REGULATED

DC POWER SUPPLY
Part 1: Power Transformer
Power Supply
• a device that transforms the voltage of a power source to a level
usable to the load
• a device that regulates the power supplied to a system
• to regulate means to control a parameter (usually the voltage and
in some cases the current)
• almost all electronic devices require dc power to operate
• a battery is a good dc power source but its operating time is limited
• a more practical source is the 220 V AC/ 60 Hz wall outlets, to be
converted to dc power
 Block Diagram of a Regulated DC Power Supply

𝑉 𝑜 ( 𝑑𝑐 )
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator

𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝐶

𝐴𝐶 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦
 𝑉 𝑜 ( 𝑑𝑐 )
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator
Transformer
Conservation of energy
𝐼𝑝 𝐼𝑠
𝑃 𝑝 =𝑉 𝑝 𝐼 𝑝 =𝑉 𝑠 𝐼 𝑠= 𝑃 𝑠
𝑁𝑝 : 𝑁𝑠
Ideal Transformer
𝑣𝑝 𝑣𝑠 𝑍𝑠 The voltage ratio equals the turns ratio,
and power in equals power out
Faraday’s Law
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑍𝑝
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠
=
𝑉 𝑝 𝑁𝑝
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝐼𝑠 𝑁𝑝
=
𝐼𝑝 𝑠
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜

( )
2
2 𝑁1
𝑍 𝑝 =𝑎 𝑍 𝑠= 𝑍𝑠
𝑁2
Transformer Equations (Electrical Transformation)

• Power Transformation:
• Ideally the same in primary and secondary windings

• Voltage Transformation:
• Voltage per turn are the same in primary and secondary
windings
Transformer Equations (Electrical Transformation)

• Current Transformation:
• Ampere – turns are the same in primary and
secondary windings

• Impedance Transformation:
 Types of Transformer According to Function
Step – down Step – up
25 :1 4 :12
𝑉 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦

Isolation
1:1
𝑉 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦
 Types of Transformer According to Function
Step – down Step – up
2 :1 1: 3
115 𝑉 𝑎𝑐 115 𝑉 𝑎𝑐
57 𝑉 𝑎𝑐 345 𝑉 𝑎𝑐

Center Tapped Transformer

1: 3
115 𝑉 𝑎𝑐 172.5 𝑉 𝑎𝑐 345 𝑉 𝑎𝑐
172.5 𝑉 𝑎𝑐
Step – Down Transformer
• Primary voltage:
/
• Secondary voltage:
/
/

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Center – Tapped Transformer & Multi – Tapped Transformer

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End