REGULATED

DC POWER SUPPLY
Part 3: Filter
Power Supply
• a device that transforms the voltage of a power source to a level
usable to the load
• a device that regulates the power supplied to a system
• to regulate means to control a parameter (usually the voltage and
in some cases the current)
• almost all electronic devices require dc power to operate
• a battery is a good dc power source but its operating time is limited
• a more practical source is the 220 V AC/ 60 Hz wall outlets, to be
converted to dc power
 Block Diagram of a Regulated DC Power Supply

𝑉 𝑜 ( 𝑑𝑐 )
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator

𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝐶

𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator
Why Use Filter
• The output of a rectifier is a pulsating dc, but most
electronic circuits require a substantially pure dc for
proper operation
• A pure dc output is provided by single or multi section
filter circuits placed between the output of the
rectifier and the load
• A single or multi section filter circuits placed between
the output of the rectifier and the load provide a
steadier dc output
Why Use Filter
• Rectifiers do not give pure DC output but only generate
pulsating dc
• Pulsating dc is not pure dc because it contains AC
component (ripple)
• There are four basic types of filter circuits:
• Simple capacitor filter
• LC choke-input filter
• LC capacitor-input filter (pi-type)
• RC capacitor-input filter (pi-type)
 Simple Capacitor Filter
RC time constant (=RC)
Capacitor Filter Charge and Discharge

Rectifier

Load or
𝐶 Regulator
Simple Capacitor Filter

+𝑉 𝑅

𝑉𝑚

0 𝑡
Simple Capacitor Filter

𝑉𝐶

𝑉𝑚

𝑡
0
Output Waveform Times
𝑉𝐶
𝑉 𝑟 ( 𝑝−𝑝 )
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑚 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑡
0 𝑇1
𝑇2
𝑇
2
Ripple Voltage,
𝑉𝐶
𝑉 𝑟 ( 𝑝−𝑝 )
𝑉𝑚

𝑡
0
DC Voltage,
𝑉𝐶

𝑉𝑚
𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑡
0
Filter Capacitor Percent Ripple,

• Where:
Half – Wave and Full – Wave Rectifiers Output
Waveform w/o and w/ Filter Capacitor
Input Waveform

Output Waveform Without Filter

Output Waveform With Filter

Other Filter Circuits
𝐿𝐶 𝑐h𝑜𝑘𝑒 −𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐿 𝐿

Load or 𝐶 Load or
Rectifier 𝐶 Rectifier 𝐶
Regulator Regulator

𝑅𝐶 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 −𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( 𝜋 −𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 )

𝑅
𝐶 Load or
Rectifier 𝐶
Regulator
Factors that Determine the Effectiveness of
a Capacitive Filter
1. Size of the capacitor
2. The value of the load
3. The time between pulsation
Electrolytic Capacitor

https://www.circuitspecialists.com/25v-4700uf-rad-cap.html
https://dir.indiamart.com/chennai/electrolytic-capacitors.html
End