Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 – Working Stress Design (WSD)

I- MATERIAL PROPERTIES: PROBLEMS:

CONCRETE: Situation 1: Data of a concrete beam reinforced for tension

are as follows:
Modulus of elasticity (408.6 .1- NSCP 2010):

Beam width, b = 280mm

Ec = wc1.5 0.043 fc' MPa for values of wc between 1500
Concrete, fc = 9.45 MPa
and 2500 kg/m3
Effective depth, d = 520 mm
Ec = 4700 fc' MPa for normal-weight concrete (wc = Steel , fs = 120 MPa
2300 kg/m3) Steel bars, As = 5-28mmØ
Modular ratio, n = 9
REINFORCING STEEL:
Use the Working Stress Design Method. Find the following:
Modulus of elasticity (408.6 .2- NSCP 2010): ES = 200,000 1. The location of the neutral axis (mm) from the outer
MPa for non-prestressed reinforcements
compression fiber of concrete.
THE ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD (Working Stress a. 148 c. 276
Design – WSD) b. 237 d. 345
2. The moment capacity of the beam in KN-m.
424.2.1 - Non-prestressed reinforced concrete members shall a. 123 c. 167
be permitted to be designed using service loads (without b. 138 d. 194
load factors) and permissible service load stresses in
3. Which of the following statements is true for the given
accordance with provisions of Section 424.
beam?
424.3.1 - Load factors and strength reduction factors Φ shall a. The section complies with the code
be taken as unity for members designed by the Alternate b. The tension steel yields first.
Design Method. c. The concrete yields first.
d. The steel and concrete yield simultaneously.
426.6. – Flexure 4. The location of the neutral axis (mm) from the outer
compression fiber of concrete.
For investigation of stresses at service loads, straight- line
theory (for flexure) shall be used with the following a. Under-reinforced c. Balanced
assumptions. b. Over-reinforced d. None of the list

424.6.1 - Strains vary linearly as the distance from the neutral Situation 2: Given are the data for a rectangular concrete
axis, except for deep flexural members with over- all depth- beam to be analyzed by the Working Stress Design (WSD):
span ratios greater than 2/5 for continuous spans and 4/5 for
simple spans, a nonlinear distribution of strain shall be
considered. See Section 410.8 of the Chapter. Beam dimensions, b x h = 200x600
Compression steel, As’ = 3-16mm
424.6.2 - Stress-strain relationship of concrete is a straight line Tension steel, As = 3-25mm
under service loads within permissible service load stresses. Total bar covering, d’ = 60 mm
Concrete, fc = 9.45 MPa
424.6.3 - In reinforced concrete members, concrete resists no Steel bars, fs = 140 MPa
tension. Modular ratio, n = 10

424.6.4 - It shall be permitted to take the modular ratio, n = 1. Determine the location (mm) from the compression face
Es /Ec , as the nearest whole number (but not less than 6).
of the beam where the stress in the section is zero.
Except in calculations for deflections, value of n for
a. 120.67 c. 201.86
lightweight concrete shall be assumed to be the same as for
b. 190.84 d. 211.14
normal weight concrete of the same strength,
2. The moment capacity of the beam in kN-m.
424.6.5 - In doubly reinforced flexural members, an effective a. 98.43 c. 121.56
modular ratio of 2Es/Ec shall be used to transform b. 100.0 d. 132.45
compression reinforcement for stress computations. 3. Determine the stress (MPa) in the compression steel.
Compressive stress in such reinforcement shall not exceed a. 9.45 c. 124
permissible tensile stress. b. 105 d. 140

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 Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 – Working Stress Design (WSD)

Situation 3: A concrete beam section has the following
dimensions: bf = 600mm, bw = 300mm, d = 500mm and tf = 80
mm. It is subjected to a bending moment of 100 kN-m. f’c =
21 MPa, fs = 165 MPa and n = 9. It has a tensile reinforcement
of 4 – 32mm.
Situation 5: A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a
width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. The beam
is subjected to a service bending moment of 200 kN-m and a
service dead load of 15 kN/m. The section is reinforced with
4-32mmø bars. The modular ratio n = 8.

1. Calculate the maximum stress in concrete. 1. Using the Alternate Design method, find the distance of
2. Find the concrete stress at the bottom of the flange. the neutral axis from the top of the beam.
3. Determine the total compressive force in the concrete. 2. Determine the maximum stress in concrete in MPa.
3. Calculate the total compressive force in concrete in kN
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE

Situation 1: A reinforced concrete beam is 400 mm wide with

an effective depth of 530 mm. It has a tensile reinforcement
of 4 – 25mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 275 MPa.

1. Calculate the modular ratio, n.

2. Determine the moment of inertia of the transformed
section.
3. Find the moment capacity of the section.
4. Calculate the total safe uniform load the beam could
support over a 6m span in kN/m.

Situation 2: A concrete beam section has the following

dimensions: bf = 600mm, bw = 300mm, d = 500mm and tf = 80
mm. It is subjected to a bending moment of 100 kN-m. f’c =
21 MPa, fs = 165 MPa and n = 9. It has a tensile reinforcement
of 4 – 32mm.

4. Calculate the maximum stress in concrete.

5. Find the concrete stress at the bottom of the flange.
6. Determine the total compressive force in the concrete.

Situation 3: A 300 mm x 600 mm reinforced concrete beam

section is reinforced with 4-28mm tension steel at d =
536mm and 2-28mm compression steel at d’ = 64mm. The
section is subjected to a bending moment of 150 kN-m. f’c =
21 MPa, fs = 165 MPa and n = 9.

1. Find the maximum stress in concrete.

2. Determine the stress in the compression steel.
3. Calculate the stress in the tension steel.

Situation 4: A 400 mm x 600 mm box section has a uniform

wall thickness of 75 mm except at the bottom which is
140mm thick. It is reinforced with 3 – 25mm at d = 540mm.
n = 9, f’c = 20 MPa and fs = 124 MPa.

1. Calculate the moment capacity of concrete.

2. Find the moment capacity of steel.
3. Determine the maximum simply supported span of the
beam if it is to carry a midspan load of 80 kN.

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