PAG 3 Chemistry MS

OCR A Level Chemistry A (H432) Chemistry B (H433)
PAG 3: Enthalpy determination

Practice Exam Questions and Mark Scheme
Mark scheme
Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance
1 B 1
Total 1
Examiner’s Comments
Very few candidates obtained the correct
temperature change and this proved to be
2 C 1
the most difficult of the multiple choice
questions. The majority of candidates
incorrectly answered as B, based on
halving the quantities, leading to halving
the temperature change.
Total 1
Candidates find questions based on

practical procedures difficult and this
3 B 1
question proved to be no exception. A
similar number of candidates selected
each option, suggesting that most
guessed. The correct option is B.
Total 1
FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON FULL ANNOTATIONS MUST BE USED

ANSWER LINE ...........................................................
IF answer = −132 (kJ mol−1) award 4 marks ALLOW calculator value of 6611.1507
........................................................... down to 3SF value of 6610
Correctly calculates energy released in J

OR kJ DO NOT ALLOW fewer than 3 SF
= 50.21 × 4.18 × 31.5 = 6611 (J) OR
6.611 (kJ) IGNORE units for this mark,
i.e. just ALLOW correctly calculated
4 i Correctly calculates n(CaCl2) 4 number in either J or kJ
Correctly calculates ΔH value in J OR kJ

In J: OR (−)132,220 (J) ALLOW ECF from n(CaCl2) AND / OR
OR Energy released
In kJ: OR (−)132.22 (kJ)
IGNORE absence of − sign and 3 SF
(Sign ignored and / or more than 3 SF) requirement
Created in ExamBuilder 1 © OCR 2020

Correct ΔsolH in kJ AND sign AND 3SF
= −132 (kJ mol−1)
Final mark requires − sign, kJ AND 3 SF
Temperature change is double / × 2 / 63

°C
AND
ΔsolH is the same
ALLOW temperature reached would be 85
ii Twice the energy produced in the same 2
°C
volume
AND
ratio of energy produced to mass or
number of moles is the same is the
same
Total 6
Level 3 (5–6 marks) Indicative scientific points may include:

A comprehensive conclusion, using all 1. Masses and ∆T from raw results
quantitative data, to calculate the energy
change and ∆H values for reactions 3.1 • m(Na2O) = 1.24 (g)
and 3.2 • m(solution) = 25.75 (g)
AND linking ∆H data using Hess’ Law • ∆T = 35.0 (°C)
There is a well-developed line of reasoning

which is clear and logically structured. The Energy change from mc∆T
working throughout is clearly shown. All
values calculated with reasonable numbers • energy released in J OR kJ
of SF and correct signs mostly shown, = 25.75 × 4.18 × 35.0
allowing for ECF. = 3767 (J) OR 3.767 (kJ)
(3.767225 unrounded)
Level 2 (3–4 marks)
Attempts to describe all three scientific ..............................................................
5 a 6
points but explanations may be incomplete. 2. ∆rH for reaction 3.2
OR Explains two scientific points
thoroughly with few omissions.
•
There is a line of reasoning with some •
logical structure. There may be minor (–188.36125 unrounded)
errors in energy change and errors in the
calculations of ∆H for reaction 3.1 or
reaction 3.2. 3. ∆rH for reaction 3.1
Level 1 (1–2 marks)
Processes raw mass and temperature data • ∆H value for reaction 3.1 clearly
and obtains a calculated value for the linked to ∆H for reaction 3.2 and
energy change using mc∆T reaction 3.3 in energy cycle or an
OR attempts to obtain values for two expression: ∆H (3.1) = ∆H (3.2) +
scientific points but explanations may be 2∆H (3.3)
incomplete • ∆H (3.1) = −188 + (2 × –57.6)

= –188 – 115.2 = –303(.2) (kJ mol–

There is an attempt at a logical structure 1
)
with a line of reasoning to obtain a value (–303.56125 unrounded)
for energy change. There may be minor
errors in calculation of energy change.
0 marks – No response or no response

worthy of credit. Note
Throughout, ALLOW ECF from previous
value ALLOW omission of trailing zeroes
..............................................................
Examiner’s Comment:
In this part, candidates were presented
with the results of an enthalpy experiment
and other related data. They were then
required to determine two enthalpy
changes, one directly from the
experimental results, the other indirectly
using Hess’ Law.
No guidance was supplied about how to
carry out this analysis.
The examiners were impressed with the

many superb responses that linked all the
information together to determine correct
values for the two enthalpy changes.
Most candidates attempted all aspects of

the problem but often made mistakes,
particularly with the Hess’ Law extension
or with incorrect signs.
From the raw experimental data, most

candidates calculated the two masses,
even if they did not subsequently use both
masses, and the temperature change.
A common error was to use the wrong
mass in the initial mc∆T calculation with
25.0, 1.24 or (25.75 + 1.24) commonly
seen. A small number tried to convert the
temperature change to Kelvin by adding
273 and using 308 instead of 35 in the
calculation.
Many calculated the amount of Na2O

correctly and used 0.0200 appropriately to
determine the enthalpy change of reaction.
It was not uncommon for candidates to
omit this step or to use 0.0400 instead of
0.0200, although it was difficult to see why.
In the Hess’ Law extension, it was

common to see an incorrect cycle, using
incorrect signs, or –57.6 being used rather
than
2 × – 57.6.
Generally, candidates need to improve the

use of signs, units and in the quality how
their answers are communicated. Too
many responses comprised a mass of
unsubstantiated numbers.
Answers: –188 kJ mol– 1;

–303 to –304 kJ mol–1
(depending on extent of
intermediate rounding)
ALLOW error for uncertainty
...............................................................
ALLOW ECF from mass and ∆T in 2(a)
IGNORE % uncertainty of mass of solution

..............................................................
ALLOW one mark for:
% uncertainties to at least 1 SF, rounded • 2 calculations with both × 2 factors

or truncated missing i.e. mass 0.3% AND ∆T
............................................................... 0.4%
• Not converting to %s using × 2
ONE correct % uncertainty ✓ factors i.e. 0.008 AND 0.006
BOTH correct % uncertainties ✓

b 2
..............................................................
Calculator values:
mass: 0.8064516129
∆T: 0.5714285714
Virtually all candidates realised the need to

calculate percentage uncertainties, but
less than half were awarded both marks.
Some based their calculations on the
readings rather than the difference, and
others did not take into account that two
readings had two uncertainties, doubling
the overall uncertainty.

Answers: mass: 0.81%; temperature

change: 0.57%
ALLOW up to 2 marks based on a single

mass measurement:
one mass measurement
OR measure mass directly ✓

e.g. tare balance
% uncertainty reduced by half ✓
...............................................................
IGNORE
• repeat and take average

ALLOW uncertainty OR error throughout • read to more figures (same
apparatus)
• increase volume (reduces mass
Greater mass of Na2O OR more Na2O ✓ error but increases ∆T error)
• use a cooling curve
c For mass, ALLOW amount / moles / 2 • use a lid
quantity
larger ∆T Examiner’s Comment:

OR reduces % uncertainty in ∆T ✓ Many candidates did not consider reducing
percentage uncertainties in the
measurements (stated in the question),
instead repeating readings and taking an
average. Despite the question stating that
the same apparatus was to be used, many
suggested using a more accurate balance
or thermometer, or using a lid with some
form of insulation.
The most common creditworthy answer

was to increase the mass of Na2O to
reduce the percentage uncertainty in
mass. The best candidates realised that an
increased mass of Na2O would produce a
larger temperature change, reducing also
the percentage uncertainty in ∆T. Some
candidates suggested increasing the
volume of the water but this would have

decreased the temperature change and

increased its percentage uncertainty.
Total 10
ANNOTATE ANSWER WITH TICKS AND

CROSSES ETC
FIRST, CHECK THE ANSWER ON

ANSWER LINE
IF answer = −2510 (kJ mol-1) award 4
marks
IF answer = 2508 / 2507 (kJ mol-1) award
3 marks
(not rounded to 3SF, ignore sign)
IF answer = + 2510 (kJ mol-1) award 3 moles = 1.29/86.0
marks IGNORE trailing zeros
(incorrect sign)
IF answer = −2510000 (kJ mol-1) award 3
marks
(used J instead of kJ) q = 200 × 4.18 × 45.0
ALLOW correctly rounded to 3 sig figs:
................................................................... 37.6 kJ
6 i Moles 4
ALLOW ECF from incorrect q
n(C6H14) = 0.0150 mol �
ALLOW ECF from incorrect molar mass or
Energy
incorrect moles of hexane to 3 SF or more
q calculated correctly = 37620 (J) OR
correctly rounded
37.620 (kJ) �
IGNORE sign at this intermediate stage
IGNORE working
Calculating ΔH ΔH = 37.62/0.015 = 2508 (kJ mol-1)
ΔH = 37.6/0.015 = 2507 (kJ mol- 1)
Correctly calculates ΔH in kJ mol-1
AND to 3 or more SF �
Rounding AND sign
ΔH = −2510 (kJ mol-1)
calculated value of ΔH rounded to 3 SF
Final answer must have ‘−‘ sign and 3 SF
AND ‘-‘sign �
A high proportion of candidates lost marks

on this question for a variety of reasons
including errors in the calculation of moles
and / or energy change. Many candidates
did not express their final answer to three
significant figures and so failed to score
the final mark. An incorrect or missing sign

also resulted in loss of the final mark.
ALLOW heat loss

Any two from the following:
�� ALLOW incomplete reaction OR not
everything burns
• Heat released to the surroundings
ii 2
IGNORE reference to evaporation
• Incomplete combustion
Examiner’s Comment:
• Non-standard conditions
Almost all candidates scored at least one
mark for this well-rehearsed practical
question. There was some confusion
regarding the use of average bond
enthalpy values obtained from a data book
which was not relevant to this question.
Total 6
NOT multiples
Examiner's Comments
C4H10(g/l) + 6½O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
1 a ✓ for balanced equation 2
Most candidates were able to score at
✓ for state symbols
least one mark here, often gaining credit
for correctly attributing the state symbols to
the reactants and products.
Correct answer −1419 ±1 kJ mol−1

scores 3 marks
FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON THE
ANSWER LINE ALLOW ECF between steps
If answer = ΔcH = −1419 (kJ mol−1) award
3 marks
Calculates energy transferred to water ALLOW final answer to 2 or more sf (eg

b q = 50.00 × 4.18 × (74 − 19) = 11495 (J) ✓ 3 −1440kJ mol−1 if early rounding is evident)
Calculates number of moles of butane
burned Final MP must include negative sign
= 0.47 / 58.0 or 0.008(1) mol ✓
(ΔcH = −[11495 / 0.008(1)] Examiner's Comments
= −1419136 J mol−1)
ΔcH = −1419 (kJ mol−1) ✓ In this calculation candidates had learnt
the appropriate equation to use to
calculate the enthalpy of combustion, and

many successfully calculated the

appropriate correct value. Where
candidates struggled was either in using
the mass of fuel burnt in the initial first step
calculating the heat transferred to the
water, or giving an incorrect sign for the
final calculated value.
Must have negative sign
Examiner's Comments
c i −2850 - −2950 (kJ mol−1) ✓ 1
Most candidates scored this mark
successfully, identifying the appropriate
value. The only consistent error here was
a failure to include the appropriate sign.
Answers can be in any order
Ignore ‘not fully reacted’ as this makes it

unclear whether the candidate is talking
about the vol of butane or the combustion
reaction
Ignore measurement errors
Any two from: ✓ ✓
Examiner's Comments
loss of fuel by evaporation / escape of
ii unburned butane evaporation of water 2
This was a well answered question
incomplete combustion / reaction
demonstrating that many candidates were
non-standard conditions / states
familiar with this procedure having
heat used to raise temp of calorimeter
probably carried out the practical work and
were able to translate their learning from
the lab practical to the theoretical
situation. Most candidates correctly cited
incomplete combustion of the fuel and loss
of butane by evaporation as the main
reasons for the difference in the value
calculated compared to the data book
value.
One from: ✓ Must have method plus explanation to

score
use a (draught) shield because this will Ignore changes to vol of water / mass of
reduce heat lost (to the surroundings); fuel / length of time for combustion / move
iii 1
burn the butane in oxygen / because this flame nearer to can /
will ensure that the combustion is more
complete;
use bomb calorimeter ensures complete
combustion / reduces heat loss;

use cover over lighter during weighing to

prevent evaporation;
insulate can to reduce heat loss ALLOW ‘put lid on can’
NOT ‘use a polystyrene cup’
Examiner's Comments
Again, the link to the required practical

skills was evident in that most candidates
were able to suggest a suitable method
e.g. use of draught shielding for reducing
the heat losses in the practical.
ALLOW reference to formation of a

mixture of products or alternative
product(s) / side reactions
Any one from:
Examiner's Comments
reacting carbon and hydrogen doesn't
d 1 Only the highest attaining candidates
(necessarily) make butane ✓
correctly made the link from the equation
Carbon and Hydrogen do not react
that this reaction could not proceed under
together (under standard conditions) ✓
standard conditions. Lower-attaining
candidates tended to refer to the idea of
being unable to measure the changes
because butane was a gas.
Correct answer +486.6 / +487 kJ mol−1

FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON THE scores 3 marks
ANSWER LINE
If answer = (+)486.6 ALLOW ECF between steps
/ (+)487 (kJ mol−1) award 3 marks
2344 and 1610 in calculation scores 1
energy absorbed in breaking bonds mark if no other mark scored
= 3(413) + (358) + x + 1½(498)
= 2344 + x (kJ) ALLOW OH for x in calculation
AND
energy evolved in making bonds
= 2(805) + 4(x)
e 3
= 1610 + 4x (kJ) ✓
Overall energy change

(Bonds broken − bonds made = ΔH)
= [2344 + x] − [1610 + 4x]
ALLOW −sign if evaluation of their
= −726 kJ mol−1
expression for x is correct
OR
2344 − 1610 + 726 = 3x
Examiner's Comments
1460 = 3x ✓
This was a multi-stage calculation. Those
x = (+)486.6 / (+)487 (kJ mol−1) ✓
candidates who had spent time practising
this type of calculation were clearly at an

advantage as they set out their calculation

in a clearly organised manner. They made
full use of the balanced equation provided
in identifying the energy required to break
bonds in the reactants, identifying the
energy released when new bonds are
made in the products, and in both stages
using an appropriate symbol for the OH
bond enthalpy. These candidates then
correctly wrote an expression using these
two halves of the calculation and the
overall enthalpy change for the reaction in
order to create an expression, in x (or OH),
that could be resolved to make x (OH) the
subject of the expression, and thereby
determine an appropriate value for the
bond enthalpy. Lower-attaining candidates
often struggled to identify the type and
number of each bond in the equation e.g.
using the C-O value of 358kJ/mol for the
bond enthalpy for C=O when it should
have been 805kJ/mol, or stating that there
were 2 x OH bonds on the products side
when there should have been 4 OH bonds
from 2 water molecules, and consequently
struggled with the rest of the calculation.
Centres should ensure that candidates
have sufficient time to practise this type of
calculation, and should try to ensure that
they are aware of the need to attempt to
structure their calculations in an
appropriate manner.
Total 13

PAG 3 Chemistry MS

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OCR A Level Chemistry A (H432) Chemistry B (H433)

PAG 3: Enthalpy determination

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

Candidates find questions based on

FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON FULL ANNOTATIONS MUST BE USED

Correctly calculates energy released in J

Correctly calculates ΔH value in J OR kJ

Created in ExamBuilder 1 © OCR 2020

Correct ΔsolH in kJ AND sign AND 3SF

= −132 (kJ mol−1)

Final mark requires − sign, kJ AND 3 SF

Temperature change is double / × 2 / 63

Level 3 (5–6 marks) Indicative scientific points may include:

There is a well-developed line of reasoning

Created in ExamBuilder 2 © OCR 2020

= –188 – 115.2 = –303(.2) (kJ mol–

0 marks – No response or no response

The examiners were impressed with the

Most candidates attempted all aspects of

From the raw experimental data, most

Many calculated the amount of Na2O

In the Hess’ Law extension, it was

Generally, candidates need to improve the

Answers: –188 kJ mol– 1;

ALLOW error for uncertainty

ALLOW ECF from mass and ∆T in 2(a)

IGNORE % uncertainty of mass of solution

% uncertainties to at least 1 SF, rounded • 2 calculations with both × 2 factors

BOTH correct % uncertainties ✓

Virtually all candidates realised the need to

Created in ExamBuilder 4 © OCR 2020

Answers: mass: 0.81%; temperature

ALLOW up to 2 marks based on a single

one mass measurement

OR measure mass directly ✓

% uncertainty reduced by half ✓

• repeat and take average

larger ∆T Examiner’s Comment:

The most common creditworthy answer

Created in ExamBuilder 5 © OCR 2020

decreased the temperature change and

ANNOTATE ANSWER WITH TICKS AND

FIRST, CHECK THE ANSWER ON

A high proportion of candidates lost marks

the final mark. An incorrect or missing sign

ALLOW heat loss

Correct answer −1419 ±1 kJ mol−1

Calculates energy transferred to water ALLOW final answer to 2 or more sf (eg

Created in ExamBuilder 7 © OCR 2020

many successfully calculated the

Must have negative sign

Answers can be in any order

Ignore ‘not fully reacted’ as this makes it

One from: ✓ Must have method plus explanation to

Created in ExamBuilder 8 © OCR 2020

use cover over lighter during weighing to

Again, the link to the required practical

ALLOW reference to formation of a

Correct answer +486.6 / +487 kJ mol−1

Overall energy change

Created in ExamBuilder 9 © OCR 2020

advantage as they set out their calculation

Created in ExamBuilder 10 © OCR 2020