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2.1 SOLUTIONS 95
CHAPTER TWO
Solutions for Section 2.1
Exercises
3. The average velocity over a time period is the change in position divided by the change in time. Since the function x(t)
gives the position of the particle, we find the values of x(2) = 14 and x(8) = −4. Using these values, we find
4. The average velocity over a time period is the change in position divided by the change in time. Since the function s(t)
gives the distance of the particle from a point, we read off the graph that s(0) = 1 and s(3) = 4. Thus,
5. The average velocity over a time period is the change in position divided by the change in time. Since the function s(t)
gives the distance of the particle from a point, we read off the graph that s(1) = 2 and s(3) = 6. Thus,
6. The average velocity over a time period is the change in position divided by the change in time. Since the function s(t)
gives the distance of the particle from a point, we find the values of s(2) = e2 − 1 = 6.389 and s(4) = e4 − 1 = 53.598.
Using these values, we find
7. The average velocity over a time period is the change in the distance divided by the change √ s(t)
√ in time. Since the function
gives the distance of the particle from a point, we find the values of s(π/3) = 4 + 3 3/2 and s(7π/3) = 4 + 3 3/2.
Using these values, we find
√ √
∆s(t) s(7π/3) − s(π/3) 4 + 3 3/2 − (4 + 3 3/2)
Average velocity = = = = 0 cm/sec.
∆t 7π/3 − π/3 2π
Though the particle moves, its average velocity is zero, since it is at the same position at t = π/3 and t = 7π/3.
distance
time
Figure 2.1
2.1 SOLUTIONS 97
distance
time
Figure 2.2
distance
time
Figure 2.3
Problems
h (cos h − 1)/h
0.01 −0.005
0.001 −0.0005
0.0001 −0.00005
cos h − 1
These values suggest that lim = 0.
h→0 h
16. Using h = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, we see
70.1 − 1
= 2.148
0.1
70.01 − 1
= 1.965
0.01
70.001 − 1
= 1.948
0.001
70.0001 − 1
= 1.946.
0.0001
7h − 1
This suggests that lim ≈ 1.9.
h→0 h
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Language: English