DESIGN OF SINGLY ESTIMATED BEAM

REINFORCED BEAM WEIGHT

CEPRCD30 – Principles of Reinforced Concrete
Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo

BEAM PROPORTIONS

LOAD COMBINATION
DEFLECTIONS NSCP SECTION 203.3 LOAD
COMBINATIONS USING STRENGTH
NSCP 2015 SECTION 409.3 DESIGN DESIGN OR LOAD AND RESISTANCE
LIMITS FACTOR DESIGN
“Where strength design or load and resistance
factor design is used, structures and all portions
NSCP SECTION 409.3.1 thereof shall resist the most critical effects from the
“For non-prestressed beams not supporting or
following combinations of factored loads.”
attached to partitions or other construction likely to
be damaged by large deflections, overall beam
1.4D (203-1)
depth, h shall satisfy the limits in Table 409.3.1.1,
1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R) (203-2)
unless the calculated deflection limits of Section
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) (203-3)
409.3.2 are satisfied.”
1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R) (203-4)
1.2D + 1.0E + f1L (203-5)
Table 409.3.1.1
0.9D + 1.0W +1.6H (203-6)
Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams
0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H (203-7)
Support Condition Minimum h[1] where:
Simply Supported l/16 f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for
One End Continuous l/18.5 live loads in excess of 4.8kPa and for garage live
Both End Continuous l/21 load or
Cantilever l/8 = 0.5 for other live loads.
[1] Expressions applicable for normal weight
concrete and fy=420 MPa. For other cases,
minimum h shall be modified in accordance with
Sections 409.3.1.1.1 through 409.3.1.1.3, as STEEL REINFORCEMENT
appropriate.

NSCP SECTION 409.3.1.1

“For fy other than 420MPa, the expressions in
𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
Table 409.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 + ”
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕

NSCP SECTION 409.3.1.1.1

“For non-prestressed beams made of lightweight
concrete having 𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐 in the range of
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1440 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 1840 , the expressions Table 409.3.1.1
𝑚𝑚3
shall be multiplied by the greater of (a) and (b):” BALANCED STEEL RATIO
(a) 1.65 − 0.0003𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐
(b) 1.09 Balanced condition
Steel yields while
Simply concrte cracks
Over reinforce - compression
controls
One end Concrete cracks beforce steel yeilds
Steel yields before concrete cracks
Under-reinforce - tension controled
 MINIMUM STEEL RATIO

NSCP SECTION 409.6

REINFORCEMENT LIMITS
REQUIRED STEEL RATIO SECTION 409.6.1 MINIMUM FLEXURAL
REINFORCEMENT IN NON-
PRESTRESSED BEAMS
SECTION 409.6.1.1
“A minimum area of flexural reinforcement 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ,
shall be provided at every section where tension
reinforcement is required by analysis.”
SECTION 409.6.1.2
“𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 shall be greater of (a) and (b), except as
provided in Section 409.6.1.3. For statically
determinate beam with a flange in tension, the
value of 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 shall be lesser of 𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 and 2𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 .”
�𝑓𝑓′ 𝑐𝑐
a. 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑
4𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
1.4
b. 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
SECTION 409.6.1.3
“If 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 provided at every section is at least one-third
greater than 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 required by analysis, Sections
409.6.1.1 and 409.6.1.2 need not be satisfied.”

MAXIMUM STEEL RATIO

NSCP SECTION 409.3.3

REINFORCEMENT STRAIN LLIMIT IN
NON-PRESTRESSED BEAMS
SECTION 409.3.3.1
“For non-prestressed beams with 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 < 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏′𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄,
𝝐𝝐𝒕𝒕 shall be at least 0.004.”
 CONCRETE COVER SPACING
REQUIREMENTS
NSCP 2015 SECTION 420.6.1
SPECIFIED CONCRETE COVER
SECTIO 420.6.1.3 SECTION 409.9.4.2
“Non-prestressed cast-in-place concrete members “Minimum spacing for longitudinal reinforcement
shall have specified concrete cover for shall be in accordance with Section 425.2.”
reinforcement at least given in Table 420.6.1.3.1.”
SECTION 425.2 MINIMUM SPACING OF
Concrete
Specified REINFORCEMENT
Member Reinforcement Cover,
Exposure
mm SECTION 425.2.1
Cast against “For parallel non-prestressed reinforcement in a
and horizontal layer, clear spacing shall be at least the
permanently greatest of 25 mm, 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 and (4/3)𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 .”
All All 75
in contact
with the SECTION 425.2.2
ground “For parallel non-prestressed reinforcement placed
20 mm Ø in two or more horizontal layers, reinforcement in
Exposed to through 50 mm 50
weather or Ø bars the upper layers shall be placed directly above
in contact All 16 mm Ø bar, reinforcement in the bottom layer with a clear
with the MW200 or
40 spacing between layers of at least 25mm.
ground MD200 wire,
and smaller
40 mm Ø and 50
40
Slabs, joists, mm Ø bars
and walls 36 mm Ø bar
Not exposed 20
and smaller
to weather
Beams, Primary
or in contact
columns, reinforcement,
with ground
pedestals, stirrups, ties, 40
and tension spirals and
ties hoops
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. Design the smallest, single layer singly
reinforced beam for the beam shown. Use a
concrete compressive strength of 20.68 MPa, a
steel yield strength of 413.69 MPa, Ø10 mm
stirrups and Ø16 mm main bars.

ASSIGNMENT

An exterior beam was designed by a structural engineer

having a base of 300 mm and a height of 500 mm. It
was designed to have 3−∅25 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 bars for first layer
tension and 2- ∅28 mm bars for second layer tension
following the spacing requirements of the code where
the clear distance of the two layers is 28 mm and ∅10
mm is used as stirrups. The material properties are as
follow: 𝑓𝑓 ′𝑐𝑐 = 33.93 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 and 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓=420 𝑀𝑀𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎. The
engineer has overlooked a certain requirement of the
code provision and the peer reviewer have suggested
to redesign this beam.
Determine the following:
What particular provision of the code have been
violated by the designer? Prove your answer.
Redesign the most economical single layer singly
reinforced beam by using the moment capacity of the
initially designed beam stated above. (Use the same
material properties and bar diameters mentioned
above)