Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

Name: Myan George Rivera, Kurt Aeron Group No: 5

Remoquillo, Kenneth Nopal, Kyla Marie Mostizo,
Adrian Carlo Pascual

Course/Section: CHM031L – A16 Instructor: Engr. Eden S. Erasga

Exercise 1
THERMODYNAMICS: A Review
OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of the experiment, the student should be able to:

1. recall basic concepts and terminologies in thermodynamics;
2. solve problems in thermodynamics, i.e. calculation of enthalpy change of a reaction,
heat evolved in a reaction, specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity of a substance,
standard enthalpy of formation; and
3. Tell whether a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, exothermic or endothermic
given the thermodynamic parameters.
PART I. Matching. Match the thermodynamics terms with its definition or description by
placing the corresponding letter in the space provided.

__T__1. Calorimetry A. A reaction in which heat is absorbed and the

temperature of the surroundings falls
__G__2. Closed system B. A reaction in which heat is evolved and the
temperature of the surroundings rises.
__A__3. Endothermic C. One that proceeds on its own without any
continuous external influence
__N__4. Enthalpy change (ΔH) D. The sum of kinetic and potential energies for
each particle in a system
__R__5. Entropy (S) E. The enthalpy change for a reaction.
F. A system that freely exchanges energy and
__B__6. Exothermic matter with its surroundings.
G. A system that exchanges only energy with its
__J__7. First law of thermodynamics surroundings, not matter.
H. A system that does not exchange energy or
__I__8. Heat (q) matter.
I. The energy transferred from one object to
__L_ 9. Heat capacity (C) another as the result of a temperature
difference between them.
__E__ 10. Heat of reaction J. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can
only be converted from one form into another.
__S__11. Hess’s law (ΔUsys + ΔUsurrounding = 0). The total internalenergy
of an isolated system is constant (ΔUsys = q + w)

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 Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

__D__12. Internal energy (U) L. The amount of heat necessary to raise the
temperature of a given quantity of the
substance by 1°C.
__H__13. Isolated system M. The amount of heat necessary to raise the
temperature of 1 mol of substance by 1°C.
__M__14. Molar heat capacity N. The heat change in a reaction or process at
constant pressure.
__F__15. Open system O. A function or property whose value depends
only on the present condition of the system,
not on the path used to arrive at that condition.
__K__16. Specific heat (s) (Examples in thermodynamics are H, U, G and
S)
P. The specific part of the universe that is of
interest in the study (surrounding is everything
__C__17. Spontaneous process else, the rest of the universe).
Q. A measure of the kinetic energy of molecular
__O__18. State function motion.
R. The amount of molecular randomness in a
__P__19. System system.
S. The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is
equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for
__Q__20. Temperature the individual steps in the reaction.
T. The process of measuring the amount of heat
released or absorbed during a chemical
reaction.
K. The amount of heat necessary to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1°C.

PART II. Numeric Response. Solve the following review questions clearly and neatly. Show all
your solutions. Box your final answers with appropriate units.Heat, Work, and Energy

1. A reaction takes place at a constant pressure of 1.10 atm with an internal energy change
(∆ U ) of 71.5 kJ and a volume decrease of 13.6 L. What is the enthalpy change (∆ H ) for
the reaction? (1 L∙ atm=101.325 J ¿

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

2. Aluminum metal reacts with chlorine with a spectacular display of sparks:

2 Al (s) +3 Cl2 (g) →2 AlCl 3 (s) ∆ H o=−1408.4 kJ
How much heat in kJ is released on reaction of 5.00 g of Al?

Calorimetry and Heat Capacity

3. Titanium metal is used as a structural material in many high-tech applications, such as in

J
jet engines. What is the specific heat of titanium in if it takes 89.7 J to raise the
g∙℃
temperature of a 33.0 g block by 5.20°C? What is the molar heat capacity of titanium in
J
?
mol ∙℃

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

4. When a solution containing 8.00 g of NaOH in 50.0 g of water at 25.0 °C is added to a

solution of 8.00 g of HCl in 250.0 g of water at 25.0 °C in a calorimeter, the temperature
of the solution increases to 33.5 °C. Assuming that the specific heat of the solution is
J
4.184 and that of the calorimeter absorbs a negligible amount of heat, calculate
g∙℃
∆ H in kJ for the reaction
NaOH (aq)+ HCl(aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l)

Hess’s Law and Heats of Formation

5. Sulfuric acid ( H 2 SO4 ¿, the most widely produced chemical in the world, is made by a
two-step oxidation of sulfur to sulfur trioxide, SO3, followed by the reaction with water.
kJ
Calculate ∆ H of for SO3(g) in , given the following data:
mol
S(s) +O 2(g ) → SO2 (g) ∆ H o =−296.8 kJ

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

1
SO 2(g) + O → SO3(g ) ∆ H o=−98.9 kJ
2 2 (g)

6. Acetic acid (CH 3 CO 2 H ), whose aqueous solutions are known as vinegar, is prepared by
reaction of ethyl alcohol (CH 3 CH 2 OH ) with oxygen:
CH 3 CH 2 OH (l) +O 2 ( g) →CH 3 CO2 H (l) + H 2 O (l)
Use the following ∆ H of values to calculate the ∆ H orxn in kJ:
kJ kJ kJ
CH 3 CH 2 OH (l )=−277.7 ; CH 3 CO 2 H ( l)=−484.5 ; H 2 O (l)=−285.8
mol mol mol

Free Energy and Entropy

7. Tell whether the reactions with the following values of ΔH and ΔS are spontaneous of
non-spontaneous and whether they are exothermic or endothermic. Show you
calculations
spontaneous or exothermic or
non-spontaneous endothermic
a . ∆ H=−48 kJ ; ∆ S=+135 J / K at 400 K spontaneous Exothermic
b . ∆ H=−48 kJ ; ∆ S=−135 J / K at 400 K Non - spontaneous Endothermic
c . ∆ H=+ 48 kJ; ∆ S=+135 J / K at 400 K spontaneous Exothermic
d . ∆ H=+ 48 kJ; ∆ S=−135 J / K at 400 K Non - spontaneous Endothermic

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

8. Suppose that a reaction has ∆ H =−33 kJ and ∆ S=−58 J / K. At what temperature, if

any, will it change between spontaneous and non-spontaneous?

9. Suppose that a reaction has ∆ H =+41 kJ and ∆ S=−27 J / K. At what temperature, if

any, will it change between spontaneous and non-spontaneous?

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Exercise 1: Thermodynamics: A Review

10. Chloroform has ∆ H vaporization=29.2kJ /mol and boils at 61.2 °C. What is the value of
∆ S vaporization for chloroform?

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