REGULATED

DC POWER SUPPLY
Part 2: Rectifier
Power Supply
• a device that transforms the voltage of a power source to a level
usable to the load
• a device that regulates the power supplied to a system
• to regulate means to control a parameter (usually the voltage and
in some cases the current)
• almost all electronic devices require dc power to operate
• a battery is a good dc power source but its operating time is limited
• a more practical source is the 220 V AC/ 60 Hz wall outlets, to be
converted to dc power
 Block Diagram of a Regulated DC Power Supply

𝑉 𝑜 ( 𝑑𝑐 )
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator

𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝐶

𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator
Rectifier
• Rectifier: the circuit that is used to convert AC signal to
pulsating DC signal
• Types of Rectifier
• Half – wave (uses only one diode)
• Full – wave
• Bridge – type (uses four diodes)
• Center – tapped transformer (uses two diodes and a
center – tapped transformer)
Half – Wave Rectifier
• Resulting waveforms

Input waveform
1N4001GP
220 V
60 Hz 𝑅𝐿
0Deg

Output (rectified) waveform

Half – Wave Rectifier
• Advantages
• Simple & Low cost
• Requires only one diode and can be used with or without
transformer
• Disadvantages
• Not efficient since only one – half of the input is used
• Average output voltage (dc voltage) is low
• Ripple frequency is hard to filter
Bridge – Type Full Wave Rectifier
• Resulting waveforms
Input waveform

220 V
60 Hz
0Deg
𝑅𝐿

Output (rectified) waveform

No connection
Bridge Rectifier Diode

https://www.ebay.com/itm/5PCS-KBPC608-6A-800V-Single-Phase-Square-
Diode-PCB-Bridge-Rectifier-/162784504583

KBPC608 6A 800V https://www.amazon.in/Project-HubTM-W04-Bridge-

Rectifier/dp/B07NT2RR4Q

Single Phase https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/kbp210-bridge-rectifier-20784475362.html

Bridge Rectifier
https://www.switchelectronics.co.uk/kbpc3504-silicone-bridge-rectifier-diode-35a-400v

Square Diode PCB Single Phase SEP KBP210 IC 4 pin 1.5A KBPC3504 Silicone
Bridge Rectifier Bridge Rectifier, 1000V Bridge Rectifier Diode
35A 400V
Bridge – Type Full Wave Rectifier

𝐷4 𝐷1
220 V
60 Hz
0Deg 𝐷3 𝐷2
𝑅𝐿

No connection
Bridge – Type Full Wave Rectifier
• Advantages
• More efficient since it operates on both half cycle of the input
signal
• Ripple frequency is easier to filter
• Can be operated without a transformer
• For a given transformer, the output voltage from a bridge is
higher
• Disadvantages
• Requires four diodes
• Expensive than half wave
Center – Tapped Transformer Full Wave
Rectifier
1
𝐷1 • Resulting waveforms
1N4001GP Input waveform
𝑅𝐿
220 V
60 Hz 𝑐𝑜𝑚
0Deg

𝐷2
No connection Output (rectified) waveform
2
1N4001GP
Center – Tapped Transformer Full Wave
Rectifier

1 1N4001GP
𝐷1 𝑅𝐿

220 V
60 Hz 𝑐𝑜𝑚
0Deg

𝐷2
2 No connection
1N4001GP
Center – Tapped Transformer Full Wave
Rectifier
𝐷1
1
1N4001GP
𝑅𝐿

220 V
60 Hz 𝑐𝑜𝑚
0Deg

𝐷2
No connection
2 1N4001GP
Center – Tapped Transformer Full Wave
Rectifier
• Associated Waveforms

𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 1

𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 2

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
Center – Tapped Transformer Full Wave
Rectifier
• Advantages
• More efficient since it operates on both half cycle of the
input signal
• Ripple frequency is easier to filter
• Disadvantages
• Requires a center – tapped transformer
• Diodes require higher PIV rating
Rectifier Parameters
Half Wave Rectifier
Parameter
Ideal Diode Si Diode
Rectifier Parameters
Bridge Type Full Wave Rectifier
Parameter
Ideal Diode Si Diode
Rectifier Parameters
Center Tapped Transformer
Parameter Full Wave Rectifier
Ideal Diode Si Diode
Ripple Factor
• a power supply filter reduces ripple to a low level
• the actual effectiveness of the filter can be checked with
measurement and a simple calculation
Rectifier’s Efficiency
• % Efficiency, %:

• for a rectifier, % Efficiency, %:

Rectifier Parameters
Parameter Half Wave Full Wave

efficiency

Ripple Factor,

Output
Frequency
 Rectifier Parameters
Parameter Half Wave Full Wave Full Wave (CTT)
(Bridge)
PIV per Diode
(w/o capacitor)
PIV per diode
(with capacitor)
Diode Current
Rating
End