∴ Required area = area of shaded region
1
= ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
0
1
𝑦2 𝑦3
=[ − ]
2 3 0
1 1 1
= − = sq. unit
2 3 6

8. Using integration, find the area bounded by the curve 𝑥² = 4𝑦 and the line 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 2.
[CBSE 2014C, 2013, 2013C]

Solution

The given curve is 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦

The given line is 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 2

Putting 4𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2) from (ii) in (i), we get (𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 −

5
2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2, −1 Putting 𝑥 = 2 in (i), we get 𝑦 = 1
1
Putting 𝑥 = −1 in (i), we get 𝑦 = 4
1
Thus the points of intersection of the given curve and line are 𝐴 (−1, 4) and 𝐵(2,1)
∴ Required area
2
2 𝑥+2 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 1 𝑥2
= ∫−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫−1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 ( + − ) 𝑑𝑥
4 4 4 2 4
2 2
1 𝑥2 1 2 1 𝑥3
= [ ] + [𝑥]−1 − [ ]
4 2 −1 2 4 3 −1
1 1 1
= [4 − 1] + [2 + 1] − [8 + 1]
8 2 12
3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 9
= 8 + 2 − 4 = 2 [4 + 1 − 2] = 2 [4] = 8 sq. units

9. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0, the
curve 𝑥 = √𝑦 and y-axis.
[CBSE 2015]

Solution

We have curves 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 and 𝑥 = √𝑦.

⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , which is a parabola with vertex at origin. From the given equations, we get

𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 2 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ x = 2 or x = −1
⇒𝑥=2
[∵ 𝑥 ≠ −1, 𝑥 is positive ]

When 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4
So, the point of intersection is (2,4)

6
 2 2 2
∴ Required area = ∫ (𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
2
0 0 0
2 3 2
𝑥 𝑥 8 10
= [ + 2𝑥 − ] = 2 + 4 − = sq. units
2 3 0 3 3

10. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥² and y = |x|.
[CBSE 2013]

Solution

The given curves are 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

𝑥, if 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑦 = |𝑥| = {
−𝑥, if 𝑥 < 0

Their points of intersection are 𝐴(1,1), 𝑂(0,0) and 𝐵(−1,1).

In view of symmetry, the required area

1
1 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥3
= 2∫0 (𝑥 −𝑥 = 2[ − ]
2 3 0
1 1 1
= 2 [2 − 3] = 3 sq.unit.

Based on Circle and Line

11. Using integration, find the smaller area enclosed by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦² = 4 and the line
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2.
[CBSE 2020]

Solution

7
The given curves are 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 … (i) and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
2
∴ Required area = ∫0 [√4 − 𝑥 2 − (2 − 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 4 −1 𝑥 𝑥2
=[ + sin − 2𝑥 + ]
2 2 2 2 0
= 0 + 2sin−1 (1) − 4 + 2 − 0
𝜋
= 2 2 − 2 = (𝜋 − 2) sq. units.
𝑥⋅√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
= ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = + sin−1 (𝑎) + 𝑐
2 2

12. Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis,
the line y = x and the circle 𝑥² + 𝑦 2 = 32.
[CBSE 2018, 2014]

Solution

8
. The given equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 32 and the line is 𝑦 = 𝑥
These intersect at 𝐴(4,4) in the first quadrant. The required area is shown shaded in the
figure. Points 𝐵(4,0) and 𝐶(4√2, 0)
∴ Required area = Area BACB + Area OABO
4√2 4 4√2 4
= ∫4 𝑦1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫4 √32 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥
4√2 4
= ∫4 √(4√2)2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥
4√2 4
𝑥√32 − 𝑥 2 32 −1 𝑥 𝑥2
=[ + sin ( )] +[ ]
2 2 4√2 4 2 0
4√2 × 0 4×4 1 1
= + 16sin−1 1 − ( + 16sin−1 ) + (42 − 0)
2 2 √2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(ii) = 16 ⋅ 2 − (8 + 16 ⋅ 4 ) + 8 = 16 ( 2 − 4 ) = 4𝜋 sq.units

13. Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis,
the line y = x and the circle 𝑥² + 𝑦² = 18.
[CBSE 2014C]

Solution

The given equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 18 and the line is 𝑦 = 𝑥.

These intersect at 𝐴(3,3) in the first quadrant. The
required area is shown shaded in the figure. Points 𝐵(3,0) and 𝐶(3√2, 0).

∴ Required area = Area 𝐵𝐴𝐶𝐵 + Area 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝑂

9
 3√2 3 3√2 3
=∫ 𝑦1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √18 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 0 3 0
3√2 3
=∫ √(3√2)2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 0

3√2 3
𝑥√18 − 𝑥 2 18 −1 𝑥 𝑥2
=[ + sin ( )] +[ ]
2 2 3√2 3 2 0

3√2 × 0 3×3 1 1
= + 9 sin−1 1 − ( + 9 sin−1 ) + (9 − 0)
2 2 √2 2
𝜋 9 𝜋 9 𝜋 𝜋 9𝜋
= 9 ⋅ − ( + 9 ⋅ ) + = 9( − ) = sq.units
2 2 4 2 2 4 4

14. Find the area bounded by the circle 𝑥² + 𝑦² = 16 and the line √3𝑦 = 𝑥 in the first
quadrant, using integration.
[CBSE 2017]

Solution
1
We have curves, 𝑦 = 𝑥
√3
and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
Curves (i) and (ii) intersect at (2√3, 2) and (−2√3, −2).

Required area = Area of region 𝑂𝐵𝐴𝑂

= area of △ 𝑂𝐵𝐶 + area of region 𝐵𝐶𝐴𝐵

10
 2√3 4
𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 √3 2√3
2√3
𝑥2 𝑥 16 𝑥 4
=[ ] + [ √16 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )]
2√3 0 2 2 4 2√3

𝜋 8𝜋 12𝜋−8𝜋 4𝜋
= 2√3 + 8 (2 ) − 2√3 − = = sq.units
3 3 3

15. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the y-axis, the line y = x and
the circle 𝑥² + 𝑦² = 32, using integration
[CBSE 2015C]

Solution

The given equation of the circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 32 and the line is 𝑦 = 𝑥

These intersect at 𝐴(4,4) in the first quadrant. The required area is shown shaded in
the figure. Points 𝐵(0,4) and 𝐶(0,4√2)

∴ Required area = Area 𝐵𝐴𝐶𝐵 + Area 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝑂

4√2 4 4√2 4
= ∫4 𝑥1 𝑑𝑦 + ∫0 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫4 √32 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + ∫0 𝑦𝑑𝑦
4√2 4
= ∫4 √(4√2)2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + ∫0 𝑦𝑑𝑦
4√2 4
𝑦√32 − 𝑦 2 32 −1 𝑦 𝑦2
=[ + sin ( )] +[ ]
2 2 4√2 2 0
4
4√2 × 0 4×4 1 1
= + 16sin−1 1 − ( + 16sin−1 ) + (42 − 0)
2 2 √2 2

11
 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 16 ⋅ 2 − (8 + 16 ⋅ 4 ) + 8 = 16 (2 − 4 ) = 4𝜋 sq.units

16. Using integration, find the area of the region, {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 1, 𝑥 ≥
0, 𝑦 ≥ 0}
[CBSE SQP 2019-20]

Solution

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
𝑥+𝑦 =1
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥)2 = 1
2

⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 1
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 1

Required area = shaded area 𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷𝐴

= area (𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐵𝑂) − area (𝑂𝐴𝐷𝐵𝑂)
1 1 1
= ∫0 (𝑦circle − 𝑦line )𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 (1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1
𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 1 −1 𝑥2
=[ + sin 𝑥] − [𝑥 − ]
2 2 0
2 0

1 𝜋 1
= [(0 + ⋅ ) − 0] − [(1 − ) − 0]
2 2 2
𝜋 1
= ( 4 − 2) sq. units.

12
17. Using integration, find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ √3𝑥, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 4}.
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]

Solution

By solving 𝑦 = √3𝑥 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4, we get the points of intersection as (1, √3) and
(−1, −√3).

.∴ Required area = The shaded area

1 2
= ∫0 √3𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 √4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
√3 2 1 1 𝑥2
= [𝑥 ]0 + [𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 + 4sin−1 ]
2 2 21
√3 1 𝜋
= + [2𝜋 − √3 − 2 ]
2 2 3
2𝜋
= 3 square units.

18. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑥² + 𝑦² = 4, 𝑦 = √3𝑥 and x-axis in
the first quadrant.
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]

Solution

Solving 𝑦 = √3𝑥 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4, we get 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1

13
 1 2
∴ Required area = √3∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 √22 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

√3 2 1 𝑥 𝑥 2
= [𝑥 10 + [ √22 − 𝑥 2 + 2sin−1 ( )]
2 2 2 1
√3 𝜋 √3 𝜋 2𝜋
= + [2 × 2 − − 2 × 6] = sq. units
2 2 3

Based on Ellipse and Line

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥
19. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse + = 1 and the line 3 +
9 4
𝑦
= 1.
2

[CBSE 2014]

Solution

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
We have + = 1 … (i) and 3 + 2 = 1
9 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
Curve (i) is an ellipse of the form 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1.
That means its major axis is along 𝑥 - axis. Also this ellipse is symmetrical about the
𝑥 - axis.

2 3 2 3
Required area = 3 ∫0 √(3)2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫0 (3 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

14
 3
2 𝑥 9 𝑥 3 2 (3 − 𝑥)2
= [ √9 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )] − [ ]
3 2 2 3 0 3 −2 0
2 9 −1 9 −1 1 2
= [(0 + sin (1)) − (0 + sin (0))] + [0 − 9]
3 2 2 3
3𝜋
= 2 − 3 sq. units.

20. Find the area of the ellipse 𝑥² + 9𝑦 2 = 36 using integration.

[CBSE SQP 2020-21]

Solution

Given equation of ellipse is

𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36

∴ Required area

6 36 − 𝑥 2
= 4∫0 √ 𝑑𝑥
9
4 6 2
= ∫ √6 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3 0
4 𝑥 𝑥 6
= [ √62 − 𝑥 2 + 18sin−1 ( )]
3 2 6 0
4 𝜋
= 3 [18 × 2 − 0] = 12𝜋 sq. units
4 𝜋
= 3 [18 × 2 − 0] = 12𝜋 sq. units

15
 Based on Modulus Functions

21. Find the area bounded by the curves 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| and 𝑦 = 1, using integration.
[CBSE 2021-22]

Solution

Given curve, 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| and line 𝑦 = 1

We have, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1, if 𝑥 − 1 ≥ 0
= −𝑥 + 1, if 𝑥 − 1 < 0

Required area = area of shaded region

2 1 2
= ∫0 1𝑑𝑥 − [∫0 (1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥]
1 2
𝑥2 𝑥2
= [𝑥]20 − [[𝑥 − ] + [ − 𝑥] ]
2 0 2 1
1 1
= 2 − [1 − + [2 − 2 − + 1]]
2 2
1 1
= 2 − [2 + 2] = 2 − 1 = 1 sq. unit

22. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves:
𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| + 1, 𝑥 = −3, 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0
[CBSE 2014C]

Solution

Here, 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| + 1

𝑥+2 if 𝑥 ≥ −1
𝑦={
−𝑥 if 𝑥 < −1

We know draw the lines: 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = −3 and

𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 if 𝑥 ≥ −1
𝑦 = −𝑥 if 𝑥 < −1
16
Lines (i) and (ii) intersect at (−1,1)
−1 3
∴ Required area = ∫−3 (−𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫−1 (𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥
−1 3
𝑥2 𝑥2
= − [ ] + [ + 2𝑥]
2 −3 2 −1
1 1
= − (1 − 9) + (9 − 1) + 2(3 + 1)
2 2
= 4 + 4 + 8 = 16 sq. units.

17