Blast Furnace Ironmaking

L8-11: Principles of heat and material balance: material balances;

energy(enthalpy) balances, chemical and thermal reserve zones

1. A first course in Iron and Steelmaking: D.Mazumdar , University Press,

Hyderabad, 2015 (DM2015)
2. Ironmaking and Steelmaking: Principles and Practices: A.Ghosh and
Amit Chatterjee, Prentice Hall of India, 2008 (AG&AM2008)

1
Critical Hearth Temperature
CRT: 1400-1450 oC
TFT: 1800-2000 oC

2
RAFT Calculation

3
RAFT Calculation

4
RAFT Calculation

5
Thermochemical Data

6
Thermochemical Data

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 RAFT Calculation
With injected hydrocarbon

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 RAFT Calculation
With injected hydrocarbon

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 RAFT Calculation
With injected hydrocarbon

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0
Thermal and Chemical Reserve Zones

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1
 Thermal/Chemical Reserve Zones

Gas composition is does change (70 % CO and

30 % CO2) for the rection at 1200 ± 100 K
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2
Steady State Material Balance

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3
Steady State Material Balance

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4
Steady State Material Balance

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5
Steady State Material Balance

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Steady State Material Balance

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7
Steady State Material Balance

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8
Steady State Material Balance

1
9
Steady State Material Balance

2
0
Steady State Material Balance

2
1
Steady State Material Balance

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2
Steady State Material Balance

2
3
Steady State Material Balance

2
4
RIST Diagram

2
5
Thermal and Chemical Reserve Zones

2
6
 Thermal/Chemical Reserve Zones

Gas composition is does change (70 % CO and

30 % CO2) for the rection at 1200 ± 100 K
2
7
Conceptual Division of Blast Furnace

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8
Conceptual
Division of
Blast
Furnace

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 Bottom
Segment

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0
 Bottom
Segment
Above CRZ, coke
does not react

or

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1
 Bottom
Segment

3
2
Mass Balance for the Bottom Segment

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3
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

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4
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

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5
Thermochemical Data

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6
Thermochemical Data

3
7
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

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8
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

3
9
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

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0
Steady State Enthalpy Balance
Balance

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1
Steady State HMB

4
2
 Steady State HMB

Combining

4
3
 Steady State HMB

Inserting numerical values

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4
Steady State HMB

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5
 Steady State HMB

What is (O/C)g ?

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6
Graphical Representation

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7
 Graphical Representation
Demand is 586000 kJ per kg mole product Fe,
operator adds 600 kg per ton of product Fe

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8
Graphical Representation

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9
Enthalpy Balance: Bottom Segment

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0
Enthalpy Balance: Bottom Segment

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1
Enthalpy Balance: Bottom Segment

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2
Demand-Supply

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Demand-Supply

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4
Demand-Supply

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5
Substitution

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Substitution

What is the value of EB ? 5

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Heat & Mass Balance for Bottom Zone

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8
Substitution

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9
RIST Diagram

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0
RIST Diagram

From the line, you can get

the moles of blast and the
top gas composition

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1