MODULE

SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND

APPLICATIONS

1
 Module Structure
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2
 Applications of Diodes

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 Rectifier
•A rectifier is an electrical device
that converts alternating current (AC)
to direct current (DC), which flows in
only one direction.
 Rectifier (contd.)

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 Module Structure
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6
 Half wave Rectifier
• A half wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts the positive half cycle
(positive current) of the input signal into pulsating DC (Direct Current) output
signal.

1. Positive half wave rectifier

2. Negative half wave rectifier

Positive Half wave rectifier
Derivation of Vo
Vo(rms)
Vo(rms)
Numerical
Ω
Numerical
Ω
Numerical
Ω
Numerical
Ω
Negative Half wave rectifier
Negative Rectification by grounding the
positive output terminal
HOW EFFECTIVELY A RECTIFIER CONVERTS AC TO
DC?
Rectifiers (contd.)
 Disadvantages of HWR
• The ripple factor of half wave rectifier is 1.21, which is quite high.

• The output contains lot of ripples.

• The maximum theoretical efficiency is 40%.

• The practical value will be quite less than this

• This indicates that HWR is quite inefficient.

 Module Structure
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23
 TWO DIODE
FULL
FWR
WAVE
RECTIFIER BRIDGE
RECTIFIER
Two Diode FWR
Working of 2-diode Rectifier
• Current flow during
the positive half of
the input cycle

• Current flow during

the negative half of
the input cycle
 Advantages of Full wave rectifier

•Efficiency is higher

•The large dc power output

•The ripple factor is less

 Derivation of Vo(avg)
Vo  Vpo sin wt
T
1
Vo ( avg )   Vo d ( wt )
T 0
 Derivation of Vo(avg)
Vo  Vpo sin wt
T
1
Vo ( avg )   Vo d ( wt )
T 0
 Derivation of Vo(rms)
Vo  Vpo sin wt
T
1
Vo ( rms )  
2
Vo d ( wt )
T 0
Derivation of Vo(rms)
 Module Structure
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32
 FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER
• Need for centre tapped PT is eliminated
• Consists of 4 diodes instead of 2
Bridge Rectifier during +ve half cycle input
Bridge Rectifier during -ve half cycle input

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/be/exp6/index.html#
WHAT HAPPENS IF WE USE
SILICON DIODE INSTEAD OF
IDEAL DIODE?
 Advantages & Disadvantages of BRIDGE RECTIFIER
Advantages
Need for centre tap transformer is eliminated
PIV is one half of that of centre tap circuit
Output is twice than that of centre tap circuit.

Disadvantages
Requires 4 diodes
Internal resistance voltage drop is twice than that of centre tap circuit
Rectifier with Filters
Half wave rectifier with filter
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43
Half wave rectifier with filter
Full wave rectifier with capacitor filter
Bridge rectifier with capacitor filter
 Module Structure
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47
 IC 7805 Voltage Regulator
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 IC 7805 Voltage Regulator
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 IC 7805 Voltage Regulator
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Block diagram of DC power supply