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Struktur Beton
Bayzoni
2020

Referensi

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Nawy 5ed 2005

DEFINITION OF
BALANCED CONDITIONS

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0,851 f c '  600 

b   600  f 
fy  y 

CODE DEFINITIONS OF
TENSION-CONTROLLED
AND COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED SECTIONS
 Definitions of Effective Depth and Distance to Extreme
Layer of Tension Reinforcement

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Definitions of Tension-Controlled and

Compression-Controlled Sections
 A tension-controlled section has a tension-reinforcement area such that
when the beam reaches its nominal flexural strength, the net tensile
strain in the extreme layer of tensile steel, εt is greater than or equal
to 0.005
 A compression-controlled section has a tension-reinforcement area such
that when the beam reaches its nominal flexural strength, the net
tensile strain in the extreme layer of tensile steel, εt is less than or
equal to the yield strain

Definitions of Tension-Controlled and

Compression-Controlled Sections

 A transition-zone section has a tension-reinforcement

area such that when the beam reaches its nominal
flexural strength, the net tensile strain in the extreme
layer of tensile steel, εt is beween 0.002 and 0.005.

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 Because tension-controlled sections demonstrate good

ductile behavior if overloaded, they are analyzed and
designed using a strength-reduction factor, f of 0.9.
 Because of their brittle behavior if overloaded,
compression-controlled sections are analyzed and
designed with f equal to 0.65.

Upper Limit on Beam Reinforcement

 Prior to the 2002 edition of the ACI Code, the maximum-

tension steel area in beams was limited to 0.75 times
the steel area corresponding to balanced conditions.
 In the latest edition of the ACI Code (ACI 318-11),
Section 10.3.5 requires that for reinforced concrete
(nonprestressed) beam sections (stated as members
with axial compressive load less than 0.10 f’c.Ag ) the
value of εt at nominal flexural strength conditions shall
be greater than or equal to 0.004

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 f’c 4000 psi

 fy 60 ksi
 As 4 (1.00 in.2)

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 1. Compute

 2. Compute the nominal moment strength

 3. Confirm that tension steel area exceeds As min

 4. Compute the strength reduction factor f and the

resulting value f Mn

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 f’c 6000 psi

 fy 60 ksi
 As 4 (1.00 in.2)

 1. Compute

 2. Compute the nominal moment strength

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 3. Confirm that tension steel area exceeds As min

 4. Compute the strength reduction factor f and the

resulting value f Mn

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 1. Compute

 2. Compute the nominal moment strength

 3. Confirm that tension steel area exceeds As min

 4. Compute the strength reduction factor f and the

resulting value f Mn

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 It should be noted that even though this section has 50

percent more steel than that of Beam 1, the reduced
nominal moment strength is smaller for this beam
section than for Beam 1.
 This demonstrates a very important result for heavily
reinforced sections—the only way to increase the
reduced nominal moment strength is to add steel to
both the tension and compression zones of the member.
 The next part of this chapter deals with the analysis of
doubly reinforced beam sections, i.e., beams with
longitudinal steel in both the tension and compression
zone

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