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OUTLINE
AGRICULTURAL I. OVERVIEW OF EXTENSION

II. EXTENSION AS ONE OF THE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF A UNIVERSITY/ COLLEG
EXTENSION III.
IV.
COMMUNICATION IN EXTENSION
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION PROCESS
FINAL COACHING V. EXTENSION TEACHING METHODS (ETM)
VI. EXTENSION APPROACHES
VII. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
VIII. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ITS UNDER AGENCIES
1 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING 2 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING
OVERVIEW OF 1. This refers to a body of principles underlying

that govern the conduct of human activity or
EXTENSION the like.

a. Principles
Definition of Terms | Meaning of Extension in other Countries b. Philosophy
History of Extension in the World and in the Philippines | c. Vision
Philosophy and Principles of Extension
d. Mission
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The Basics of Extension RATIONALE Points to consider: body of principles
Definition
a. Principles- are statements of policy which guide an individual to take
decisions in a consistent manner
b. Philosophy- ″guide″, body of principles, view of life
c. Vision - describes the desired future position of the organization.
Extension - a statement of desired ideal future.
d. Mission - defines the organization, its objectives and its approach to reach
those objectives.
Philosophy Principles
RATIONALE Recap: 6 Principles of Extension
2. The extension agent can provide the rural people
with useful and practical knowledge only when
1. Communication and Education
s/he understands rural people’s
2. Work with Rural People
3. Accountability to the Clientele a. needs
4. Two-way Process Linkage b. conditions
5. Cooperative with other organizations
c. resources
6. Work with different Target Groups
d. task environment
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CONDITIONS 3. Philosophy of extension is a synthesis of beliefs
needs
about life and a body of knowledge about these
belief
resources
clientele, ________________.
habits attitude a. out-of-school learner
tradition aspiration
b. adult learner
task environment
c. learners (in general)
d. primary school students
RATIONALE HISTORY TIME RATIONALE Points to consider: main target clientele of extension
19th Century in England, the term EXTENSION was a. Out-of-school learners or a.k.a out of school youth
first used to describe adult education programs c. Learners may include primary learners
organized by Oxford and Cambridge universities in d. secondary learners and are receiving formal
England starting in 1867. These programs helped
education.
extend the work of these universities beyond the
campus and into the neighboring communities.
RATIONALE Important Concept: Three Modes of Education
4. Extension belongs to this mode of education.
CATEGORY Formal Non-Formal In-formal
Key points -structured -learning of -diversity in methods
a. formal -subject oriented professional skills -real life examples of
b. informal degree learning
c. non-formal
Example -learning in a -adult literacy -parent teaching a child
d. None of the above classroom setting education how to prepare a meal
-extension
RATIONALE Points to consider: DED -> AES

5. In what year does the Demonstration and Extension
Year Significant Event
Division of the Bureau of Agriculture was renamed into a. 1965 Reconceptualization of the Rice Self Sufficiency Program to include rice production, marketing
Agricultural Extension Service? and distribution and the consolidation and integration and the concentration of government as
well as all private sector resources
b. Oct. 14 A puppet state or Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic was established.
a. 1965 1943
b. 1943 c. 1923 Demonstration and Extension Division was renamed into Agricultural Extension Service.
Maria Y. Orosa founded the Home Extension service
c. 1923 d. 1913 American occupation. No significant event in the history of extension in the Philippines.
d. 1913
RATIONALE Points to consider: Founder of Home Extension Service

6. Who is the founder of the “Home Extension Service” in
a. Maria Y. Orosa: founded the Home Extension service in 1923
the Philippines? b. James Stuart: father of University Extension through his initiative of organizing
center of extension lectures under the University of Cambridge’s supervision.
a. Maria Y. Orosa c. Moulton: first Director of American Extension Movement at the University of
Chicago in 1892. He had been one of the Cambridge University’s original
b. James Stuart extension worker who documented “the first ten years of extension movement”, the
c. Moulton world’s famous real treatise in extension.
d. Daniel W. Bell: the chief of the survey mission(now known as Bell Survey Mission)
d. Daniel W. Bell among the recommendation of the mission is for agricultural extension services of
the government be consolidated under one administration for the sake of
efficiency.
7. In 1949, the Philippine government requested the US Government to RATIONALE Points to consider: US Economic Survey Mission
send an Economic Survey mission to the Philippines to look over
b. Bell Survey Mission. In 1949, the US government sent an economic survey
the post war situation with the end in view of making suggestions
under the leadership of Daniel W. Bell in the Philippines to assess the post war
for improvement. What is the exact name of the said mission? situation. As the chief of the survey mission, the survey mission was named
after him.
a. Campbell Survey Among the recommendation of the mission is for agricultural extension services
b. Bell Survey Mission of the government be consolidated under one administration for the sake of
c. Bill Survey Mission efficiency.
d. Moulton Survey Mission
a, c, d: are irrelevant options.
RATIONALE Points to consider: RA 680 of 1952

Government Agency Year Established through Significant Event
8. In accordance with R.A. 680 of 1952, this government agency was Established these Laws/ AO/ EO
charged with the consolidation, coordination and expansion of a. Department of 1898 N/A Was formed 11 days after the proclamation of the
agricultural extension undertaken by other agencies. Agriculture (Department of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898.
Agriculture and Among first agencies that President Emilio
a. Department of Agriculture Manufacturing Aguinaldo formed.
b. Ministry of Agriculture b. Ministry of Agriculture 1978 PD NO. 1579 and LOI Created ministry-wide regional offices in Ministry
No. 595 of Agriculture and the appointment of 12
c. Agricultural Training Institute ministry-wide regional directors and 24 assistant
d. Bureau of Agricultural Extension regional directors, and 75 PAOs (1980)
c. Agricultural Training 1987 EO 116 ATI was born. The Bureau of Agricultural
Institute Extension Philippine Agricultural Training
Council and the Philippine Training Center for
Rural Development were merged.
d. Bureau of Agricultural 1952 R.A. 680 Consolidated all existing extension activities
Extension being carried of by different offices.
RATIONALE Points to consider: Modernize the agriculture and fisheries
9. AFMA Law of 1997 “This is an act prescribing urgent related Law Significance
a. RA 8485 The Animal Welfare Act An act to promote animal welfare in the Philippines.
measures to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors of the
of 1998
country. This law is also known as? b. RA 8435 The Agriculture and -Legal instrument to prepare the agriculture sector for the
Fisheries Modernization challenges of globalization through the delivery of necessary
a. RA 8485 Act of 1997 support services.
b. RA 8435 c. RA 8425 Social reform and An act institutionalizing the social reform and poverty
poverty alleviation act of alleviation program, creating for the purpose the national
c. RA 8425
1997 anti-poverty commission, defining its powers and functions,
d. RA 8455 and for other purposes
d. RA 8455 An act establishing a high school in barangays San Joaquin
and Kalawaan Pasig City to be known as the San
Joaquin/Kalawaan High School, and appropriating funds
RATIONALE Fast Facts
Commonwealth Period (1935-1946)
10. He is the president during the Commonwealth Period. Quezon--> Osmeña --> Roxas
a. Manuel L. Quezon
b. Joseph Estrada President Type of Republic Period of Presidency
c. Elpidio Quirino a. Manuel L. Quezon Commonwealth Period 1935-1946
d. Emilio Aguinaldo b. Joseph Estrada Fifth Republic 1998-2001
c. Elpidio Quirino Third Republic (Post WWII) 1953-1957
d. Emilio Aguinaldo First Philippine Republic or 1899-1901
Malolos Republic
RATIONALE Points to consider: USA, to change behavior

11. USA defines extension as ______________ as it influence Term Meaning Country
people to change their behavior. a. Education influencing people to change their USA
behavior
b. Capacitation Improving people’s abilities, normally Spain
a. Education through training
c. Furthering Stimulating one to go in a desirable Austria
b. Capacitation Förderung direction
c. Furthering d. Advisory Work an expert can give advice on the best Germany
way to reach one’s goal but leaves
d. Advisory work the person the final responsibility for
selecting the way
RATIONALE Points to consider: agriculture stakeholder

12. Which among the following is/are considered among
the agriculture stakeholder(s) in extension? Agricultural extension is defined as when communication is used by field
workers in bringing new ideas to the agriculture stakeholders such as the
following:
a. Farmers a. Farmers
b. Community Members b. Community Members
c. Local Government Units(LGU), and other c. Local Government Units(LGU), and
Government Agencies other Government Agencies
d. All of the above d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
RATIONALE Points to consider: extension activities under AFMA of 1997
13. Which among the following is/are considered among
extension service(s) as enumerated in AFMA of 1997? Under the Republic Act 8435 (AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES
MODERNIZATION ACT of 1997), Extension Services are defined
a. training as the provision of the following:
b. workshop a) training
c. information and support services by GOs and NGOs. c) information and support services by the GOs and NGOs to the
d. All of the above agriculture and fisheries sectors to improve the technical,
business and social capabilities of farmers and fisherfolks.
RATIONALE Important Remarks: American Regime; Target clientele

14. During the American regime, these were established to
Options Regime Function (to highlight target clientele)
educate, and train government agricultural workers and others a.Extension American Regime function as exhibit and demonstration centers
engaged in agriculture. centers
b. Agricultural American Regime established to educate and train government agricultural
schools (1910) extension workers and others who were engaged in agriculture.
a. extension centers c. Field schools Late 1980s introduced in the Philippines by UN FAO. serves as a primary
b. agricultural schools learning resource in carrying out trainings.
a.k.a School without walls.
c. field schools d. Granjas modelos Spanish Regime (1565) granja modelos or model farms were established by the first
Spanish missionaries to educate rice, corn and tobacco farmers
d. granjas modelos in large encomiendas. These granja modelos served as
experimental stations for the Spanish government, and
demonstration center for farmers.
Important points: establishment of Land Grant Colleges and Universities

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15. The Land Grant Colleges and Universities in the USA were
Laws Purpose
establishes through this act. a. Morrill Act of 1890 Morrill Act of 1890 prohibited the distribution of money to states that made
distinctions of race in admissions unless at least one land-grant college for
African Americans, was established, and thus brought about the establishment of 19
a. Morrill Act of 1890 public black colleges
b. Morrill Act of 1862 b. Morrill Act of 1862 established federal funding for establishing many of the United States' public colleges
and universities. established to educate and train government agricultural extension
c. Land Grant Act workers and others who were engaged in agriculture.
c. Land Grant Act Morrill Act of 1862 is a.k.a. Land Grant College Act of 1862 not Land Grant Act alone
d. Smith Lever Act of 1914 d. Smith Lever Act of 1914 established the Cooperative Extension Service, a tripartite cooperation among the
federal government, the state government and the local county government in
association with state colleges and universities as extension agencies
Important points: Program, Administration, Purpose
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16. These are flagship programs of the Garcia Administration
launched 1960 which aim to achieve complete economic Program Administration Purpose
independence, and economic freedom, respectively. a.Masagana 99 Marcos Administration Program with massive dispersal of modern package of technology
including high yielding varieties, fertilizer and pesticides
a. Masagana 99 b. Buy Pinoy, and Garcia Administration Buy Pinoy is tagline produced by DTI
b. Buy Pinoy, and Filipino First Policy Filipino First
Policy
c. Austerity Program and Filipino First Policy c. Austerity Garcia Administration Austerity Program- urged the people to live simple lives and do away
d. Buy Pinoy and Austerity Program Program and
Filipino First
with luxurious lifestyles
Filipino First Policy – encouraged the people to patronize Filipino-made
Policy products and to promote Filipino labor
d. Buy Pinoy and Garcia Administration Buy Pinoy is tagline produced by DTI.
Austerity Program
Important points: English Country, Potato Blight

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17. The 1st agricultural extension service came as a
response to potato blight outbreak in this English country. Country Reason
A. England English country
a. England b. Great Britain English country
b. Great Britain c. Pennsylvania State in the USA.
c. Pennsylvania .d. Ireland English country, due to famine the 1st agricultural extension
d. Ireland (1845-1851) service was offered in 1845.
Important Remarks: Relevance

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18.This law was approved in in June 6, 1952. This law refers to the Law Reason
organization of a system of rural banks with substantial capital A. Landbank of the RA 720: Rural Bank’s Act
participation of the government. Philippines Act (RA 720)
a. Landbank of the Philippines Act (RA 720) b. Rural Banks' Act (RA -approved in 1952
720) -organization of a system of rural banks with substantial capital
b. Rural Banks' Act (RA 720) participation of the government.
c. Filipino First Policy Act of 1952 c. Filipino First Policy Act Program under the Garcia Administration in 1960
d. Filipino First Policy Act (RA 7020) of 1952
.d. Filipino First Policy Act PROGRAM under the Garcia Administration in 1960
(RA 7020)
Important Remarks: Livestock industries
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19.This bureau of the Department of Agriculture was created on January 1, 1930
Law Reason
pursuant to Republic Act 3639 to investigate, study and report the cause of a. Bureau of Plant Industry mandated to serve and support the Philippine plant industry sector through
dangerous communicable diseases and the means of prevention, and in general, research, and development, production support and regulatory services
promote the development of the livestock industries. b. Bureau of Soils and Water Mandated to Formulate measures and guidelines for the effective utilization of
Management soil and water resources as vital agricultural resources to attain food security and
safety, environmental stability through soil and water resources-based adaptation
a. Bureau of Plant Industry and mitigation measures that address multi-environmental concerns on land
degradation, climate change, and agricultural biodiversity conservation.
b. Bureau of Soils and Water Management
c.Agricultural Training Institute Mandated to lead in the formulation of the national Agriculture and Fisheries
c. Agricultural Training Institute Extension (AFE) agenda and budget;
d. Bureau of Animal Industry -prepare an integrated plan for publicly-funded training programs in agriculture
and fisheries
.d. Bureau of Animal Industry pursuant to Act 3639 to investigate, study and report the cause of dangerous
communicable diseases and the means of prevention, and in general, promote
the development of the livestock industries.
Important Remarks: English university; “extension education”

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20. The term “extension education” was first introduced by this English
Law Reason
university in 1873 to describe a particular innovation.
a. University of Chicago Not an English University
b. University of London In 1876, University of London followed the adoption of the
a. University of Chicago system by the University of Cambridge of organizing center
b. University of London of extension lectures under the university's supervision.
c. University of Cambridge (influenced by James Stuart)
d. University of the Philippines c. University of The term extension education was first introduced in the
Cambridge University of Cambridge back in 1873
.d. University of the Not an English University
Philippines
Important Remarks : Local Government Code

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21.The agricultural extension services of the DA were devolved to the Law Significance
LGUs by virtue of this Act and is known as Local Government Code of a. RA 7160: Local Government Extension and training activities were passed on the LGUs to bring government
1991. Code service closer to the people.
Give local people the control and authority and opportunity to participate in the
a. RA 7160 planning and implementation of extension programs.
b. RA 7900 (High Value Crops An act to promote the production, processing, marketing and distribution of
b. RA 7900 Development Act of 1995) high-valued crops, providing funds therefor, and for other purposes.
c. RA 3844
c. RA 3844 (Agricultural Land An act to ordain the agricultural land reform code and to institute land reforms in
d. RA 680 Reform Code) the Philippines, including the abolition of tenancy and the channeling of capital
into industry, provide for the necessary implementing agencies, appropriate
funds therefor and for other purposes
d. RA 680 Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx) was created by virtue of RA 680
Important points : unearthed clay tablets
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22. It is where unearthed clay tablets with inscribed advice on Place/ Country Significance
watering crops and getting rid of rats are found. a. Egypt (1800 BC) Some hieroglyphics on Egyptian columns gave advice on avoiding
crop damage and loss of life in Nile's floods.
a. Egypt b. China Dissemination of agricultural information was the concern of state
b. China (221 BC-1912 AD) which heavily relied on taxes and revenues from landowners and
tenants.
c. Mesopotamia c. Mesopotamia Unearthed clay tablets are inscribed with advice on watering crops
d. Ireland (1800 BC) and getting rid of rats.
d. Ireland (1845) 1st agricultural extension service came as a response to potato
blight outbreak in Ireland
Important points : Target clientele

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23. This is a type of development which means making progress Options Meaning
without sacrificing the welfare of the generations yet to come
a.Sustainable A type of development which means making progress without sacrificing the
development welfare of the generations yet to come
a. Sustainable development Target clientele: community people (present and future)
b. Rural development b. Rural development Target clientele: farmers’ associations, samahang nayon and cooperatives
c. Community development c.Community is rooted in the belief that all people should have access to health,
Development wellbeing, wealth, justice and opportunity through collective actions
d. None of the above
Target clientele: community people (present)
d. None of the above NA
Important Remarks : Quantity vs quality

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24. It is the ultimate measure of the success of an extension Options Reason
activity.
a. Number of Impact of the intervention can’t be measured on the number of technologies
technologies disseminated, alone.
a. Number of technologies disseminated disseminated
b. Measurable changes in the behavior of the target clientele b. Measurable changes most appropriate parameter, because it answers the question, How?
in the behavior of the
c. Number of farm visits done target clientele
d. None of the above c. Number of farm visits Impact of the intervention can’t be measured on the number of visits
done performed.
d. None of the above NA
Important points: 1st extension in PH
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25. It is the year when extension work started in the Options Reason
Philippines. a. 1765 No significant in the history of agriculture and history of extension in the
b. 1665 Philippines.
a. 1765 c. 1565 Establishment of “granjas modelos” or model farms by the Spaniards.
b. 1665 These model farms served both as experimental stations of the Spanish
c. 1565 government and demonstration centers for farmers.
d. 1465 d. 1465 Spanish occupation in the Philippines started in 1521, therefore this is an
invalid option.
Important Remarks: Program, Administration, Purpose

RATIONALE
26. Is a national project under Department of Agriculture (DA) that aims to
establish a modern, value chain-oriented and climate-resilient agriculture
Program Administration Purpose
and fisheries sector through infrastructure and enterprise development
a.Masagana 99 Marcos Administration Program with massive dispersal of modern package of technology
a. Masagana 99 including high yielding varieties, fertilizer and pesticides
b.Philippine Rural Benigno Aquino III Establish a modern, value chain-oriented and climate-resilient
b. Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) Development Administration agriculture and fisheries sector through infrastructure and enterprise
c. Agrikulturang Makamasa Project (PRDP) development
c. Agrikulturang Estrada Administration 10-point agenda in agriculture and fisheries
d. Medium Term AgriculturalDevelopment Project Makamasa
d..Medium Term Ramos Administration Acknowledged the two pillars of successful industrialization are trade
Agricultural and agriculture.
Development
Project
Important Remarks: Construction of Choices/ Options

RATIONALE
27. The Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 provides development and
promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines and for other purposes.
Law Purpose
This piece of legislation is known as86 / 115 correct responses
a. RA 10608 Not related to agriculture: An act creating two (2) additional branches of the regional trial
a. RA 10608 court in the eleventh judicial region to be stationed at the municipality of polomolok,
province of South Cotabato
b. RA 10068 b. RA 10068: Organic An act providing for the development and promotion of organic agriculture in the philippines
c. RA 10496 Agriculture Act of 2010 and for other purposes
c. RA 10496 Not related to agriculture” an Act separating the Sumadel national high school bulo annex
d. RA 496 in barangay Bulo, city of Tabuk, province of Kalinga from the sumadel national high school,
converting it into an independent national high school to be known as bulo national high
school and appropriating funds
d. RA 496 Land Registration Act of 1902
28. A state university facilitated a seminar titled, “Organikong
Pagsasaka para sa Kalusugan” the seminar is among the
EXTENSION AS ONE OF THE MAJOR activities that fulfills this function of agricultural universities.
FUNCTIONS OF A UNIVERSITY/ COLLEGE
a. Instruction
b. Research
c. Philosophy
d. Extension
Important Concepts: Major Functions of University

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29. Which of the following are the three major functions of
Options Reason a university?
a. Instruction offers degree programs for the baccalaureate to doctoral programs.
b. Research conducts basic & applied research from social science to natural science. a. instruction, research, and production
c. Philosophy Not function of universities and SUCs.
b. instruction, research, training
d. Extension An instrument of premeditated, deliberate intervention to achieve the intervener’s goal.
Can be effective by inducing voluntary change c. research, extension, training
hence satisfying client’s goals.
Section 90 of Agriculture and Fisheries Act 8435
d. Instruction, research, extension
-states that universities and colleges are mandated to primarily focus on the improvement
of the capability of LGU extension service.
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Important Concepts: Major Functions of University 30. Which among the following does not belong to the following
Important Remarks: Choices/ Options
services that universities and colleges can provide to LGUs, in
order improve their extension service.
Functions of Univ Options Not among the major function
and SUCs
a. Instruction a) instruction, research, and production Production a. Degree and non-degree training programs
b. Research b) instruction, research, training Training (under extension)
c. Extension
c) research, extension, training Training (under extension), redundant
b. Technical assistance
d) instruction, research, extension c. Monitoring and evaluation of LGU extension projects.
d. None of the above
Important Concepts: Major Functions of University
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Important points: not an extension activity
√
Extension Service
a. Degree and non-degree
Reason
states that universities and colleges are
COMMUNICATION
training programs mandated to primarily focus on the improvement
√
√
b. Technical assistance
c. Monitoring and evaluation of
of the capability of LGU extension service by
offering the following:
• Degree and non-degree training programs
IN EXTENSION
LGU extension projects.
• Technical assistance
d. None of the above Basic Elements of Communication | Communication Models
• Extension-cum-research activities
• Monitoring and evaluation of LGU extension
projects
• Information support services through the
tri-media and electronics
Important concepts: Communication Model

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Important points: exchange of roles
31.This Communication Model emphasizes the exchange
of roles between participants. Communication Model Definition/ Function
a.Osgood and illustrates process which emphasizes the exchange of roles between participants. i.e. the
Schramm’s Model source becomes the receiver and vice versa.
a. Osgood and Schramm’s Model (1954)
b.Shannon and This model of communication describes Who says What, in Which channel, to Whom, with What
b. Shannon and Weaver's Model Weaver's Model (1949) effect?
c. Lasswell's Model of Communication c. Lasswell's Model of Considers noise as a factor which affects the communication process
Communication (1948)
d. Dance's Helical Mode d. Dance's Helical Like the helix structure, communicators shares a small portion of themselves and gradually
Mode (1967) commit more and share bigger portions of themselves
RATIONALE RATIONALE
Models of Communication Process Model Models of Communication Process Model
Osgood and Schramm's Model Lasswell's Model of Communication

(1954) (1948)
Dance’s Helical Model

Shannon and Weaver’s Model (1967)
(1949)
Important concepts: Communication Model
RATIONALE Important points: source (encoder)-> message (through a channel)-> receiver (decoder)
32. This Communication Model is described as when a source
encodes a message for a channel to a receiver who decodes the Communication Model Definition/ Function
message. a.Osgood and Schramm’s
Model (1954)
illustrates process which emphasizes the exchange of roles between participants. i.e.
the source becomes the receiver and vice versa.
a. Osgood and Schramm’s Model b.Shannon and Weaver's This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between
Model (1949) sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process
b. Shannon and Weaver's Model called “Noise”.
c. Lasswell's Model of Communication c. Lasswell's Model of
-a.k.a. Sender – receiver Model or Linear Model of communication
This model of communication describes Who says What, in Which channel, to Whom,
d. Berlo’s Model of Communication with What effect?
d. Berlo’s Model (1960s) Source encodes a message for a channel to a receiver who decodes the message.
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Models of Communication Process Model

33. Is an attribute of the communication process wherein it
is described as an ever-changing character.
Berlo's Model
(1960)
a. Systemic
b. Dynamic
c. interaction through symbols
d. Meaning is personally constructed
Important Remarks: ever-changing character

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34. Which of the following is the correct communication model
Communication as a Definition designed by Berlo?
Process
a.Systemic - as a system, it consists of a group of elements which interact to influence each other
and the system as a whole a. SMERC
b. Dynamic has an ever-changing character, fluctuates constantly never fixed, no clear beginnings b. SCMRE
and endings
c. Interaction thru symbols - essential in communication that what symbols we select and how they are organized c. SMREC
affect other’s interpretation of our messages d. SMCRE
d. Meaning is personally - no two people construct the same meaning even if they hear or see the same thing.
constructed ) .
77 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

RATIONALE Important concepts: Communication Model
Important remarks: Familiarity on Berlo’s Model
35. Which of the following elements in Berlo’s communication
Models of Communication Process Model
model in ENCODED into symbols?
Berlo's Model
(1960) a. S
b. M
c. R
d. C

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Elements of Communication RATIONALE Important Concept: Elements of Communication
Element Function
Source Encoder or Sender
Message Sign and symbols arranged deliberately in certain ways in order to
communicate information or meaning.
MESSAGE Channel the message through which the message is sent from the source to the
receiver.
SENDER RECEIVER
CHANNEL Receiver -Decoder
another person (or another group of persons, an organization, an agency,
institution, etc.) receiving the idea.
FEEDBACK -targets of communication
Feedback or Effect The information that is sent or fed back by the receiver intentionally or
unintentionally to the source.
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Elements of Communication

36. The farmer listening to the explanation of the extension worker
on the steps to follow are also in a communication situation and Element Function
are representing these element of communication: Source Encoder or Sender
Message Sign and symbols arranged deliberately in certain ways in order to
a. S communicate information or meaning.
Channel the message through which the message is sent from the source to the
b. M receiver.
c. R Receiver -decoder
another person (or another group of persons, an organization, an agency,
d. C institution, etc.) receiving the idea.
-targets of communication
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Elements of Communication
37. When an extension worker is explaining the steps in
the use of technology, he is in a communication situation Element Function
Source Encoder or Sender
and is serving as the_______(element of communication). Message Sign and symbols arranged deliberately in certain ways in order to
communicate information or meaning.
a. S Channel the message through which the message is sent from the source to the
receiver.
b. M
Receiver -decoder
c. R another person (or another group of persons, an organization, an agency,
institution, etc.) receiving the idea.
d. C -targets of communication
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Characteristics of Source*

Attributes of Communication Process**
38. It refers to a receiver’s perception of the believability of
the source in a particular situation. Options Description
a. systemic** Communication should be recognized as a system that consists of a group of
elements that interacts with each other and the system as a whole
a. Systemic b. credibility* Refers to a receiver’s perception of the believability of the source in a particular
situation.
b. Credibility c. interacting through Essential in communication that what symbols we select and how they are organized
symbols** affect other’s interpretation of our messages.
c. Interacting through symbols
d. meaning is personally No two people construct the same meaning even if they hear or see the same thing.
d. Meaning is personally constructed. constructed**
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Characteristics of Source*

Dimensions of Credibility **
39. When a source is perceived in terms of self-confidence,
poise, dignity, level-headedness s/he is being observed in Options Description
a. composure** when a source is perceived in terms of self-confidence, poise, dignity,
terms of his/her___________ level-headedness, etc. his or her credibility is based on the composure
a. Composure dimension.
b. credibility* refers to a receiver’s perception of the believability of the source in a
b. Credibility particular situation.
c. Character c. character** When a source is perceived as honest, trustworthy, friendly, reliable, pleasant,
warm, etc. his or her credibility is based on the character dimension.
d. Competence
d. competence** . when a source is perceived as well-trained, competent, intelligent,
experienced, witty, bright, etc. his or her credibility is based on the
competency dimension.
Important Concepts: Communication Model
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Important Points: Noise as a factor
40. This Communication Model considers noise as a factor
which affects the communication process Communication Model Function
a. Osgood and Schramm’s illustrates process which emphasizes the exchange of roles between participants. i.e.
Model (1954) the source becomes the receiver and vice versa.
a. Osgood and Schramm’s Model b. Shannon and Weaver's This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between
Model (1949) sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process
b. Shannon and Weaver's Model called “Noise”.
c. Lasswell's Model of Communication c. Lasswell's Model of
-a.k.a. Sender – receiver Model or Linear Model of communication
This model of communication describes Who says What, in Which channel, to Whom,
d. Berlo’s Model of Communication with What effect?
d. Berlo’s Model (1960s) Source encodes a message for a channel to a receiver who decodes the message.
41. Among the five stages of the Adoption Process what adoption process
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND enables the farmers to become aware that the technology or innovation
exists, even though they lack adequate information about it?
DIFFUSION PROCESS a. Awareness
b. Evaluation
c. Interest
Stages of Adoption Process | Types of Adopters |
Attributes of Technology
d. Trial

Important points: to become aware or promote awareness

RATIONALE
42. In the five stages of Adoption Process it is described as the,
Stages of Description Source of information
Adoption “Decision making stage!”
Process
1. Awareness The farmer becomes aware that the technology or innovation
exists, but he lacks the adequate information about it.
Mass media: (1) radio (2) news
articles, (3) news letters
a. Awareness
2. Interest Farmer becomes interested and seeks more information Mass Media b. Evaluation
3. Evaluation farmer evaluates technology with his conditions, expectations, Group Contacts
resources, and decides whether or not to try it
c. Adoption/ Rejection
4. Trial farmer collects the required inputs, learns any new skills that Group Contacts d. Interest
are required, commits some land, labor and money for the
trial, sees what happens.
5. Adoption/ Decision making stage! Individual Contacts
Rejection

Important points: Decision making stage!
RATIONALE
43. If the farmer begins to ask these questions: Can I do it? How
Adoption can I do it? Is it better than my usual brand? What stage of the
Process Adoption Process is s/he on?
1. Awareness The farmer becomes aware that the technology or innovation Mass media: (1) radio (2) news
exists, but he lacks the adequate information about it. articles, (3) news letters
2. Interest Farmer becomes interested and seeks more information Mass Media a. Awareness
3. Evaluation farmer evaluates technology with his conditions, expectations, Group Contacts b. Evaluation
4. Trial farmer collects the required inputs, learns any new skills that Group Contacts c. Adoption/ Rejection
trial, sees what happens. d. Interest
Rejection

Important points: seeking of factual information

RATIONALE
44. High risk-takers! They are 1st person to adopt. These people
Adoption are classified as what category or type of adopter?
Process
1. Awareness The farmer becomes aware that the technology or innovation
exists, but he lacks the adequate information about it.
Mass media: (1) radio (2) news
articles, (3) news letters
a. Innovator
2. Interest Farmer becomes interested and seeks more information Mass Media b. Early Majority
3. Evaluation farmer evaluates technology with his conditions, expectations, Group Contacts
c. Late Majority
4. Trial farmer collects the required inputs, learns any new skills that Group Contacts d. Laggards
trial, sees what happens.
Rejection
0
Important points: High risk takers! Important Concepts: Categories of Adopters

RATIONALE RATIONALE
Categories of Adopters Description

st
1. Innovators (2.5%) 1 person to adopt. They go ahead the experiment.
2. Early adopters Respectable. Those who follow quickly the lead set by the innovators.
(13.5%) The man to check with
3. Early majority (34%) Watch the innovators and early adopters first, but do not delay much longer before
adoption.
4. Late majority (34%) Skeptical. Conservative and careful. Do not adopt until most or a great number of
neighbors have adopted/changed their practice
5. Laggards (16%) Traditional. The last to adopt.
Suspicious of innovators and change agents
Important points: Last to adopt!
RATIONALE
45. If your neighbor is the last to adopt the latest introduced technology
and is suspicious of innovators and change agents, then s/he is classified Categories of Adopters Description
as? 1. Innovators (2.5%) st

1 person to adopt. They go ahead the experiment.
a. Innovator 2. Early adopters

(13.5%)
Respectable. Those who follow quickly the lead set by the innovators.
The man to check with
b. Early Majority 3. Early majority (34%) Watch the innovators and early adopters first, but do not delay much longer before
adoption.
c. Late Majority 4. Late majority (34%) Skeptical. Conservative and careful. Do not adopt until most or a great number of
neighbors have adopted/changed their practice
d. Laggards 5. Laggards (16%) Traditional. The last to adopt.
Suspicious of innovators and change agents
3
Important Remarks: Characteristics of an Early Adopter

RATIONALE
46. A barangay official is an example of an early adopter
because s/he possesses the following characteristics, EXCEPT? Options Characteristics
√ a. respectable -Respectable
a. Respectable √ b. s/He follows quickly the -Those who follow quickly the lead set by the innovators
lead set by the innovators -The man to check with”
b. S/He follows quickly the lead set by the innovators c. s/he is conservative and
-Younger than the average
-Has higher educational attainment.
c. S/he is conservative and careful. careful.
-Socially active
√ d. S/He is labeled as “ The
d. S/He is labeled as “ The man to check with” -Read more than the early majority
man to check with”
5
Important Concepts: Characteristics of Clientele that Influence

RATIONALE
Adoption or Diffusion
47. Which of the following is/are characteristics of a clientele
that influence adoption or diffusion? Options Characteristics
√ a. Educational Level Educational Level
a. Education Level √ b. Family size Family Size
Family Size Farmer’s Experience
b. √ c. Farmer’s experience
Family Aspiration
c. Farmer’s experience √ d. All of the above Tenure Status
d. All of the above Value and belief Systems
Personality Characteristics
7
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Attributes of Technology
48. When you chose to buy a machine that can be operated in just one
click compared to a machine that will take you five clicks before you can Attributes of Technology Definition
operate the said machine, you are looking at what attribute of a a. Relative advantage Degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the
previous one.
technology? -The proven effectiveness or superiority of the new idea that
includes the cost of technology
a. Relative advantage b. Complexity Favor a practice that requires less time and effort
b. Complexity Simpler = Higher Adoption rate
c. Compatibility The difficulty or ease to understand, to do or to follow a technology.
c. Compatibility Consistency with existing values, experiences needs and resources
d. Trialability of the farmer.
d. Trialability the degree to which an innovation can be experimented or duplicated on
a small scale basis
9

49. When you try to ask yourself whether a certain technology or
innovation is better than your usual brand or “brand x” you are looking Attributes of Technology Definition
this attribute of technology. a. Relative advantage Degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the
previous one.
-The proven effectiveness or superiority of the new idea that
a. Relative advantage includes the cost of technology
b. Complexity b. Complexity Favor a practice that requires less time and effort
Simpler = Higher Adoption rate
c. Compatibility c. Compatibility The difficulty or ease to understand, to do or to follow a technology.
d. Observability Consistency with existing values, experiences needs and resources
of the farmer.
d. Observability -to see is to believe.”
-degree to which results of an innovation are visible to others.
1

50. When a farmer believes in this saying, “To see is to believe”, before
Attributes of Technology Definition
adopting a process he is looking at this attribute of a technology.
a. Relative advantage Degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the
previous one.
a. Relative advantage -The proven effectiveness or superiority of the new idea that
b. Complexity includes the cost of technology
b. Complexity Favor a practice that requires less time and effort
c. Compatibility Simpler = Higher Adoption rate
d. Observability c. Compatibility The difficulty or ease to understand, to do or to follow a technology.
Consistency with existing values, experiences needs and resources
of the farmer.
d. Observability - “to see is to believe.”
-degree to which results of an innovation are visible to others.
3
EXTENSION TEACHING
METHODS (ETM)
Classification of Extension Teaching Methods |
Advantages and Limitations
RATIONALE Important points: Direct Contact; first-hand knowledge

Options Direct Feedback: Definition / Reason
Contact First-hand
knowledge
a. Print media x x A form of mass media. These are the different publications
produced to disseminate technologies and other valuable
information to intended clienteles.
b. Group methods √ √ Among the examples of group method are (a) Lecture, (b)
meeting, (c) group discussion, (d) lakbay-aral, etc. Although,
these ETMs are effective, most of the time, these ETM does
not permit exchange of ideas between the trainer and the
audience
c. Information Technology NA NA application of technology to solve business or organizational
problems on a broad scale
d. Individual Methods or √ √ The most effective ETM in order to gather first-hand
Individual Contacts knowledge of them and their situation is a must
8
RATIONALE Important points: most common individual method, effective either

for familiarization of the farm situation or as a follow-up activity.
Options Individual Definition / Reason
method
a. Farm and home visit √ Involves interpersonal interaction between extension
worker(EW) and clientele in the farm or farmer's home
b. Meeting x Among the examples of group method (a) Lecture, (b)
group discussion, (c) lakbay-aral, etc
c. Result Demonstration √ Usually conducted in the farmer's field involving the
cooperation of selected cooperator whereby a component
technology or a recommended practice is demonstrated side
by side with an existing practice.
d. Individual Methods or NA The most effective ETM in order to gather first-hand
Individual Contacts knowledge of them and their situation is a must
0
RATIONALE Important points: “how-to” information
Options Definition / Reason
a. Result Usually conducted in the farmer's field involving the cooperation of selected
Demonstration cooperator whereby a component technology or a recommended practice is
demonstrated side by side with an existing practice.
b. Method Emphasizes the principle of learning by doing by not only telling how but
demonstration showing how the skill is being done.
c. Radio A form of broadcast media which basically makes use of the audio mode in
disseminating information simultaneously to thousands or even millions of
potential receivers.
d. Computers Computers can be a source of how-to’s information however this may vary to
the receiver of the information. Also, the sender of information cannot monitor
whether the receiver (learner) was able to apply information gathered.
2
RATIONALE Important points: “To see is to believe”

a. Method Emphasizes the principle of learning by doing by not only telling how but
demonstration showing how the skill is being done.
b. Result Appeals to people who wants proof before trying
Demonstration Usually conducted in the farmer's field involving the cooperation of selected
cooperator whereby a component technology or a recommended practice is
demonstrated side by side with an existing practice.
c. Object Broad classification
d. Tour Planned and guided visit of a group of participants to a specific site/s for the
obtaining the first-hand information about a organization and its
services/products.
It may not be applicable to all subjects .
4
Important points: find the reaction of people to issues

RATIONALE
a. Group meeting A gathering where officers and members of the organized group, or a group of
intended clientele with the extension worker for a definite purpose. The meeting
also provides the attendees with the opportunity to interact with one another.
b. Print medium The different publications produced to disseminate technologies and other
valuable information to intended clienteles.
People with limited education may not fully appreciate the printed information.
c. Broadcast (Radio, Presentation medium which basically makes use of the audio mode in
TV, and Exhibits) disseminating information simultaneously to thousands or even millions of
potential receivers.
d. Tour Planned and guided visit of a group of participants to a specific site/s for the
obtaining the first-hand information about a organization and its
services/products.
It may not be applicable to all subjects .
6
Important points: prepared oral presentation
RATIONALE
a. Small group Is an activity where a group of three to 10 meet together to discuss
discussion informally but deliberately a topic of mutual concern usually under the
guidance of the leader.
b. Lecture a verbal presentation by a single speaker to a group of listeners
c. Meetings A gathering where officers and members of the organized group, or a
group of intended clientele with the extension worker for a definite
purpose. The meeting also provides the attendees with the opportunity
to interact with one another
d. Panel An informal discussion of a topic participated in by a group of 2-8
Discussion speakers for the benefit of listeners
8
Important points: source of information; awareness stage Important points: source of information; awareness stage
RATIONALE RATIONALE
Options Mass Media

√ a. TV Advertisement TV
√ b. Newspaper Radio
Printed Media
√ c. Radio commercial
exhibits
√ d. All of the above
Important points: Not in written form

RATIONALE
a. Bulletins -Is a semi-technical publication on a package of technology intended for extension
workers
b. Leaflets Is a single-sheet printed material containing brief information on a specific
information that is not necessarily a step by step procedural instruction to follow, but
is also needed by the farmer. -It can be back to back and may be folded.
c. Circular letters -used by EWs to transmit important information. Used to transact official business.
-most farmers do not take advantage of the services of the extension office, hence
they may not feel the need to go to the extension office.
d. Office calls Refers to the use of landline and cellphone by the clientele in order to seek technical
assistance or information from EW
1
Important points: Not in visual form
RATIONALE
a. TV -used by EWs to transmit important information. Used to transact official business.
b. Motion Pictures - A form of electronic media
e.g.16 mm films, 8 mm films, super 8 mm films, 35 mm films
c. Posters -Single sheet visuals containing photographs and captions to highlight a
recommendation and promote awareness. -Intended to attract initial attention or
provide constant reminder about a recommendation or message.
d. Circular letters -used by EWs to transmit important information. Used to transact official business.
3
Important points: Not in spoken form

RATIONALE
a. Meetings -an organized and purposive assembly of a constituted group of farmers, homemakers and
youth for the purpose of deliberating, planning, deciding on or executing specific business
of the constituted group
b. Farm and home -are for providing and getting information and also an opportunity to arouse interest in farm,
visits home or community improvements not yet recognized by the individual as desirable.
c. Posters -Single sheet visuals containing photographs and captions to highlight a recommendation
and promote awareness.
-Intended to attract initial attention or provide constant reminder about a recommendation
or message.
d. Radio calls involves direct personal contact between the extension worker and the individual desiring
information or assistance
5
Approach – embraces the entire spectrum of the
EXTENSION process. It states a point of view, a philosophy, an

article of faith (Garcia, 1989). There can be several
methods within an approach.
APPROACHES Method – a procedural consisting of a series of

actions arranged logically for the smooth flow of
operation.
Technique – a particular trick, strategy, individual

artistry of the teacher/extension worker
Important points: commodity; production factors
RATIONALE
Extension Definition / Reason
Approach
a. Commodity promotes the production of a certain important crop by emphasizing the available
Approach production factors such as the ff: (a)use of improved varieties, (b) better farm inputs,
(c)different cultural methods, etc.
b. Transfer of Solutions have normally been developed at research stations.
Technology -Results will be translated as messages to farmers via extension worker, who is the link
Approach between researcher and farmers.
c. Area Approach -aims to improve the whole area.
- efforts are often made to have a whole village /community grow just one variety of crop
that is best adapted to the locality.
- aims to produce a volume for the market to attract better prices.
d. Farming System -Improvement of TOT approach
Approach -Identifies farm level constraints to technology adoption.
-Encourages the direct communication of researcher, farmers, and development workers.
9
Important points: whole area

RATIONALE
Approach
1
Important points: Researcher -> EW -> Farmer

RATIONALE
Approach
3
Important points: improved TOT; farm-level constraints of technology
RATIONALE
EA Definition / Reason
a. Commodity promotes the production of a certain important crop by emphasizing the available production factors
Approach such as the ff: (a) use of improved varieties, (b) better farm inputs, (c)different cultural methods, etc.
b. Farming System Improvement of TOT approach
- efforts are often made to have a whole village /community grow just one variety of crop that is best
adapted to the locality.
d. Participatory - Farmers are involved in the whole process of decision-making;
Extension Approach (1) from data collection and analysis
(2) identifications of problems, constraints and opportunities
(3) preparation of improvement plans to implementation
(4) monitoring and evaluation.
5
Important points: active participation of farmer in the whole process

RATIONALE
a. Participatory - Farmers are involved in the whole process of decision-making;
b. Farmer’s Field -Refers to the experiential learning approach where the farmer’s field serves as a primary learning
School resource in carrying out an intensive training on integrated pest management throughout the entire
- a.k.a School without growing season of the crop.
walls -trains farmers to become IPM experts in their own fields
c. Participatory main aim of PTD is enhancing the local capacity to analyze on going processes and to develop
Technology Dev’t relevant and feasible technological innovations suited to the local condition
d. Training and visit -has been devised in order to bring about agricultural development through the involvement of
approach responsible farmers
- premised on the theory that peer influence is effective in disseminating new technologies.
7
Important points: to develop technological innovations

RATIONALE
9
Important points: farmer’s field as primary learning resource
RATIONALE
1
Important points: practiced by DA-ATI

RATIONALE
b. General Agricultural -Its program planning is controlled by the government and changes priority from time to time.
Extension -Its program planning is made on a national basis with some freedom for local adaptation.
c. Commodity -promotes the production of a certain important crop by emphasizing the available production
Approach factors such as the ff: (a)use of improved varieties, (b) better farm inputs, (c)different cultural
methods, etc.
d. Project approach An extension approach with a basic assumption that better results can be achieved in a particular
location.
-An EA where a project is implemented in a certain area and the planning is controlled by the
outsiders, the donor agency and the government.
3
Important points: practiced by DA-PhilRICE

RATIONALE
b. General Agricultural -Its program planning is controlled by the government and changes priority from time to time.
Extension -Its program planning is made on a national basis with some freedom for local adaptation.
c. Commodity -promotes the production of a certain important crop by emphasizing the available production
Approach factors such as the ff: (a)use of improved varieties, (b) better farm inputs, (c)different cultural
methods, etc.
d. Project approach An extension approach with a basic assumption that better results can be achieved in a particular
location.
outsiders, the donor agency and the government
5
Important points: hired project staff
RATIONALE
a. Project approach An extension approach with a basic assumption that better results can be achieved in a particular
location.
outsiders, the donor agency and the government
b. General Agricultural Its program planning is controlled by the government and changes priority from time to time.
Extension -Its program planning is made on a national basis with some freedom for local adaptation
c. Participatory - Farmers are involved in the whole process of decision-making;
d. Training and Visit -has been devised in order to bring about agricultural development through the involvement of
Approach responsible farmers
7
71. An element of community which is defined as social

COMMUNITY convention of carrying out traditions
a. manners
ORGANIZING b. customs
c. tradition
d. mode of speech.
RATIONALE Important Concepts: Elements of Community 72. Which among the following DOES NOT belong to the set of
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
a. manners. Way of doing particulars
a. common system of values
b. customs. Social convention carried on by tradition
b. recognition of belongings
c. tradition. Handing down orally of customs, beliefs and
others from generation to generation c. normatively deﬁned relation
d. mode of speech. Language of a certain people or group. d. NONE OF THE ABOVE
RATIONALE Important Concept: Elements of Community
73. When a community organizer performs the following: (a) assess
a. common system of values- end goal or purpose of social action training needs (b) plans and conducts educational program to enhance
b. recognition of belongings- We get our greatest joy through association with others who make us capabilities, s/he functions as:
feel that we have unity
c. normatively defined relation- Norms are the accepted ways of behaving that govern group life in all a. trainer
societies and at all times.
Other elements of community. b. advocate
d. Interdependence- Needing and depending upon each other
e. System of stratification.- the way in which a large group of people living together is divided into c. researcher
classes.
d. planner
f. locality- Area occupied by closely-knit.
RATIONALE Important points: plans and conducts educational program

74. When a community organizer performs the following: (a) initiate
debates and actions regarding critical problems, (b) monitors and
Task of a community Function
organizer nurtures growth of individuals and groups, s/he functions as:
a. trainer (a) assess training needs (b) plans and conducts educational program to
enhance capabilities, a. facilitator
b. advocate evokes and provokes meaningful discussions and actions
b. advocate
c. researcher (a) Social analysis, (b) engages in social integration to understand social
phenomena from the eyes of the people c. researcher
d. planner (a)conducts analysis of area resources and potentials (b) systematizes
group action d. catalyst
Important points: initiate debates and actions regarding critical problems

RATIONALE 75. When a community organizer performs the following (a)conducts analysis of area
Task of a community Function resources and potentials (b) systematizes group action, and (c) assists local groups in
organizer
planning for their common good, s/he functions as:
a. facilitator (a) enhance individual and group strengths and minimizes weaknesses
and conflicts.(b)heightens group unity. (c)assist individuals and groups to
respond to common interests a. facilitator
b. advocate evokes and provokes meaningful discussions and actions
c. researcher (a) Social analysis, (b) engages in social integration to understand social b. advocate
phenomena from the eyes of the people
c. researcher
d. catalyst (a) initiate debates and actions regarding critical problems, (b) monitors
and nurtures growth of individuals and groups d. planner
RATIONALE Important points: plans and conducts educational program
Task of a community Function

organizer
a. facilitator (a) enhance individual and group strengths and minimizes weaknesses
and conflicts.(b)heightens group unity. (c)assist individuals and groups to
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
b. advocate
respond to common interests
evokes and provokes meaningful discussions and actions
AND ITS UNDER AGENCIES
c. researcher (a) Social analysis, (b) engages in social integration to understand social
phenomena from the eyes of the people
d. planner (a)conducts analysis of area resources and potentials (b) systematizes
group action, and (c) assists local groups in planning for their common
good

RATIONALE
Ramos Admin; trade and agriculture

b.GMA Cares
Ginintuang Masaganang Ani
Macapagal -AFMA with special emphasis on its social equity aspect.
Countrywide Assistance for Administration - Countrywide assistance for rural employment and services
Rural Employment and
Services (GMA-CARES).

Makamasa
d. Medium Term Ramos Administration Acknowledged the two pillars of successful industrialization are trade
Development
Project

RATIONALE
Marcos Admin: 40 cavans to 99 cavans/ ha

b.GMA Cares
Ginintuang Masaganang Ani
Macapagal -AFMA with special emphasis on its social equity aspect.
Countrywide Assistance for Administration - Countrywide assistance for rural employment and services
Rural Employment and
Services (GMA-CARES).

Makamasa
d. Medium Term Ramos Administration Acknowledged the two pillars of successful industrialization are trade
Development
Project
Important points: Five high level Biotechnology Research Projects
RATIONALE
Administration Flagship Programs
a. Benigno Aquino III Agri-Pinoy Framework Philippine Development Plan of 2011-2016
as guide to the plans and goals of the Department to attain a sustainable and globally
competitive national agriculture and fisheries sector, and attain the goals and objectives under
the Philippine Development Plan of 2011-2016
b. Estrada five high level biotechnology research projects were funded by government: • Transgenic
banana and papaya resistant to banana bunchy top virus and papaya ringspot virus,
respectively • Delayed ripening of papaya and mango • Bt corn • Marker-assisted breeding in
coconut • Coconut with high lauric acid content.
c. Ramos Medium Term Agricultural Development Project
-acknowledged the two pillars of successful industrialization are trade and agriculture.
d. Marcos Masagana 99 to address rice self sufficiency
Microfinance
Important points: synchronized credit policies

RATIONALE
Law Reason
a. Agricultural Credit Policy -assist DA in synchronizing all credit policies and programs in support of DA’s
Council priority programs
b. Fertilizer and Pesticide Mandated to assure the agricultural sector of adequate supplies of fertilizer and
Authority pesticide at reasonable prices, rationalizing the manufacture and marketing of
fertilizer, protecting the public from the risks inherent in the use of pesticides, and
educating the agricultural sector in the use of these inputs.
c. Agricultural Training Institute Mandated to lead in the formulation of the national Agriculture and Fisheries
Extension (AFE) agenda and budget;
-prepare an integrated plan for publicly-funded training programs in agriculture
and fisheries
.d. Bureau of Animal Industry pursuant to Act 3639 to investigate, study and report the cause of dangerous
communicable diseases and the means of prevention, and in general, promote
the development of the livestock industries.
RATIONALE Important points: first organized office that implemented extension
Government Agency Year Established Significant Event

a. Bureau of Agricultural 1952 Consolidated all existing extension activities being carried of
Extension by different offices.
b. Agricultural Division 1932 BPI's Agricultural Extension Division was renamed to
Agricultural Division which carried out extension services up to
the Commonwealth Act was passed.
c. Demonstration and Extension 1919 expanded its activity to include:(a) farmer's cooperatives,
Division (b)organizations, (c) rural credit, (d)marketing, (e) animal
insurance and (f) farm advisers
d. Home Extension Service 1923 Founded by Maria Y. Orosa, the Home Extension Service
which began as a unit under the Organic Chemistry Division
(OCD) of the Bureau of Science.
Important points: adequate supply of fertilizer and pesticide
RATIONALE
Government Organization Mandate
a. Fertilizer and Pesticide mandated to assure the agricultural sector of adequate supplies of fertilizer and
Authority (1977) pesticide at reasonable prices, rationalizing the manufacture and marketing of
fertilizer, protecting the public from the risks inherent in the use of pesticides,
and educating the agricultural sector in the use of these inputs.
b. National Fisheries Research As the lead agency for fisheries research and development in the country, the
and Development Institute institute is mandated to provide the much needed leadership in fisheries
(1998) research.
c. National Meat Inspection Is a specialized regulatory agency in the Department of Agriculture that is the
Service (1972) country’s sole national controlling and competent authority on all matters
pertaining to meat inspection and hygiene both for locally produced and
imported meat.
.d. Philippine Carabao Center is mandated to conserve, propagate, and promote the Carabao as a source of
(1992) milk, meat, draft power and hide to benefit the rural farmers.
Important points: leadership in fisheries research

RATIONALE
(1998) research.
imported meat.
Important Points: meat inspection

RATIONALE
(1998) research.
imported meat.
Important points: promote carabao and its uses.
RATIONALE
(1998) research.
imported meat.
Important Remarks: Philippine Dairy Industry

RATIONALE
b. Bureau of Animal Industry pursuant to Act 3639 to investigate, study and report the cause of dangerous
(1930) communicable diseases and the means of prevention, and in general, promote
the development of the livestock industries
imported meat.
.d. National Dairy Authority mandated to ensure the accelerated development of the Philippine dairy industry
(1995) through policy direction and program implementation.
86. The specific office at the municipal or city government that plans 87. The process of determining in advance what is to be done, what
and implements agricultural programs and projects is the are the goals of the activity, what approaches and methods to use
_____________ when the activity will be done and how much an activity will cost is
called ______________.
a. Municipal Agriculture Office
b. Municipal Environment Office a. program planning
c. Municipal Cooperative Office b. program evaluation
d. Municipal Planning and Development Office c. program implementation
d. program monitoring
Important Remarks: determining in advance
RATIONALE
Options Reason 88. Which of the following is NOT an example of agricultural
a. program planning determining in advance what is to be done, what are the resource?
goals of the activity, what approaches and methods to
use when the activity will be done and how much an A. water
activity will cost B. agricultural manpower
b. program evaluation Result of monitoring and assessment C. air
c. program Project execution D. policies
implementation
d. program monitoring Performed in order come up with an evaluation
Important points: Effective communication

RATIONALE
89. Effective communication means_________________. Options Reason
A. There are no blocks or Barriers are inevitable
barriers in the communication
B. There is a communication A uniform message does not translate to effective communication
A. There are no blocks or barriers in the communication fidelity
B. There is a communication fidelity
c. Source of message and its Ultimate parameter
C. Source of message and its receiver are homophily receiver are homophily
D. Getting the message across
d. Getting the message across Cannot determine whether the source and the receiver interpreted the message
as one.
90. It is the time of leadership of Pres.________ when the Magsaysay Administration (1953-1957)
Philippines became a member of UN-FAO (Food and Agriculture
Philippines became a member of UN-FAO (Food and Organization of the United Nations)
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) With the key commitment to the eradication of hunger and poverty, FAO collaborates
with the Government of the Philippines in the main areas of Agriculture, Forestry,
Fisheries, Food Security, Nutrition, and Rural development.
A. Aguinaldo FAO’s multi-disciplinary team in the Philippines has expertise in food security and
B. Arroyo nutrition, agronomy/farming systems, environment and natural resources, fisheries,
C. Laurel disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change action (CCA), operations,
procurement, communications and knowledge management, partnerships, and
D. Magsaysay resource mobilization.
91. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
was a program of President _________________?
Random Topics a. Joseph Ejercito Estrada
b. Ferdinand E. Marcos
in Extension c. Fidel V. Ramos
d. Cory C. Aquino

RATIONALE
CARP
92. By virtue of Executive Order No. 116 in 1987,the Bureau of
Agricultural Extension, the Philippine Agricultural Training Council and the
Administration Program Purpose
Philippine Training Center for Rural Development were merged and
a. Estrada Agrikulturang 10-point agenda in agriculture and fisheries
Administration Makamasa became this underagency of DA.
b. Ramos Medium Term Agricultural Acknowledged the two pillars of successful industrialization are trade
Development Project
Administration and agriculture. a. Rice and Corn Authority
c. Marcos Masagana 99 Program with massive dispersal of modern package of technology b. Ministry of Agriculture
Administration including high yielding varieties, fertilizer and pesticides
d.Cory Aquino CARP June 10, 1988, The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), c. Agricultural Training Institute
Administration is an agrarian reform law of the Philippines whose legal basis is the d. Bureau of Agricultural Extension
Republic Act No. 6657. It is the redistribution of private and public
agricultural lands to help the beneficiaries survive as small independent
farmers, regardless of the “tenurial” arrangement.
Points to consider: EO 116 s. 1987

RATIONALE
BAEx +PATC +PTCRD = ATI
Government Agency Year Established through Significant Event

93. Complete the phrase, "In agricultural extension,
Established these Laws/ AO/ EO the classroom is ______________.
a. Rice and Corn 1964 Executive Order No. coordinating agency to unify and integrate the
Authority (RCA) 62 administration and implementation of existing
laws, rules, and regulations on rice and corn; a. in the church
b. Ministry of Agriculture 1978 PD NO. 1579 and LOI
No. 595
Created ministry-wide regional offices in Ministry
of Agriculture and the appointment of 12
b. in the city
ministry-wide regional directors and 24 assistant c. in the school
regional directors, and 75 PAOs (1980)
c. Agricultural Training 1987 EO 116 ATI was born. The Bureau of Agricultural d. where the people are
Institute Extension, Philippine Agricultural Training
Council and the Philippine Training Center for
Rural Development were merged.
d. Bureau of Agricultural 1952 R.A. 680 Consolidated all existing extension activities
Extension being carried of by different offices.
Important points: "In extension, the classroom is ______________.
RATIONALE
RATIONALE Important Concept: Three Modes of Education
CATEGORY Formal Non-Formal In-formal Options Reason

Key points -structured -learning of -diversity in methods a. in the church Not the best answer (sub-component of option D)
-subject oriented professional skills -real life examples of b. in the city Not the best answer (sub-component of option D)
degree learning
c. in the school Formal setting which is not the nature of extension
Example -learning in a -adult literacy -parent teaching a child d. where the people are Since extension is a form of non-formal education, this
classroom setting education how to prepare a meal option best completes the statement as this upholds one
-extension of the principles of extension and that is working with
rural people.
Important points: Law which led to the creation of

RATIONALE
Presidential Assistant on Community Development (PACD)
94. In 1956, this executive order was issued to
Options Provision
create the office of the Presidential Assistant on
a. E.O No. 57 creation of Community Development Planning Council (CDPC).
Community Development (PACD). of 1954
a. E.O No. 57 b. E.O No. 183 RCPCC ->NFAC (National Food and Agriculture Council)
b. E.O No. 183 Series of 1969
c. E.O No. 62 c. E.O No. 62 RCPCC ->RCA
d. E.O No. 156 Series of 1964 Rice and Corn Production and Coordinating Council (RCPCC) to
Rice and Corn Authority (RCA)
d. E.O No. 156 Community Development Planning Council to PACD.
Series of 1956 PACD shall act for and in behalf of the President in all matters
pertaining to community development
RATIONALE Points to consider: Ministry of Agriculture and Food
95. On June 30, 1984, the ministry of agriculture was Laws/ AO/ EO Year Government Agency Significant Event
Established
renamed Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) by the a. Act no. 2666 1916 Department of BA to DANR
virtue of this directive from the president. (Not RA 2666) Agriculture and Natural Bureau of Agriculture to DANR
Resources (DANR
a. Act no. 2666 b. R.A. 680 1952 d. Bureau of Consolidated all existing extension activities
b.R.A. 680 Agricultural Extension being carried of by different offices.
c. PD NO. 1579 and LOI 1978 b. Ministry of Created ministry-wide regional offices in Ministry
c. PD NO. 1579 and LOI No. 595 No. 595 Agriculture (MA) of Agriculture and the appointment of 12
ministry-wide regional directors and 24 assistant
d. EO 967 regional directors, and 75 PAOs (1980)
d. EO 967 1984 Ministry of Agriculture MA to MAF
and Food
Important points: Law which led to the creation NFAC
RATIONALE
96 The National Food and Agricultural Council
.
Options Provision
(NFAC) was created in 1969 by virtue of this
a. E.O No. 57 creation of Community Development Planning Council (CDPC).
directive. of 1954
a. E.O No. 57 b. E.O No. 183 RCPCC ->NFAC (National Food and Agriculture Council)
b. E.O No. 183 Series of 1969
c. E.O No. 62 c. E.O No. 62 RCPCC ->RCA
d. P.D. no. 1 Series of 1964 Rice and Corn Production and Coordinating Council (RCPCC) to
Rice and Corn Authority (RCA)
d. P.D. 1 of 1972 APC -> BAEx
Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC) back to its original
name which is BAEx
Important points: Important factor when selecting a communication channel

RATIONALE
97. An important factor to consider when selecting
Option Explanation
a communication channel is ____________. a. cost in the use of Can be determined after determining the size and nature of channel.
a. cost in the use of the channel the channel
b. level of sophistication of the channel b. level of Can be determined after determining the size and nature of channel.
sophistication of the
c. size and nature of audience channel
d. versatility of the channel c. size and nature of Among the primary information gathered for Training Needs Assessment
audience (TNA), therefore this will lead to determination of cost, level of
sophistication, and versatility of channel.
d. versatility of the Can be determined after determining the size and nature of channel.
channel
RATIONALE Points to consider: DA during Marcos Leadership
98. During Marcos Leadership, the Department of Agriculture is Government Agency Year Laws/ AO/ EO Significant Event
known as _____________. Established
a. Department of 1916 Act no. 2666 BA to DANR
a. Department of Agriculture and Natural resources Agriculture and Natural (Not RA 2666) Bureau of Agriculture to DANR
b. Ministry of Agriculture (MA) Resources (DANR)
b. Ministry of Agriculture 1978 PD NO. 1579 and LOI Created ministry-wide regional offices in Ministry
c. Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) (MA) No. 595 of Agriculture and the appointment of 12
d. Dept. of Agriculture and Commerce ministry-wide regional directors and 24 assistant
regional directors, and 75 PAOs (1980)
c. Ministry of Agriculture 1984 EO 967 MA -> MAF
and Food
d. Dept. of Agriculture and 1932 Act No. 4007 DANR ->DAC
Commerce The Reorganization Law of 1932
Important points: NOT among the functions of Extension
RATIONALE
99. . The following is the function of agricultural extension
Option Explanation
EXCEPT: a. Improve the farming methods Among the functions of extension
a. Improve the farming methods and techniques and techniques
b. Uplift the social and educational standards of Rural life b. Uplift the social and educational Among the functions of extension
standards of Rural life
c. Increase production efficiency and income c. Increase production efficiency Among the functions of extension
d. Increase the political advantage of the incumbent LGU and income
officials d. Increase the political advantage Extension was never intended to do self-service acts.
of the incumbent LGU officials
Important points: NOT among the University Extension Functions

RATIONALE
100. The following is the university extension
Option Explanation
functions, EXCEPT:
a. Improve the profitability Among the University Extension Functions
a. Improve the profitability b. Improve the productivity Among the University Extension Functions
b. Improve the productivity c. Serve the interest of Extension was never intended to do self-service
c. Serve the interest of change agent change agent acts.
d. Improve the equity
d. Improve the equity Among the University Extension Functions

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OUTLINE

AGRICULTURAL I. OVERVIEW OF EXTENSION

OVERVIEW OF 1. This refers to a body of principles underlying

EXTENSION the like.

RATIONALE Points to consider: DED -> AES

RATIONALE Points to consider: Founder of Home Extension Service

RATIONALE Points to consider: RA 680 of 1952

RATIONALE Points to consider: Modernize the agriculture and fisheries

RATIONALE Points to consider: USA, to change behavior

RATIONALE Points to consider: agriculture stakeholder

RATIONALE Important Remarks: American Regime; Target clientele

Important points: establishment of Land Grant Colleges and Universities

Important points: English Country, Potato Blight

Important Remarks: Relevance

Important Remarks: English university; “extension education”

Important Remarks : Local Government Code

Important points : Target clientele

Important Remarks : Quantity vs quality

Important Remarks: Program, Administration, Purpose

Important Remarks: Construction of Choices/ Options

Important Concepts: Major Functions of University

Important concepts: Communication Model

Models of Communication Process Model Models of Communication Process Model

Osgood and Schramm's Model Lasswell's Model of Communication

Dance’s Helical Model

Models of Communication Process Model

Important Remarks: ever-changing character

77 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

79 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Elements of Communication

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Characteristics of Source*

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Characteristics of Source*

93 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

Important points: to become aware or promote awareness

95 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

97 UPSTEP REVIEW CENTER : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION - FINAL COACHING

Important points: seeking of factual information

Important points: High risk takers! Important Concepts: Categories of Adopters

Categories of Adopters Description

as? 1. Innovators (2.5%) st

a. Innovator 2. Early adopters

Important Remarks: Characteristics of an Early Adopter

Important Concepts: Characteristics of Clientele that Influence

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Attributes of Technology

RATIONALE Important Concepts: Attributes of Technology

RATIONALE Important points: Direct Contact; first-hand knowledge

RATIONALE Important points: most common individual method, effective either

RATIONALE Important points: “To see is to believe”

Important points: find the reaction of people to issues

Options Mass Media

Important points: Not in written form

Important points: Not in spoken form

Approach – embraces the entire spectrum of the

EXTENSION process. It states a point of view, a philosophy, an

APPROACHES Method – a procedural consisting of a series of

Technique – a particular trick, strategy, individual

Important points: whole area

Important points: Researcher -> EW -> Farmer

Important points: active participation of farmer in the whole process

Important points: to develop technological innovations

Important points: practiced by DA-ATI

Important points: practiced by DA-PhilRICE

71. An element of community which is defined as social