Questions for Research (Rubric

based – 60 points)
1. What is the function of each
part of the neuron?
Questions for Research (Rubric
based – 60 points)
1. What is the function of each
part of the neuron?
Questions:

1. What is the function of each part of the neuron?

2. What are the different types of neurons based on structure? Where
are they usually located?
3. What are the different types of neurons based on function? Where
are they usually located?
4. What are the cells that help in sustaining neurons? What are their
functions?
5. How do neurons transmit information or signals from the brain to the
organs and vice versa?
6. What are the different brain regions? What are their functions?
7. What are the major parts of the brain? Discuss their functions each.
8. What are the major parts of the spinal cord? How do these parts help
in signal transmission?
9. Enumerate and provide the action governed by the cranial nerves
10. What is myelin sheath? What is its role in impulse
transmission?
 11. How do neurons transmit
information or signals from
the brain to the organs and
vice
12. versa How do neurons transmit information or signals from the brain to
the organs and viceversa?

Questions for Research (Rubric

based – 60 points)
1. What is the function of each
part of the neuron?
● Cell Body or Soma – The
cell body keeps and sustains the
neuron’s structure, gives out
energy to power up activities,
and transports genetic
information.
● Axon – They are
specialized projections that
enable neurons to communicate
with the
other cells using electrical and
chemical impulses.
● Dendrites – It is the
specialized extensions of the
cell body that is responsible for
receiving signals from other
neurons. They are also the ones
processing them and
transmitting the information to
the neuron’s soma.
● Myelin Sheath – It is an
insulating layer that is
composed of proteins and fats
and it
allows electrical signals to
travel quickly and easily
through the nerve cells.
● Nucleus – It carries the
genes, stores hereditary
information, and controls the
cell's
function.
● Schwann Cell – It is the
equivalent of Myelin Sheath in
the Peripheral Nervous System
that serves as an insulating layer
and also supports the cells of
peripheral neurons.
● Axon Terminal – It is the
tail end of a nerve axon’s
branch that releases
neurotransmitters of the
presynaptic cell.
2. What are the different types
of neurons based on structure?
Where are they usually
located?
● Unipolar - within the skin,
joints, muscles, and internal
organs
● Bipolar - retina of the eye,
the roof of the nasal cavity, and
inner ear
● Multipolar - central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord)
● Pseudounipolar - sensory
ganglia of most cranial nerves
3. What are the different types
of neurons based on function?
Where are they usually
located?
● Sensory neurons - Sensory
neurons are found within the
dorsal root of the spinal
cord, particularly in the sensory
ganglia. They are responsible
for obtaining
information from the body's
environment.
● Motor neurons - Motor
neurons are neurons that are
part of the central nervous
system. They are responsible
for receiving stimuli from the
spinal cord and
immediately regulate muscle
movements.
● Interneurons - Interneurons
connect both the sensory neuron
and motor
neuron. They receive
information from other neurons
and transmit it to another.
4. What are the cells that help in
sustaining neurons? What are
their functions?
Glia in Central Nervous System
(CNS)
• Oligodendrocytes – Forms
myelin in which it insulates
axons of many neurons
that is responsible for increasing
the rate wherein an axon can
conduct an action
potential.
• Microglia – These types of
cells are less common. They
help the immune system
by becoming phagocytic in
response to infections or tissue
damage.
● Cervical - Depending on the
spinal level where they branch
out from the spinal cord,
they offer functional control and
sensation to various regions of
the body.
● Thoracic - The rib cage,
lungs, diaphragm, and muscles
that help you breathe are all
controlled by these nerves and
muscles. These are necessary
for balance and posture, as
well as coughing and expulsion
of foreign particles from the
airway.
● Lumbar - The L1 spinal
nerve delivers sensation to the
groin and vaginal regions, as
well
as contributing to hip muscle
movement. The front section of
the thigh and the inside
side of the lower leg are
supplied by the L2, L3, and L4
spinal neurons.
● Sacral - Most of the pelvis
and leg are controlled by these
nerves, which also receive
sensory input.
● Coccygeal - These nerves
supply sensory and motor
innervation to their dermatomes
and myotomes, respectively.
They also supply partial
innervation to the uterus,
fallopian
tubes, bladder, and prostate,
among other pelvic organs.
12. What is myelin sheath?
What is its role in impulse
transmission?
● Myelin sheath is made up of
lipids and proteins that are
wrapped around the axon.
Since it is multilayered, its fatty
substance forms a sleeve that
protects the axon of
neurons. It insulates them and
increases the speed of nerve
impulse conduction.
● The destruction of the
myelin sheath is called multiple
sclerosis, this may result in
short-circuiting of nerve
impulses. Meaning, it will slow
down the circulation of nerve
impulse transmission. This
condition limits the electrical
signals to be transmitted
through neurons How do neurons transmit information or signals
from the brain to the organs and viceversa?