Marking guidelines

M1 Topic test
11CHEM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B A B A D D D B C D

Question Marking criteria Marks

11a ● Both processes identified 1
Sample answer:
1 = filtration
2 = evaporation

Question Marking criteria Marks

11b ● Correct apparatus chosen 2
● Diagram is 2D and uses pencil, ruler
● Any one of the above 1
Sample answer:

Question Marking criteria Marks

11c ● Correct answer given 2
Sample answer:
Barium sulphate

Question Marking criteria Marks

12a Answer demonstrates: 3
● Understanding that electrons absorb/release energy, moving to higher/lower
energy levels.
● A link between the size of the electrons fall and the amount of energy released
● An attempt to quantify the size of the fall, linking both diagrams or giving
quantitative data
● Any two of the above 2
● Any one of the above 1
Sample answer:
The Bohr model explains the spectrum, as in the diagram it gives the atom discrete energy levels for the electron to
orbit (n=1 is the first energy level). Electrons absorb heat energy to rise to an excited state (e.g. n = 2 or even n = 4),
 then release this energy as light when cooled. The fall from n = 4 to n = 1 is greater than the other falls, so this drop
releases the most energy (e.g. 656.1 nm radiation). The four lines in the spectra can be explained by these falls.

Question Marking criteria Marks

12bi Answer: 3
● Diagram has orbitals labelled correctly
● Diagram shows correct number of electrons
● Diagram correctly pairs or unpairs electrons (max 2 per orbital, but unpaired same
spin when in the 2p orbital)
● Any two of the above 2
● Any one of the above 1
Sample answer:

Question Marking criteria Marks

12bii Answer: 4
● Correct answer given
Sample answer:
1s22s22p3

Question Marking criteria Marks

12c Answer: 4
● Correctly identifies the shape of the s orbital
● Correctly identifies the shape of the p orbital
● Shows the 2s is larger than the 1s
● Aligns the 2p orbitals in the same axes as the labelling
Any three of the above 3
Any two of the above 2
One of the above only 1
Sample answer:

Question Marking criteria Marks

13a All five answers correct 4
At least three answers correct 3
Two answers correct 2
Any answer correct 1
Sample answer (information in brackets not required for mark)

A = metallic (conductive)
B= covalent network (high MP, but not conductive as liquid)
 C = covalent (low MP, not conductive)
D = ionic (high MP, conductive)
E = covalent network (high MP, but not conductive as a liquid)

Question Marking criteria Marks

13b Answer: 2
● Correctly describes metallic bonding
● Explains the conductivity as resulting from the large number of free electrons
Answer: 1
● Any relevant information given
Sample answer:
As a metal, Cu has metallic bonding: where metal cations are surrounded in a 3D network by a sea of delocalised
electrons. Because the electrons move freely, they can travel and transport a charge, resulting in electricity.

Question Marking criteria Marks

13c Answer: 2
● Correctly describes covalent network bonding
● Explains the fixed 3D lattice as very strong, requiring a large amount of energy to
break the bonds leading to melting
Answer: 1
● Any relevant information given

Sample answer:
Covalent network structures form giant molecules where each atom is covalently bonded to several others, on each
side, forming a 3D structure (e.g. diamond, where each C is bonded to four other C atoms in each direction). The
highly structured molecule is hard to break: lots of energy is required to pull even one atom away, as so many bonds
must be broken. This explains the high MPs (e.g. B = 2030 *C).

Question Marking criteria Marks

14a Each of the following is awarded one mark: 4
● A title, with both axes labelled with units in brackets
● The dependent variable is on the y axis
● Both axes show an even scale
● Points are plotted with a pencil, with an X. All points are correct. Appropriate line
drawn to show trend/trends.
Sample answer:
 Question Marking criteria Marks
14b Answer: 3
● Outlines a trend seen in the graph
● Explains this trend
● Quantifies the argument with data from the graph
● Any two of the above 2
● Any correct information given 1
Sample answer:
The graph shows atomic radius decreases from Z = 3 to 10, but jumps significantly between Z = 2 to 3, and Z = 10 to
11. These jumps can be explained easily: this is where a new shell is added outside of the existing shell, increasing
radius (e.g. from Ne (62x10-12m) to Na (160x10-12m)). The slow decrease from Li to Ne can be explained by the
increasing core charge. As more protons and electrons are added to the same shell from Li to Ne, attraction between
them grows - shrinking the radius (from 130 to 62 x10-12m)

Question Marking criteria Marks

14c Answer: 4
● Argues that there are patterns
● Identifies and describes an example of a trend
● Explains this trend
● Quantifies the argument with data from the graph
● Any three of the above 3
● Any two of the above 2
● Any correct information given 1
Sample answer:
There are patterns in the properties of the elements. Mendeleev assembled the modern periodic table after realising
that properties could be predicted, as they occured in a set order - after every eight elements, similar properties could
be expected again. An example is given in the graph: after eight elements, the atomic radius increases sharply (from
He to Li, and Ne to Na) - which break the other trend of a slow decrease. This is explained by the electron
configuration: He and Ne are both noble gases, with a full valence shell. To create the next atom, a new shell is added
outside of the existing shell, leading to an increase in radius (e.g. Ne is 37, while Li is 130 (x10-12m)). This simple
example shows there are patterns in the properties of elements.