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t.M 'NE-2 neo n l a mp (272 - 11011

Kl 4 70k \W r e si st or ( 27 1-053)
M2 1 ~q ~ w r e si s t or (2 7 1-059)

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I.... - 11 8 19 p ilo t l o/lInp (272-1119)
RI . H2 - 8 o hm lOW non- inductive
re si s t o r (27 1- 120 )
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toy W3Q I.. RM S. , u l h~·m N.J.

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•
W h y Ffve M d .." hum p r"vi.>U1 p.I&"
Fifty ~r cent modula tio n is a ll that is
nl'«'!>!o;) ry in t hl' o peration of t his trans-
m tucr. It is a lways ad visa ble to 8f1 a s
much carr k-r IIUtp ut as is po!isi blt-. be-
ca use thi s will knock d own the su pt' r
rcge ner au on in t he su pcr-rcgcncr attvo
receivers and. will ma ke t he vo ice co me
through cjea rly . If you ha ve too m uch
modulation. yu u arc Habll' to have a bit
of trou ble lll.-'1ng hea rd d l,(,l'lltly. This the-
ory of course d ocs not apply to n'-'l'ivl'rS
ot hl'1' th a n t h!.' Su p.-'1'-n-gl' m' r" tivc typc.
If yo u ha Vl' tuo m uc h modulanon, you
a rc liable to ha vea bit u f troublt' bec ause
of the s u pt.'r no iM'; so bewan- O M .
As yo u will non- b y th o diagram, it is
si m ple an d l'.lsy tn const ruct. T he co n-
denser tha t is used hl'n' is " Ca rd well.
t w~nty t h n '\' pla te job th"t hilS been
k nocked a pa rt, using two RltUr.; and fin'
sta to rs in each Sl'l:tion (t no lazy to takl'
out th e othl'n;). The co p pl' r tub ing is
a bo u t four inc hes in dtamewr and is
hooked directly to th u condon-or.
.'
,.'
W3QL's FI V l: MI::T l:R T RA NSM IITl: I{
10
The positive hid i.-. hooked to the center
of this o ne tu m.Cho ke coil s a reei gh tee n
tu rns eac h, wound o n th e th n -o cigh ths
inc h dowels, double s pa ced fOT vouagc
breakdown et c. The grid coil is live turns
on a one hal f inch down of nu mber 14
aerial wire (this hap pened to be ha nd y ).
The tun ing o f t he co il b y S(lul,,-'zing thl'
tu rns to gdlll'r a nd pulling morn apart, is
no t extremely cr it ica l. BlTf it does help
pk'nty in getting tb c M !iOUpM into the t" nk
circuit.
Tu bes ca n bo 201 A mod ula ted by a
polir o f 171A's o r a 210 rnodul,u...d by om'
250 t u be. O r d Sll they ca n he 171A's
modul.uod b y ,1 247, o r an y o the r pt'n ·
tod e. AlII YF>i.'S have been u sed wit h Iim-
res ults, wh at e ver you have handy, t ry
thl.·m . thl'y will p robably work. Bu t d o n't
o ver-loa d your tubes so th.J1 tht.' sign.lls
cn...' P a nd t hl.' t u b ..'S bl ush fmm shame.
T h.J1 is punk busint~s ••1S it means stg-
na ls hard til n 'old.
NO
Ft L .
O'(P......'SS
C.6 " b S ,
USED
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bond . Y" •.-II ~ ,... ~ , ~ ..... . ....11 bo· . "" , ,....."y
,"" 1\ uno' yo " 011 lor", ~nd YO'"
roooJo. " 1' h·.rl"'''', dyh hy f"-"
c.M ,t l,k ' Ioo-" ·n h .l ," .......'
(July ' ' ' 1. I k....·. ,·,. II ,..... " '" M "
In Fill • . ~~ 2,';. "'... 1.......,.. ,h>'
.......... " buold" "r. JI:•• ".....,I1,.. ' nll
"'r ,01 ,h>' ~ .- UI ·I M vir -JIou1d
bo· .,.7f
'""" f"'" M """ , ....." "'''y 01 ''''' k>llo"..
... ",. JI:~ ,,, I>o-lr ,..... hnd ' lor loon<!
Fi.... _ _ . ... , "". ~.~, ..1>1r
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"
Don Kahl e, 1V81'llQ

Paul Fritsc h, \V31111C

12
More on the Modulation Monitor
by Hob Den n ison, W 2ttK E
82 Vir g inia Ave.
Westm on t. NJ 08108

Mod u la rion monitors used in comm er- Do n't bto su rprised if yu u m od u la te

cial AM UC stati o ns p ro vide a s witch hi yuur rig with a n audio o~iI1,II{Jr a nd yo u
allow ",',}ding ei rhcr positive O f nt'gill iVt' rea d slightly diUl'n' nt J'L'Kl.·nt.l gt'S in the
mod ulation . This normally req uires d NEG and 1'05 position s o f SW-I . lt indi-
41'(][ s wttc"h. Two poles a n' e mployed cates di stortion eit her in Ihl' .ludio osctl-
to n-v..'fSl' th e co nnec tio ns to th ..• RF d i- la ter o r (more Iikl'lyl in your transmi t-
ode a nd the ut h.,. t wo poles reverse t h..• tor . If the diffl'rL'nCL' ts mo....· lha n 5'ro a l
connection s In thr- 8S'ro modu-
t he ca rrlor Luton level , it
met er. Th l'n - is VI - A wo u ld be ad -
a sim ple W.1Y I I 1\ 1 v isublc 10 gL't
to add this Iea - {lu i t ho SCOp l'
lu re In t he
m odu lati on tQ ..-t-+---. !'<w
K" SW - I
a nd Sl't' w he re
t ho trouble is.
mon itor I d e-
S( ri bed i n ttll'

Febuary ISSllt!
1 NEG Po s
RFC. I
'I'ypica l so ur ces
o f tro u b le a rc
l i s tcd i n t he
of Elect r ic ARRL I la nd -
Rad io . The R' book.
O N ·O FF Since writing
switch, SW-t , the o rig inal ar-
is re p laced t iclt', I have
wilh a Radin- fo und a nother
Shack 275-.620 n ' fl'n 'fICL' o n rho
DrDT r c;« : sll b~'t1 of vo ke-
tor-Ott sw itch . wa ve pol,lri ty.-
This switch is This a r ucto is
u se d t o rc - ".,.. !'Iodi fled "Iodu l a lion Kat'll to r. hi g hly rcccm-
verse th.' ron- memlL...J if yo u
nect jon s 10 th e RF di ode, VI -A. an d is a n ' h'mr lro 10 sqUL't'ze mon - ro w('r o ut
no w labcll..-d NEG -OJ-F ·I'OS. St't' d ia - of your t ra nsmitter.
gram .
A bridge J'\'Ctifil'r is USL-d to auromat l-
catty provide t he cor rec t po lari ty of cur-
rent to th e ca r rier met er. T he vul tabl' - Lo p-sid ed Spl'.x h a nd Mo d ula tio n,
drop in the gormamurn diodes is q uito Gl'tlrg l' C ram mer, WI DI:, C.~)l ·, p. 14, Fl'b .
low a nd wil l require nn ly a slig ht ad jusl - 1940.
mon t o f thl' C AU l! romrol, R-f>.

13
 Rl'Sltm,llion Tec h ni q ul's of it Serio us Co lll'ctu r
An Ov.. rvi.,w by Chuck IJ.lchi... ··Th.. 1I..11 icr.lfl,·r C.. ll.·l1" r"
4_ II ...-l' l !orin
A.. .. i .. . Tlt ".,.. \

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 3 db Attenuator
by Bob Norman. K 7NWIJ
70K North C hes n u t C ircl e
Mesa , AZ 85213

I found t hecircuit ina m,mn.tl fu r thl'll.lllin .lfh'rs I rr-45 1int'olr.l mp lifi.·r. All resist ors
a rc 2 W .l tl and an- 5% Wlt·r.mn· rated . Of I"UUn.o,' they a n' non-Induct ive, com position,
ca rbo n (I T md,ll film t ypl 'S . Th oonesthat l u~ ...1a n ') and 5 Wi l li md il l film fl'Sis tu rs.m d
39b toh-r a ru-e. That's all the shin- had, ~ I I paid more than I lWt,It,1 to.This 3d H p.ld
im p r ovod the overall c haract eristics of driv ill ~ m y linea r ampllfier wit h a Rangl'T.
The W.1Y I' VI' c0 I1 I11...·lt... 1111I' fI 'si stu rs i n p.lTOll1d .I I1 UW S fo r .1iT circulatio n andma kes
.1 v,'ry n",11 Ilxlk ing fin ish n.ll'rodul;"t. As yU II Col li Sl'l' ,t',Kh gm u p IIf fI'Sist urs t h.11 ma ke-
li p ~ I, R2 a ml R3 .trl· .lrT.lngt,\1bl'l wl...-n Iwu ri ng~ . T Otit'tl'rm in L'ltw si"t' u f Ihl' r ing.... draw
a Mrd l' u n a p.lpl·r and :o.l,ln d Ih.· n~i sl u r:o. on t·ntl a nd arf,)n~t' thorn wi th I"'lu,l1 Sp,lfl'
bd.wt"t'n t hem a rou nd t ilt' d rd.·. Expt'rimt'nl with di ff.·n·n l s i".t...1d rr k'S unlil you find
the rig ht ~i"I·. 111"1...1 1I1H g.)ug'- bu s w in' fur Ih,' rin g s .
Wht.·n yuu hav'·tht·lhn...· g n lUps o f rosi ... uu-s ~old ,·n...t bt.'1wt...-n rin g s you then sold " r
a win' .- n lSs tht.· d i,lm'''I'r o f t',l,'h ring o n " ith"r end.From th,' cr-n n-r uf Ihis win- yUli
conn ~1 and ~2 I('f;....her dnd It...· ulh r-r r ntl s o f t'.drh 10 thL' cenn-r connector o f t'dr h
50-219. From th "o'nll'rofth,' wi rcbetwc.. -n ~ 1 an d ~ 2 run a not hr-r win' 10 ~] . Co n n...: 1
Ihe othr-r " nd o f ~] I" Ihl' g m u nd lug . 1'Il,II's it. Yuu can so..• Ih.l l Ih,' vaha-s hl' n' ,In'
a r pri<lh' fur a tra nsmitter in IIlI' 51.1 tn lIX) W"Il! r,ln g' ·' f u r a transmitn-r w ith a go·.III·r
o u tput 'ld just th e value s (If tfu- resist ors dt"("tlTltingly.

,y'
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2.-p, .." ~ C' ~
(, ~ -", ." "

~1 == 9 0 hm s (qt y 13 0f 120 0 hmsl

~2 ."., 9 ohms (qty 9 of 1'12 ohms)
R3 • • 137 ohrns (qt y If> o f 22<X1 (Ih ms )

'6
 Heath HO-lONolse_Problems
by It k~ I. .. IL;" I;L' , k l Ho7.k
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F...... on t . ( "A ON o;.l 'I

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 How To D o II
The basic ci rcuit for a vacu um t ube
using zcner di od e bia s is sho w n in fig-
ure 1. All t ha t is required is a zc ncr di -
ode of the propt'r voltage a nd wattage
raring, a nd a ca thode bypass ca pa ci to r -
a few mic rofa rad s a t a udio freq uen cies ,
and .01 uF or ~ l in the I IF freq ue ncy
range in Ihe case of RF amplifiers. TIll'
zcncr diode's voltage rati ng s ho uld be
the sam e as the grid bias volta ge needed.
This voltage value ca n be deterrnincd
from the t ube's data sheet s, o r th rou gh
experimen t wi th an adjustable powl..' r
sup ply connec ted to the g rid of the tube
wh ile t h e ca th o de is tempor ari ly
grounded .
The wa ttagl' ratin g
need ed fo r the zencr
can be determined by
mult iplying th n maxi -
mu m opt'r,lting plato
curre nt of th{' biased
amplifier by t he volt-
age of the zen cr. Ex-
ample: if th e zencr
voltage needed is 20
volts, a nd t he maxi-
mum pla te current is
100 MA Ll A). then
,1x20",2 wa tt s d is si - Pu sh P u ll a u din mF stage
pat cd . A five watt with Z(,I1l'r bi as
zc ncr wo u ld w o r k
just fine. Several zenor s may be co n-
ncctcd in scrtcs to ob tai n it pa rticula r
voltage. III the case o f zeners in sl..' ries.
calculate t he dissipa tion o f each diode
indi vid ua lly.
Po we r zen e r diod es co me in a t remen-
dous ra nge o f voltages, hu m 2 o r three
volts tn sev eral h u nd red volts. Common
wa tta ge ra ti ngs arc 1 and S watt, in a xial
lead packa ges, and Iftand SO wa tt in stud
mou nt d iode pa cka ges. Ca ref ully ob-
serve, tho. that either the cathode or a n-
ode of t hc zcn cr ca n be con nected to th e
case o f ttu- stud moun t package s. It saves
some troub le to gl'l a zcm-r w it h t he a n-
ode connection In t ho case wh ich allows
23
si mply bo lting the zc ru-r to t he equip-
men t's chassis using no ins ula ting hard -
ware.
III t he case of using zcncr bias o n a
modulator (class A. AB, or B), o r a udio
amplifier make sure that the g rid of t he
tu be (5) is rcmmcd to grou nd thro ug h a
fa irl y lo w r cs tsra ncc. T hi s can be as
sim ple as g rou nding t he cen ter ta p of
th e a udio d river t ra nsfo r me r.
In th e case yo u plan to bias .1 class C
RI-= a mplifier, select a zc ncr voltage
ro ughly eq uiva le nt to th e cu to ff vol t,lge
fo r Itu- tube (s) usod, and obtain the nd-
ditiona l operat ing bia s rcquln-d t hrough
a s imple grid leak. In
t he c ase of a li ne a r
a m plifier jus t selec t a
zcnvr th ,l t makes the
tu l)(-' ki ll' a t thl' propl'r
current.
T he main disadvan -
tagc uf u sing zonr- r
d iode cathod e bia s is
that you ca nnot adjust
the bia s voltage, on ce
set. You can, ho w -
e ver, fine tu ne t he id le
cu rre nt of a tetrod c or
p entod o amp lifier by
ma king small adjust-
ment s to th e sc reen
voltagl', .1S roq u irod. T riod es. on the oth er
hand Me no t ve ry pi cky as to bias volt -
age, and onn' you have selected the
prolx'r vo ltage for a triode a m plifie r it
mcsr Hkcty won't need adjustment wln-n
tubes a n' cha nged.
Let me wrap t his s to ry u p by sa ying
t ha i usi ng zcnc r diode cat hod e bias of-
furs great possib ilities in the const ruction
or res toration of our beloved hollo w state
boa t a nchors. In o ur l'Til where bias cells
an- no lon ger stoc ked by t he local ra d io
parts s to re we ca n make adviintagl'l)US
usc of some modern technology to fill
the void .
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