CAL 2. Chapter 1 IM 2 Part 2 1

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus
DEGREE PROGRAM BSABE COURSE NO. En Math 2

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Calculus 2
YEAR LEVEL 2 TIME FRAME WK NO. IM NO. 2
I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Chapter 1. Anti-derivative/Indefinite Integral (Part 2)
II. LESSON TITLE

Trigonometric Functions Involving Power
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Integration by Parts
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
V. LESSON CONTENT
CHAPTER 1. ANTI-DERIVATIVE/INDEFINITE INTEGRAL (PART 2)
E. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS INVOLVING POWERS
 sin
m
Case I. u cosn udu , where 𝑚 or 𝑛, or both are odd integers.
In this integral, if the exponent on the sines (𝑚) is odd we can factor out one sine, convert the rest
to cosines using the Pythagorean identities and then use the substitution 𝑢 = cos 𝑥. Likewise, if the
exponent on the cosines (𝑛) is odd we can factor out one cosine and convert the rest to sines and the use
the substitution 𝑢 = sin 𝑥.
Of course, if both exponents are odd then we can use either method. However, in these cases it’s
usually easier to convert the term with the smaller exponent.
Use the following identities:
sin 2 u  1  cos2 u , where 𝑚 is odd
cos2 u  1  sin 2 u , where 𝑛 is odd
 sin
m
Case II. u cosn udu , where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are both even integers.
The integration of an even power of sine or cosine requires a substitution different from the one we
have used for odd powers.
Use the following identities to reduce the powers of sine and cosine:
1 1
sin 2 u  (1  cos 2u ) cos2 u  (1  cos 2u )
2 2
 tan udu or  cot n udu , where 𝑛 is any positive integer.

n
Case III A.
Write: tan n u  tan n2 u tan 2 u Use the following identities:
or tan 2 u  sec 2 u  1
cot n u  cot n2 u cot 2 u cot 2 u  csc2 u  1
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IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
where 𝑛 = 1
sin 𝑢
∫ tan 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = − ln cos 𝑢 + 𝑐
cos 𝑢
cos 𝑢
∫ cot 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ln sin 𝑢 + 𝑐
sin 𝑢
 sec udu or  cscn udu , where n is any positive even integer.

n
Case III B.
Write: sec n u  sec n2 u sec 2 u Use the following identities:
or sec 2 u  1  tan 2 u
cscn u  cscn2 u csc2 u csc2 u  1  cot 2 u
 sec u tan n udu or  cscm u cot n udu , where m is any positive even integer.
m
Case IV A.
Write: sec n u  sec n2 u sec 2 u Use the following identities:
or sec 2 u  1  tan 2 u
cscn u  cscn2 u csc2 u csc2 u  1  cot 2 u
 sec u tan n udu ; or  cscm u cot n udu , where n is any positive odd integer.
m
Case IV B.
Write: Use the following identities:

secm u tan n u  secm1 u tan n1 u sec u tan u
tan 2 u  sec 2 u  1
m1 n1
csc u cot u  csc
m n
u cot u cscu cot u
cot 2 u  csc2 u  1
Case V.  sin mu cos nudu ;  cos mu cos nudu ; or  sin mu sin udu
Product of sines and cosines:
1
sin mu cos nu  [sin( m  n)u  sin( m  n)u ]
2
1
cos mu cos nu  [cos(m  n)u  cos(m  n)u ]
2
1
sin mu sin nu  [cos(m  n)u  cos(m  n)u ]
2
Examples:
Case I.
a) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: In this example, the exponent on the sines (𝑚) is odd, we factor out one sine, convert
the rest to cosines using the Pythagorean identities and then use the substitution 𝑢 = cos 4𝑥. Remember,
if the integrand contains an odd power and an even power, it is the odd power that should be split into
factor. If both powers are odd, then either one may be split into factors.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠2 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let: 𝑢 = cos 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −4 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
−4 sin 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1
∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑢2 sin 4x = − ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫(𝑢2 − 𝑢4 ) 𝑑𝑢
−4 sin 4𝑥 4 4
1 𝑢3 𝑢5 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 4𝑥 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝟒𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝟒𝒙

=− ( − )+𝑐 = − ( − )+𝑐 =− + +𝒄
4 3 5 4 3 5 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎
b) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: In this example, the exponent on the cosine (𝑛) is odd, we factor out one cosine, convert
the rest to sines using the Pythagorean identities and then use the substitution 𝑢 = sin 2𝑥.Notice that
both exponent are odd, we can use either method. However, in these cases, it’s usually easier to
convert the term with the smaller exponent.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let: 𝑢 = sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
2 cos 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1
∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑢5 cos 2x = ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 = ∫(𝑢5 − 𝑢7 ) 𝑑𝑢
2 cos 2𝑥 2 2
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛8 2𝑥 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔 𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖 𝟐𝒙

= ( − )+𝑐 = − +𝒄
2 6 8 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟔
c) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: So, in this case we’ve got both sines and cosines in the problem and in this case the exponent
on the sine is odd while the exponent on the cosine is even. So, we can use a similar technique in this
integral. We factor out one cosine, convert the rest to sines using the Pythagorean identities and then
use the substitution 𝑢 = sin 𝑥.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let: 𝑢 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑢3 𝑢5
= ∫ 𝑢2 (1 − 𝑢2 ) cos x = ∫ 𝑢2 (1 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢2 − 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 = − +𝑐
cos 𝑥 3 5
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝒙
= − +𝒄
𝟑 𝟓
d) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: In this example, the exponent on the cosine (𝑛) is odd, we factor out one cosine, convert
the rest to sines using the Pythagorean identities and then use the substitution 𝑢 = sin 𝑥.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let: 𝑢 = sin 𝑥
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )2 cos 𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 12 − 2𝑢2 + 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
cos 𝑥
2𝑢3 𝑢5 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝒙

=𝑢− + + 𝑐 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − + +𝒄
3 5 𝟑 𝟒
Case II.
a) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution 1: Notice that the exponents are both even. There are often more than one way to do integrals
in which both of the exponents are even. There are at least two solution techniques for this problem. In this
solution we will use the half angle formula to help simplify the integral. These only works if both exponents
are even.
4
1 1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥)4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( sin 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
2 16 16
Now, we use the double angle formula for sine to reduce to an integral that we can do.
1 1 1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − cos 2(2𝑥))2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − cos 4𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∙ ∫(1 − cos 4𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
16 2 16 4 16 4
1 1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 − 2 cos 4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 − 2 cos 4𝑥 + (1 + cos 8𝑥)𝑑𝑥
64 64 2
For ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙, because the exponent of cosine is even, use the half angle identities
1 1 1 1 3 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 − 2 cos 4𝑥 + + cos 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − 2 cos 4𝑥 + cos 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥
64 2 2 64 2 2
1 3 2 sin 4𝑥 1 sin 8𝑥 1 3 2 sin 4𝑥 sin 8𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑥− + ]+𝑐 = [ 𝑥− + ]+𝑐
64 2 4 2 8 64 2 4 16
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒙− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟖𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
Solution 2: In this solution we will use the half angle identities or formula (SEATWORK)
b) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Solution: using the half-angle formula
1 1 𝒚 𝟏
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 − cos 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = [∫ 1𝑑𝑦 − ∫ cos 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦] = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒄
2 2 𝟐 𝟒
𝑑𝑢
For ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦, let 𝑢 = 2𝑦, d𝑢 = 2, dx=
2
c) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Solution: using the half-angle formula
3
1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦)3 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [ (1 − cos 2𝑦)] 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(1 − cos 2𝑦)3 𝑑𝑦
2 8
Apply Case 1
1
= ∫ 13 − 3 cos 2𝑦 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
8
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
1 1 2
= ∫ 1 − 3 cos 2𝑦 + 3 [ (1 + cos 4𝑦)] − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑦 cos 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
8 2
1 3 3
= ∫ 1 − 3 cos 2𝑦 + + cos 4𝑦 − (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑦) cos 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
8 2 2
1 5 3
∫ − 3 cos 2𝑦 + cos 4𝑥 − (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑦) cos 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=
8 2 2
1
For 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑦, let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑦, 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑦, we will get ½ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑦
6
1 5 3 3 sin 4𝑥 1 1
= [ 𝑦 − sin 2𝑦 + ∙ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑦] + 𝑐
8 2 2 2 4 2 6
5 3 3 1 1
= 𝑦− sin 2𝑦 + sin 4𝑦 − sin 2𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑦 + 𝑐
16 16 64 16 48
𝟓 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒚 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒚 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒄
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟔𝟒 𝟒𝟖
CASE III A
Example:
1. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Solution: The trick to this one is do the following manipulation of the integrand
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

For∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥, Let : 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢2 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − (− ln|cos 𝑥 |) + 𝑐 = + 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙| + 𝒄
2 𝟐
3
2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Solution:
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝒙
=− − 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙| + 𝒄
𝟐
3. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥𝑑𝑥 SEATWORK (2 ways to solve)
CASE III B
Example 1. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Solution: Split up even powers of secant or cosecants into factors containing second powers.
Then leaving one second power as an integrating factor.
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 + 1)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛4 7𝑡 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 + 1)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 7𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 7𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Let: 𝑢 = tan 7𝑡
𝑑𝑢 = 7𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑡 = 27𝑠𝑒𝑐 7𝑡
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 7𝑡 2𝑡𝑎𝑛3 7𝑡 tan 7𝑡

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [ + + ]+𝑐
7 5 3 1
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓 𝟕𝒕 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝟕𝒕 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝒕

∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟔 𝟕𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = + + +𝒄
𝟑𝟓 𝟐𝟏 𝟕
CASE IV A
Example 1. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: If the power of secant is even, factor out one
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒. Use the substitution 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥. Doing
this gives
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Let: 𝑢 = tan 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= ∫(𝑢3 𝑥 + 𝑢5 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
4 6 𝟒𝒙
𝑢 𝑢 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔 𝒙
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝑐 = + +𝒄
4 6 𝟒 𝟔
CASE IV B
Example 1. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Solution: If the power for tangent is odd, factor out one 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢, then convert the rest using
identities stated above. Use the substitution 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. Doing this gives,
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑢2 − 1)2 𝑢2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 tan 𝑥
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑢2 − 1)2 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫(𝑢4 − 2𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢6 − 2𝑢4 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑢7 2𝑢5 𝑢3 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟕 𝒙 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟓 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝒙

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − + +𝑐 = − + +𝒄
7 5 3 𝟕 𝟓 𝟑
Example 2. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: If the power for cotangent is odd, factor out one 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢, then convert the rest using
identities stated above. Use the substitution 𝑢 = csc 𝑥. Doing this gives,
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 − 1) csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let: 𝑢 = csc 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑢4 − 𝑢2 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝑢5 𝑢3 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟓 𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟑 𝒙
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑢4 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − ( − ) + 𝑐 = − + +𝒄
5 3 𝟓 𝟑
CASE V
Example: ∫ sin 4𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let: 𝑚 = 4, 𝑛 = 3,
1
sin 4𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [sin(4 + 3)𝑥 + sin(4 − 3)𝑥]
2
1
= (sin 7𝑥 + sin 𝑥)
2
1
∫ sin 4𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (sin 7𝑥 + sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1 1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ sin 7𝑥 + sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2 7
For ∫ sin 7𝑥, let 𝑢 = 7𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 7
1 1 𝟏 𝟏
∫ sin 4𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∙ [∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄
2 7 𝟏𝟒 𝟐
F. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
du u
1.  a u 2 2
 sin 1
a
c
du 1 u
2. a 2
u 2
 tan 1  c
a a
du 1 u
3. u u a2 2

a
sec 1  c
a
Examples:
𝒅𝒙
1. ∫
√𝟕−𝟒𝒙𝟐
Solution: in solving inverse trigonometric function, we have to make it look exactly the same
with the formula, for us to be able to integrate it.
Let: 𝑎2 = 7, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = √7
𝑢2 = 4𝑥 2 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
∫ =∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = (𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ) + 𝒄
√7 − 4𝑥 2 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 2 2 √𝑎 − 𝑢
2 2 𝟐 √𝟕
3𝑑𝑥
2. ∫
√4−9𝑥 2
Solution:
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
Let: 𝑎2 = 4, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = 2
𝑢2 = 9𝑥 2 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑢 = 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
3
3𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑢 𝟑𝒙
∫ =∫ = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 +𝒄
√4 − 9𝑥 2 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 3 𝟐
cos 𝜃
3. ∫ 2 𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃+3
Solution:
Let: 𝑎2 = 3, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = √3
𝑢2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃, 𝑠𝑜 𝑢 = sin 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
∫ 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 2 =∫ 2 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 +𝒄
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 3 𝑢 + 𝑎2 cos 𝜃 𝑢 + 𝑎2 √𝟑 √𝟑
8𝑑𝑥
4. ∫
𝑥√4𝑥 2 −1
Solution:
Let: 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = 1
𝑢
𝑢2 = 4𝑥 2 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑢 = 2𝑥; 𝑥 =
2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
2
8𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ = 8∫ = 8∫𝑢 = 8∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑥√4𝑥 2 −1 𝑥√4𝑥 2 −1 2 √𝑢 − 𝑎 2
2 2 𝑢√𝑢 − 𝑎2
2
2
8𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑥
∫ = 8 [ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ] + 𝑐 = 𝟖𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑥√4𝑥 2 −1 1 1
𝑥3
5. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1
Solution: To integrate a rational function where the degree of the numerator is not less than
the degree of the denominator, divide the numerator by the denominator. By performing long
division, we get
𝑥3 𝑥
=𝑥− 2
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 +1
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
∫ =∫𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1
𝑥
For ∫ , 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
𝑥3 𝒙𝟐 𝟏
∫ = − 𝐥𝐧|𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏| + 𝒄
𝑥2 +1 𝟐 𝟐
𝑑𝑥
6. ∫ 2
𝑥 −4𝑥+7
Solution: In this case, the denominator is first rearranged to show a perfect square which will
give equivalent 𝑢2 in the formula. By completing the square, we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 =∫
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 7 (𝑥 − 2)2 + 3
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
Let: 𝑎2 = 3, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = √3
𝑢2 = (𝑥 − 2)2 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝟏 𝒙−𝟐
∫ =∫ =∫ 2 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 +𝒄
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7 (𝑥 − 2)2 + 3 𝑢 + 𝑎2 √𝒙 √𝟑
G. INTEGRATION BY PARTS
∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
Sometimes, we come across integrals which could be evaluated directly by the standard
integration formulas which we have just learned. We now consider an integration procedure which we
may use for such integrals.
The formula for the differential of a product is:

𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 + 𝑣 or 𝑑(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Integrating both sides, we shall obtain the following
∫ 𝑑(𝑢𝑣) = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑣 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝒖𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗𝒅𝒖
To use this formula, we will need to identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, compute 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣 and then use the formula.
Note: There is no rule set on how to choose 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣. Experience and practice will give us the
skill to be able to choose correctly. It is important, that 𝑑𝑣 must be chosen so that ∫ 𝑑𝑣 can be
evaluated.
In evaluating 𝑑𝑣, it is not necessary to introduce a constant of integration, because it will
be taken care of in the final result.
Always perform integration by substitution (𝑢 substitution), if it does not work, then use
other formula
One of the more complicated things about using this formula is you need to be able to
correctly identify both the 𝑢 and the 𝑑𝑣. It won’t always be clear what the correct choices are and
we will, on occasion, make the wrong choice. This is not something to worry about. If we make
the wrong choice, we can always go back and try a different set of choices.
Examples:
1. ∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: Pick 𝑢 so that you can integrate the rest, and pick 𝑢 so that 𝑑𝑢 is better and easier
to work on
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = sin 𝑥, this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
Substituting our values to the formula
∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗𝒅𝒖
∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(sin 𝑥) − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(sin 𝑥) − (− cos 𝑥) + 𝑐 = 𝒙(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) + (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) + 𝒄
1. ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗𝒅𝒖
∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄
2. ∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let: 𝑢 = ln 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑥 , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
𝑥
Substituting in the formula for integration by parts, we have
∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 (𝑥) − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒄
3. ∫ 𝑥 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let: 𝑢 = ln 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
1 𝑥4
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣= , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
𝑥 4

𝑥4 𝑥4 1
∫ 𝑥 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 ( )−∫ ∙ 𝑑𝑥
4 4 𝑥
4
𝑥 1
∫ 𝑥 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 ( ) − ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4 4
4
𝑥 1 𝑥4 𝟏 𝒙𝟒
∫ 𝑥 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 ( ) − ( ) + 𝑐 = 𝒙𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − +𝒄
4 4 4 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
4. ∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let: 𝑢 = sin 2𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
𝑥3
𝑑𝑢 = 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣= , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
3
Is this easy to integrate? NO!
𝑢 substitution does not work,
𝑥3 𝑥3 so we have to perform
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 ( ) − ∫ ∙ 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 integration by parts again! So
3 3
be wise on picking 𝑢.
So let’s try again!

If Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥2, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = − cos 2𝑥 , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"
2
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material
Ismaythis easier fortoeducational
be reproduced integrate?
purposes
YES! 𝑢 substitution does not
work, so we have to perform
integration by parts again! So
be wise on picking 𝑢.
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
1 1
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (− cos 2𝑥) − ∫ − cos 2𝑥 ∙ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 2
1
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (− cos 2𝑥) + ∫ 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑣 = sin 2𝑥
2
1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (− cos 2𝑥) + 𝑥 ( sin 2𝑥) − ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (− cos 2𝑥) + 𝑥 ( sin 2𝑥) − ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (− cos 2𝑥) + 𝑥 ( sin 2𝑥) (− (− cos 2𝑥)) + 𝑐
2 2 4
𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
∫ 𝑥 3 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
Notice that in this example we did the integration by parts twice. This can happen anytime!
5. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
Solution: Notice that the cosecant has an odd exponent, so we have to factor on cosecant.
Doing this gives,
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
Let: 𝑢 = cos 𝜃, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"

𝑑𝑢 = −cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃 𝑑𝜃, 𝑣 = − cot 𝜃 , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ − cot 𝜃 (− cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ cot 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1) cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Notice that the original function ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 has recurred, we can eliminate it by adding it to both
side of the equation
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) + ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 , 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 2

cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) + ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 =
2
3
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽|
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = − + +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
IM No.:EN MATH 2-1S-2022-2023
6. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let: 𝑢 = sin 2𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"
𝑑𝑢 = 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 , this is the integral of the "𝑑𝑣"

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (do the integration by parts again)
Let 𝑢 = cos 2𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = −2 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 [𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢]
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 [cos 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (−2 sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥]
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 [cos 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥]

Notice that the original function ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 has recurred, we can eliminate it by adding
4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (include the constant) to both side of the equation
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 cos 2𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
5 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 cos 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 )

=
5 5
𝒙 (𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝒆 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙)
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = +𝒄
𝟓
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)
II. ASSIGNMENT
III. REFERENCES

CAL 2. Chapter 1 IM 2 Part 2 1

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

DEGREE PROGRAM BSABE COURSE NO. En Math 2

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

II. LESSON TITLE

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

E. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS INVOLVING POWERS

sin 2 u  1  cos2 u , where 𝑚 is odd

cos2 u  1  sin 2 u , where 𝑛 is odd

 tan udu or  cot n udu , where 𝑛 is any positive integer.

Write: tan n u  tan n2 u tan 2 u Use the following identities:

 sec udu or  cscn udu , where n is any positive even integer.

Write: sec n u  sec n2 u sec 2 u Use the following identities:

cscn u  cscn2 u csc2 u csc2 u  1  cot 2 u

Write: sec n u  sec n2 u sec 2 u Use the following identities:

cscn u  cscn2 u csc2 u csc2 u  1  cot 2 u

Write: Use the following identities:

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠2 4𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑢3 𝑢5 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 4𝑥 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝟒𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝟒𝒙

∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛8 2𝑥 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔 𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖 𝟐𝒙

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2𝑢3 𝑢5 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝒙

1 3 2 sin 4𝑥 1 sin 8𝑥 1 3 2 sin 4𝑥 sin 8𝑥

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥𝑑𝑥 SEATWORK (2 ways to solve)

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 + 1)2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛4 7𝑡 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 7𝑡 + 1)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 7𝑡 2𝑡𝑎𝑛3 7𝑡 tan 7𝑡

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓 𝟕𝒕 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝟕𝒕 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝒕

= ∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫(𝑢2 − 1)2 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫(𝑢4 − 2𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢6 − 2𝑢4 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

𝑢7 2𝑢5 𝑢3 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟕 𝒙 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟓 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝒙

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

F. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

The formula for the differential of a product is:

∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(sin 𝑥) − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(sin 𝑥) − (− cos 𝑥) + 𝑐 = 𝒙(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) + (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) + 𝒄

Substituting our values to the formula

So let’s try again!

Let: 𝑢 = cos 𝜃, 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 , remaining function after choosing "𝑢"

Substituting our values to the formula

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ − cot 𝜃 (− cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ cot 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1) cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) − ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

2 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (− cot 𝜃) + ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 , 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 2

Substituting our values to the formula

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (do the integration by parts again)

Let 𝑢 = cos 2𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = −2 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 [𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢]

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − 2 [cos 2𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (−2 sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥]