3.

Diode Rectifiers
Single Phase Uncontrolled Full-Wave Rectifier
Single Phase Uncontrolled Full Wave Rectifier
• Center Tapped Transformer Full-wave rectifier
• Full-wave Bridge rectifier
Waveforms of Center Tapped Transformer Rectifier
Waveforms of Bridge Rectifier
Output DC Voltage (FWR):

𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑑𝑐

1 𝜋 2𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = න 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡𝑑𝑡 𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
𝜋 0 𝜋

𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 0.636𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝐿 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡
𝑉
𝐼𝑑𝑐 = 𝑑𝑐ൗ𝑅
For both positive and negative half cycles
Output AC Voltage (FWR):
1 𝑇 2
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = න 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = 0.707𝑉𝑚
2
𝑉𝐿 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝑅
For both positive and negative half cycles

𝑃𝑎𝑐 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠

2 𝑇/2
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = න 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0
Efficiency (FWR):
• Efficiency:
𝑃𝑑𝑐
𝝶=
𝑃𝑎𝑐

• For FWR, efficiency is 81%

Form Factor (FWR)
• Measure of the shape of the output voltage

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐹𝐹 =
𝑉𝑑𝑐
• For FWR:
0.707𝑉𝑚
𝐹𝐹 =
0.636𝑉𝑚

𝐹𝐹 = 1.11 𝑜𝑟 111%
Ripple Factor (FWR)
• The measure of the ripple content
𝑉𝑎𝑐
𝑅𝐹 =
𝑉𝑑𝑐
2
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝐹 = −1
𝑉𝑑𝑐

𝑅𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹 2 − 1
𝑅𝐹 = 1.112 − 1
𝑅𝐹 = 0.482 𝑜𝑟 48.2%
TUF (FWR – center tapped):
• 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 of transformer secondary
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑠 = ൘ = 0.707𝑉𝑚
2
• 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦
0.5𝑉𝑚ൗ
𝐼𝑠 = 𝑅
• The VA rating of transformer
0.5𝑉𝑚ൗ
𝑉𝐴 = 2𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠 = 2 × 0.707𝑉𝑚 × 𝑅
0.6362
𝑇𝑈𝐹 = = 0.5732 = 57.32%`
2×0.707×0.5
Rectifier with Filters
• Filters used for smoothing out the dc output voltage of the load
Ripple Voltage
• Variation in capacitor voltage due to charging and
discharging
• Ripple is undesirable
• Smaller the ripple, the better the filtering action
Full wave Vs. Half wave Filtering
Ripple Factor