PAVINGTHE

WAY
FOR THE
ENERGY TRANSITION
TKOO1
PAVINGTHE
WAY
FOR THE
ENERGY TRANSITION
 CONTENTS

08 FOREWORD
Mr Lawrence Wong
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance

10 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE
Mr Tang Kin Fei
Chairman, Singapore LNG Corporation

14
CHAPTER ONE

THE NEED FOR A MORE

SECURE ENERGY FUTURE
2006 – 2009

22
CHAPTER TWO

PIONEERING A NEW PATH

2010 – 2013

38
CHAPTER THREE

FORTIFYING THE PATH &

PUSHING BOUNDARIES
2014 – 2018
52
CHAPTER FOUR

RAMPING UP FOR THE

ENERGY TRANSITION
2019 – 2023

68
CHAPTER FIVE

FORGING AHEAD TO THE NEXT

DECADE AND BEYOND

82 THE SLNG STORY

POWERING THE WAY FORWARD

86 AFTERWORD

88 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The terminal’s design provides for a
third jetty to be installed, if required.

The terminal has room for four

more storage tanks to be built.

The terminal with its four

storage tanks built to-date.

The terminal in its early

days of construction.
 LOC AT ED ON A
40-HECTARE PLOT
AT THE SOU T H ER N-MOS T T I P OF
JURONG ISL AND
 MOR E T H A N
95 PER CENT
OF SINGAPORE’S
E L EC TRI C I T Y
I S GE NE RATED U S I N G N AT U R A L G A S.
 FOREWORD

Mr Lawrence Wong
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance

8 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

 SLNG has been a critical partner of Government and our power
generation companies, playing a key role in times of market
volatility to secure supplies from the global market. Beyond
energy security, SLNG’s range of services and capabilities has
helped to develop a vibrant energy ecosystem.

Congratulations to everyone at SLNG industry professionals and worked closely with

on the 10th anniversary of the LNG them to form the initial team at SLNG, and to
Terminal’s operations! get the company started.

Singapore has come a long way in securing
our energy sources. From coal, we have
shifted largely to using natural gas for power
generation. We have one of the most reliable
power networks in the world supporting the
needs of our modern city.
A key enabler is access to liquefied natural
gas or LNG. The opening of the LNG terminal
a decade ago was a major milestone. I still
remember the events leading up to this
milestone. It was soon after the Global
Financial Crisis and the high financial costs
made it difficult for the LNG terminal to
carry on as a commercial undertaking. The
Government assessed that the LNG terminal
was important for energy security, and decided
to take over the project. I was at the Energy
Market Authority (EMA) then and we set up
SLNG as a subsidiary company to build, own
and operate the terminal.
We had to tackle many challenges at the start.
EMA then did not have any expertise in building
or running an LNG terminal. We brought in
Since then, SLNG has made tremendous
progress. Today, about half of our total natural
gas for power generation flows through its
terminal. SLNG has also been a critical partner
of Government and our power generation
companies, playing a key role in times of
market volatility to secure supplies from the
global market. Beyond energy security, SLNG’s
range of services and capabilities has helped to
develop a vibrant energy ecosystem. Singapore
is now one of the largest LNG trading hubs in
the world, ranking among the top countries in
terms of LNG re-export volumes.
I have every confidence that the team at
SLNG will continue to do their best in meeting
Singapore’s energy needs, and contribute to
our transition to greener fuels. SLNG has
been working with its partners to study
low-carbon alternatives such as hydrogen
and the use of cold energy to support carbon
capture and storage. Through close partnership
and collaboration, we can continue to ensure
reliable and sustainable energy for Singapore
for many years to come.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 9

 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE

Mr Tang Kin Fei

Chairman, Singapore LNG Corporation

With a mix of sheer

determination, can-do
spirit and problem-solving
ingenuity, we overcame
many challenges along
the way to build the
world-class LNG terminal
we have today.

10 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

 2023 is an exciting year for Singapore LNG Corporation (SLNG),
especially as we celebrate the 10th anniversary of the start of
commercial operations at the SLNG Terminal. I am proud to
present this commemorative book, which shares highlights of
SLNG’s journey and key achievements over the past decade.

When the SLNG Terminal began commercial
operations on Jurong Island on 7 May 2013,
with just one jetty and two storage tanks,
it marked the start of a new chapter in
Singapore’s energy story. Being the first LNG
terminal here, there was no “local model” we
could readily emulate – we were the pioneers,
so to speak, beating out a fresh new path for
the Singapore LNG industry. We brought in
experts from around the world to help us get
started and to learn from, and we recruited
locally to operate the terminal and develop the
talent pool for the industry.
The journey to reach this 10-year milestone
was not all smooth-sailing. But with a mix
of sheer determination, can-do spirit and
problem-solving ingenuity, we overcame many
challenges along the way to build the world-
class LNG terminal we have today; one that
operates to the highest safety and reliability
standards, can accommodate a wide range of
LNG carriers, and is able to serve the needs of
domestic and regional LNG markets alike.
Today, the SLNG Terminal is key infrastructure
for Singapore’s energy security, supplying some
50 per cent of the country’s natural gas used for
power generation. It has the capacity
and capability to support all of Singapore’s
power generation needs, if called upon to do so.
More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic
presented SLNG with a new and
unprecedented set of challenges that required
not just meticulous attention to the health and
safety of our employees, but also forward-
thinking and creativity to keep the terminal
running without disruption. I am proud to say
that SLNG did well to rise to the challenge.
Moving forward, SLNG will be building upon
the experiences of its first 10 years to catalyse
exciting new possibilities for Singapore’s
energy transition. This includes expanding
our infrastructure to better serve the market’s
needs, exploring ways to recover cold energy
for various uses, and facilitating the adoption
of more sustainable fuel sources to support
Singapore’s decarbonisation efforts and further
enhance energy security.
I invite you to peruse this book at your leisure
to learn more about SLNG’s 10-year journey
thus far, and where we are heading towards in
the years to come.
I would like to add that our successes would
not have been possible if not for the support
and collaboration we have received over the
years from stakeholders such as the Singapore
Government, particularly our shareholder the
Energy Market Authority; key customers such
as Shell Gas Marketing, Shell Eastern Trading,
Pavilion Energy Singapore, ExxonMobil Asia
Pacific and Sembcorp Fuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd;
and all our end users. I would like to extend
my heartfelt gratitude to them, as well as to
SLNG’s past and present Board Members, senior
management and staff, who have all contributed
to SLNG’s successes through the years.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 11

CATALYSING NEW POSSIBILITIES
IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION
14 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 C H A P T E R O N E

HE NEED FOR
A MORE SECURE
ENERG FUTURE
2 0 0 6 – 2 0 0 9

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 15

16 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 Senoko Power Station

A FUEL
FOR LIFE
FOR over 30 years, natural gas has helped to
keep Singapore’s homes, offices, factories
and more, running; powering the country’s
development and growth. In 1992, Senoko
power plant was the first power plant in
Singapore to be fuelled by piped natural gas
from Malaysia. Since then, the use of natural
gas for power generation has grown – from
just under 20 per cent in 2000, when oil
was still the preferred fuel, to more than
95 per cent today.

While natural gas is a fossil fuel, it is the

cleanest one, emitting 50 to 60 per cent
less carbon dioxide when burnt. When
considered along with its relative availability
and cost-effectiveness, natural gas is
the most ideal fuel source for Singapore,
helping to bridge the gap even as the
country moves forward to invest in more
sustainable and renewable energy sources.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 17

 MOVING B E YO N D
PIPE S
SINGAPORE’S switch from oil to
natural gas began with the import
of piped natural gas from Malaysia.
As the country grew economically
and prospered, moving from Third
World to First, the demand for
electrical power increased
in tandem.
To meet the rising needs,
Singapore signed a US$8 billion,
22-year agreement with Indonesia
to start importing natural gas
from West Natuna through a
more-than-650-kilometre-long
pipeline in 2001. Just two years
later, it inked a US$9 billion,
20-year agreement to bring
in more of the gas from South
Sumatra in Indonesia.
While these deals helped to fulfil
the surging demand, Singapore’s
reliance on piped natural gas
meant that it was limited in its
options for fuel sources, and
vulnerable to supply disruptions.
In one instance, a disruption in
the gas supply from West Natuna
to Singapore in 2004 left more
18 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
than 300,000 homes in the dark
and caused over S$6 million in
economic losses.
With the high stakes for Singapore’s
continued growth, the government
looked for other ways to import
the gas. In 2006, then-Minister for
Trade and Industry Lim Hng Kiang
announced that Singapore would
build a liquefied natural gas (LNG)
terminal, enabling it to ship natural
gas to the nation in liquid form from
various sources.
He said:
“With no natural fuel sources of our
own, we are exposed to the ups and
downs of the global fuel market. We
have no choice but to buy all the fuel
that we need… We need to diversify
our energy sources in order to ensure
that we are not over-reliant on a single
source for our energy needs.”
At the same time, having an LNG
terminal would empower Singapore
to become a trading hub for the fuel
in Asia, attracting traders and related
firms, creating jobs and adding
another economic engine for
the country.
 Over the years,
natural gas has
helped to meet
Singapore’s rising
energy demand
from homes, offices,
factories and more.

Building a liquefied
natural gas (LNG)
terminal has
enabled Singapore
to import the fuel
from anywhere in
the world, boosting
its energy security
and enabling it to
become an LNG
trading hub.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 19

 NATURAL GAS IN SINGAPORE
Singapore imports natural gas via pipelines and in
liquid form as LNG. Natural gas has a wide range of
applications that include:

Feed for various

industrial or
manufacturing
processes

Residential
cooking

Electricity
generation

Fuel for
transportation

20 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

A LO CA L CH A M P I ON
FOR LNG
WITH the decision made to build
the LNG terminal, the Singapore
government initially sought a
public-private partnership to
develop it. However, as the
global financial crisis roiled the
world from 2007 to 2009 and
financial markets became less
welcoming due to the economic
uncertainties, the public-private
partnership model became
increasingly unfeasible. Hence,
the government decided to step
in and take over the terminal’s
ownership and development.
In June 2009, the Energy Market
Authority (EMA) incorporated a
wholly-owned new company to
design, build, own and operate
the terminal – Singapore LNG
Corporation Pte Ltd, or SLNG.

SLNG was formed in 2009 to design, build,

own and operate Singapore’s first LNG terminal.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 21

22 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 C H A P T E R T WO

PI NEERING
A NEW P TH
2 0 10 – 2 0 13

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 23

24 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 SLNG Terminal

A TERMINAL
TA K E S S H AP E
WITH SLNG set up and a new team at the helm,
it was full steam ahead to design and construct
the terminal. The government designated a
30-hectare site at the southern-most tip of
Jurong Island for the terminal, which was later
expanded to 40 hectares to accommodate
projected infrastructure expansions in the future.

The location was carefully chosen to ensure

public safety and security of the installation,
with sufficient land for future expansions, and
water deep enough for large ships to berth.

In 2010, SLNG awarded the approximately

S$1 billion contract for the engineering,
procurement and construction of the terminal
to Samsung C&T Corporation. The South Korean
conglomerate and its major subcontractors
Fluor and Kogas-Tech had accumulated a
wealth of experience in developing LNG
terminal projects globally, and were thus a
safe pair of hands.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 25

 To manage the complex task of
overseeing the terminal’s build, SLNG
also appointed Foster Wheeler Asia
Pacific, a worldwide engineering
company that was a veteran in the LNG
sector, with considerable experience in
large-scale projects on Jurong Island,
as its project management consultant.
Through an integrated team and
partnership approach, SLNG’s Project
Development team worked together
with Foster Wheeler to manage the
completion of the terminal.
One of the SLNG Terminal’s storage tanks under construction.
26 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
The terminal was designed to be Asia’s
first open-access, multi-user terminal
capable of importing and re-exporting
LNG from multiple suppliers.
Mr Neil McGregor, SLNG’s first Chief
Executive Officer, recalled the breadth
and depth of the design challenge:
“The terminal was not only going to be a
key part of Singapore’s energy security, but
also had to be flexible and scalable enough
to be future-proof, as this could not have
been retrofitted at a later date. We had to
think of every possible use that it might
be called upon to serve over its full life,
and build these options into the design. I
believe that is what we had achieved.”
Pouring cement to build the storage tank.
 Mr Neil McGregor
Former Chief Executive Officer
Singapore LNG Corporation
(2009 – 2013)
The facilities to be built in the initial
phases of construction included three
massive LNG storage tanks and two
jetties. The latter spanned a primary
jetty for LNG ships with a cargo
capacity ranging from 120,000 to
265,000 cubic metres, and a secondary
jetty for those with a capacity from
60,000 to 265,000 cubic metres.
It is a testimony to the many people who
came together to create this terminal from
scratch, that it has been very successful in
moving Singapore forward. It has been key
to the country’s progress, and in raising the
standard of living for its people. Everyone
should be very proud of it.
With the terminal classified as a
key installation delivering essential
services for Singapore, its design had
to take into account possible threats
identified by the Ministry of Home
Affairs. For example, the walls and roof
of its storage tanks are thick enough
to withstand bomb blasts, and the
terminal’s parameter is fortified by a
security fence that can stop heavy
vehicles in their tracks.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 27
 The SLNG Terminal is Asia’s first open-access, multi-user terminal that can
import and re-export LNG from mutiple suppliers.

Each tank sits on

SHEDDING LIGHT ON STORAGE an area of around
6,358 square metres,
The SLNG Terminal’s first three storage tanks equivalent to the area of
can each hold 180,000 cubic metres of LNG. 14 basketball courts.
Here are other fun facts about the tanks.

More than 27,800 cubic

metres of concrete,
5,000 tonnes of steel
reinforcement bars and
3,600 tonnes of steel
plate were used to build
each tank.

Two additional layers of nickel

steel plate and carbon steel plate
line the inside of each tank’s one-
metre-thick concrete walls.

Each tank is large enough

to contain two Airbus
A380 aircraft stacked on
top of one another.

53m(h) x 90m(w)
6,358 square metres

28 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

A RE M A RK A B L E
CO N STRUC T I O N
THE terminal’s construction, which started
with a ground-breaking ceremony on
31 March 2010, was an intricate and
complicated undertaking. With thousands
of workers of different nationalities and
backgrounds descending on Jurong
Island to be part of the project, training
was mandated to ensure that all of them
could carry out their responsibilities to the
same high safety standard, before they
were even allowed on site.

one
Had at least
safety coordinator
for every 20 workers,
a higher standard than usual
in the industry.

The SLNG Terminal’s ground-breaking ceremony on 31 March 2010.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 29

 Attention to safety remained a top
priority throughout the construction
of the terminal. Each morning,
supervisors led physical exercises and
held toolbox meetings – essentially
safety briefings – tailored to the day’s
work. The supervisors also checked
that the workers wore the required
and proper safety equipment. Foster
Wheeler, Samsung C&T and the
subcontractors for the project each
deployed their own safety officers, and
had at least one safety coordinator for
every 20 workers, a higher standard
than is usual in the industry.

With these precautions and oversight

in place, as well as other measures
such as regular inspections of (Above left and right)
equipment and machinery, SLNG A strict adherence to
high safety standards
preserved a sterling safety record for was maintained
the terminal’s construction, achieving throughout the terminal’s
construction.
over 15 million man-hours of work
without any lost-time incidents
(which refer to those that result in
disabilities or an employee missing
work due to an injury).

The accomplishment was all the

more remarkable considering there
were some 2,900 people working
on the site at the peak of the
construction.

Working closely in tandem with the

construction schedule was Power
Gas, a subsidiary of Singapore Power,
who ensured that 65 kilometres 2,900 people
working on the site
of new gas pipelines were ready
at the peak of the
to receive regasified LNG into the construction.
existing network when the terminal
was ready for commercial operations.

30 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

As the terminal rose from the ground, a new commercial model was also being developed.
BUILDING SUPPORT
FOR LNG
AS the terminal rose from the
ground, SLNG also worked
with the government on a new
commercial model for LNG. With
Singapore’s limited market for the
fuel at the time, the country would
be able to negotiate better terms
with suppliers by consolidating
demand and procuring the fuel
through an aggregator.
In 2008, after a competitive
tender process, EMA issued the
first LNG import licence to BG
Singapore Gas Marketing (BG),
which is now part of energy
conglomerate Shell, giving it
the exclusive right to aggregate
demand for LNG from end-users in
Singapore and import up to three First LNG import
million tonnes of LNG per year into licence was
Singapore. The British multinational awarded to BG to
oil and gas company was a leading bring in up to three
million tonnes of
player in the global LNG industry LNG per year.
then, and had a diverse portfolio of
sources for the fuel.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 31
 Even before the terminal started operations, the International Energy Agency (IEA) noted
Singapore’s advantages to become a competitive natural gas trading hub.

By the time the terminal’s in 2013, Singapore had the makings

construction got underway, six for such a role as it was already
power generation companies had one of the world’s biggest
signed long-term gas purchase oil-trading hubs, with the
agreements with BG totalling about government commanding
1.5 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa), considerable experience in regulating
signalling their commitment and the energy commodity trade.
giving the terminal a running start.
The firms were Senoko Energy, YTL
Senoko Energy
PowerSeraya, Tuas Power, Sembcorp
Cogen, Keppel Merlimau Cogen
and Island Power Company (now YTL PowerSeraya
PacificLight Power).
Tuas Power
SLNG and the government also put
in place the pieces for Singapore to Sembcorp Cogen
BG Singapore Gas
become a regional LNG trading hub.
Marketing (now
As the International Energy Agency Shell Gas Marketing) Keppel Merlimau Cogen
(IEA) wrote in a report published
shortly before the terminal’s opening Island Power Company
(now PacificLight Power)

32 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

Compared to other potential trading
hubs in the region, “Singapore seems
the candidate best suited to develop
a competitive natural gas market and
trading hub in the medium term,”
the IEA noted.
Highlighting the importance of LNG to
Singapore’s future, Mr Chee Hong Tat,
who was Chief Executive of EMA at the
Mr Chee Hong Tat
Senior Minister of State
for the Ministry of Finance
and Ministry of Transport
Former Chief Executive
Energy Market Authority
(2011 – 2015)
time, and is currently Senior Minister
of State for the Ministry of Finance and
Ministry of Transport, explained:
“The introduction of LNG was pivotal
in diversifying Singapore’s gas supplies
and enhancing our energy security. It
also encouraged new plantings by power
generation companies, and supported the
growth of new business activities such as
LNG trading and bunkering.”
I thank the founding team at SLNG,
led by Chairman Bob Tan and Chief
Executive Officer Neil McGregor, for their
excellent work in getting the LNG terminal
started on time and within budget, while
achieving a very good safety record during
the construction.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 33
 CROSSING IN T O
A NE W E NE RGY
FUT URE
WITH the terminal near
completion, SLNG received its first
commissioning LNG cargo from
Qatargas in March 2013. This was
used to cool the terminal’s storage
tanks and pipes to their operating
temperature of about -161 degrees
Celsius and get them ready for full
and continuous operations.
The arrival of the cargo on the
Umm Slal, which is a Q-Max
The terminal welcomed its first commercial cargo on 7 May 2013.
34 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
LNG vessel, not only affirmed that
the terminal could accommodate
the largest LNG ships in the world,
but also that Singapore could
import LNG from any country,
opening up previously unavailable
supply options.
After years of preparation and hard
work, the terminal welcomed its -161°C
first commercial cargo from BG Operating
Temperature
on 7 May 2013, marking the start
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong officiating the opening of the SLNG Terminal on 25 February 2014.
of its commercial operations, and
creating a new pathway for the
future of Singapore’s energy sector.
The terminal began operations with
one jetty, two LNG storage tanks
and an initial send-out capacity
of around 3.5 Mtpa. By early 2014,
the second jetty and third storage
tank were completed, together with
additional regasification facilities,
raising the send-out capacity to
around 6 Mtpa.
When Prime Minister Lee Hsien
Loong officiated at the opening of
the terminal on 25 February 2014,
he emphasised:
“We can import, with this LNG
terminal, much more natural gas
from global markets, including from
anywhere in the world. Some of
our gas is coming from Trinidad &
Tobago, and it is hard to imagine a
source further away than that.”
He added:
“And because there are more suppliers
vying for our business, we can
obtain more competitive prices.
And with more gas available, and
new generation capacity entering
the market, electricity generation
becomes more competitive, which
will benefit consumers.
I t is a milestone in Singapore’s
energy journey.”
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 35
 Looking back, Mr Bob Tan, SLNG’s
first Chairman, shared his pride in the
organisation’s journey:
“I am pleased to note that SLNG has successfully
built on its throughput services, since
commercial production, to include other
related offerings such as gassing-up and cool-
down, storage and reload, transhipment, break-
bulk, LNG bunkering and truck loading services.
As SLNG celebrates its 10th anniversary, I wish it
every success, as it expands further and helps
position Singapore as a regional LNG trading
hub and further grow the LNG ecosystem.”

Mr Bob Tan I am delighted to be part of the SLNG story.

When we started the project, the priority
Former Chairman
was to get the terminal constructed on
Singapore LNG Corporation
(2010 – 2018) schedule, within budget and with a 100 per
cent safety record. This was successfully
achieved by a great team of people, both
within and outside SLNG, working together.

36 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

The SLNG Terminal began its commercial operations with one jetty, two LNG storage tanks
and an initial send-out capacity of about 3.5 Mtpa.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 37

 CH AP T E R T H RE E

F RTIFYING THE
PATH & PUSHING
BOUNDAR ES
2 0 14 – 2 0 18

38 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 39
40 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
B E CO M I N G A
WO RL D -CL A SS
TERMINAL
O P E R AT O R
LIKE any start-up, the terminal faced
some teething issues in its earliest days.
SLNG focused its efforts then primarily on
improving safety and reliability to meet the
high standards required of it and to achieve
operational stability.

For example, the terminal experienced

a number of unplanned gas supply
interruptions in the first couple of years of
operations. To address this, SLNG conducted
a comprehensive study to identify the
terminal’s single point of failure, and
introduced an N+1 operating philosophy,
such that if one equipment fails, it would not
have a significant impact on the gas supply.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 41

 SLNG’s safety and reliability improvements have included checking
all similar equipment if one is found to have faults.
Embarking on a journey of
continuous improvements, SLNG
developed processes, procedures
and programmes to bring the
terminal towards higher and higher
standards of safety, reliability
and operational excellence. For
instance, it developed a reliability
excellence programme that
tracked each piece of equipment’s
condition more closely – not just its
“fitness” as a whole, but the state of
its individual components as well.
SLNG also reviewed past incidents
and near-misses to pinpoint ways
to further strengthen the terminal’s
inspection and maintenance
regime. This included casting a
42 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
Its emphasis on manpower capability building and inculcating a
mindset for operational excellence has paid off.
wider net during checks, where all
One million
similar equipment are inspected if continuous
one is found to have faults. It also operational
embraced operations abnormality man-hours
without a
reporting to flag and investigate recordable
warning signs earlier. incident in
June 2018.
Investments in automation
and digitalisation, including
predictive maintenance analytics
to assess equipment’s health,
have reaped more dividends in
reliability over the years. Similarly,
SLNG’s continuous emphasis on
manpower capability building,
and inculcating a mindset for
operational excellence in its staff,
have also paid off.
From having nine and 11 gas supply
disruptions in FY2013 and FY2014
respectively, SLNG recorded only
one such incident in FY2015 and
subsequently achieved zero incidents
for the first time, in FY2018; and for
most years thereafter. On the safety
front, SLNG reached one million
continuous operational man-hours
without a recordable incident,
for the first time in June 2018. As
Mr John Ng, who was SLNG’s Chief
Mr John Ng
Former Chief Executive Officer
Singapore LNG Corporation
(2014 – 2018)
Executive Officer from 2014 to 2018,
pointed out:
“When I joined SLNG, the terminal was
something very new and there were
concerns that so much energy was
converged in one location. It was also
recognised that the terminal would
potentially have to support all of Singapore’s
energy needs, so operationalising it in such
a way that it would have the highest level of
reliability was also important. Hence, safety,
reliability, security and availability were my
key focus areas at that time.”
It was anticipated, even back then, that the
Singapore power sector will increasingly shift
towards relying more on LNG over piped
natural gas. As such, it will become increasingly
crucial that the LNG terminal is of world-class
standards. I am proud to say that SLNG has
done very well, and is today a world-class LNG
terminal operator.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 43
 Since commencing operations, SLNG has expanded its portfolio of services to include
Gassing-up and Cool-down, Storage & Reload, Transhipment, and more.

44 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

FROM E XPA N D I N G
S ERVIC E S…
AT the same time, SLNG was eager
to start pushing boundaries and
optimising its assets. It began
looking into enhancing its service
offerings almost immediately
after commencing commercial
operations, and started with its
first Gassing-up and Cool-down
(GUCD) service carried out in
September 2013.
The GUCD service taps
synergistically into Singapore’s
position as a major ship repair
hub to allow LNG carriers that are
newly-built, fresh out of the dry
dock, or entirely emptied at their
previous discharge ports to cool
their cargo tanks from ambient to
cryogenic temperatures, before
proceeding to load their next
LNG cargo.
To facilitate the physical trading
of LNG in the secondary market,
SLNG initiated its Storage and
Reload (S&R) service in 2014,
which allows a customer to
unload and store LNG cargoes
at the terminal, and reload them
at a later date for re-export to
other destinations. Coupled with
the fact that the SLNG Terminal
can accommodate a wide range
of ships of different sizes, the
customer is able to break the
cargo into smaller parcels for
delivery to the region using
small- or mid-sized LNG carriers.
SLNG also introduced
Transhipment services, which
allow LNG cargoes to be
transferred directly between
two LNG carriers berthed at the
terminal, without flowing through
the terminal’s LNG storage tanks.
When SLNG carried out its first
transhipment operations in
December 2017, it was believed to
be the first such operation done in
Southeast Asia.
In 2018, Singapore was ranked The first
second worldwide in terms of Gassing-up
LNG re-export volumes, according and Cool-
to the International Group of down (GUCD)
Liquefied Natural Gas Importers’ service was carried out
(GIIGNL’s) 2019 annual report. in September 2013.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 45
 …T O RAM PIN G
UP CAPAC IT Y…
AS SLNG added more services,
it also increased the terminal’s
handling capacities and capabilities
to better serve the country’s
needs and hone its potential as
a trading hub.
Between 2014 and 2018, SLNG
implemented the terminal’s phase
three expansion plan, awarding
the approximately S$700 million
contract for the engineering,
procurement and construction
project to Samsung C&T
after a rigorous tender and
evaluation process.
46 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
The third phase of construction
added a fourth storage tank and
more regasification infrastructure
to boost the terminal’s gas supply
capacity to the current annualised
average of 9 Mtpa. Standing at
260,000 cubic metres, the fourth
tank is amongst the largest in the
world today. When completed in
2018, it raised the terminal’s total
storage capacity to 800,000 cubic
metres. It can also receive a full
cargo load from a Q-Max carrier,
which is currently the world’s
largest LNG carrier.
The terminal’s masterplan has room for up to four more LNG storage tanks
and a third jetty if market demand calls for them.

SLNG maintained its excellent

safety record throughout the phase
three construction. Accumulating
across all phases of construction
thus far, SLNG has logged some 28
million man-hours of construction
work, without a lost-time incident. TK004

Designed for the future, the

terminal’s masterplan allows up
to four more LNG storage tanks
and a third jetty to be installed, 260,000
cubic metres
depending on market demand.
The fourth storage tank is amongst
the largest in the world today.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 47

 The SLNG Terminal’s LNG truck loading facility,
the first in SIngapore.

(Above left and right) The SLNG Terminal carried out the first cargo reload for the
FueLNG Bellina, Singapore’s first LNG bunkering vessel, in March 2021.

48 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

… A N D FACI L I TAT I N G
SM A L L-S CA L E L N G
DE LIV E RI E S
LOOKING at the needs of the wider
LNG market then, SLNG turned its
attention towards small-scale LNG
deliveries. In April 2017, the company
collaborated with the Maritime and
Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) to
jointly launch the nation’s first LNG
truck loading facility, situated within
the terminal.
At the facility, trucks can take on small
amounts of LNG and transport them
overland to just about any location
in Singapore where the fuel may be
needed, such as industrial plants that
can use natural gas for furnaces and
burners but are not connected to the
gas pipeline network. The trucks can
also deliver LNG to places in the port
where it can be loaded onto ships
for use as fuel, otherwise known as
truck-to-ship LNG bunkering.
Just two months after the facility’s
unveiling, SLNG executed its first
small-scale LNG gassing-up, cool-
down and reload operation at
the terminal, to test its ability to
service smaller-volume trades and
LNG bunkering. The operation
was conducted on the Cardissa, a
newly-built LNG bunker vessel with
a capacity of 6,500 cubic metres, at
the terminal’s secondary jetty. The
jetty was designed for LNG vessels
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together
with a capacity ranging from 60,000
to 265,000 cubic metres, and prior
to the Cardissa, the smallest vessel
that it had received was about 65,000
cubic metres.
The success of the Cardissa
operation prompted SLNG to
proceed with plans to modify the
secondary jetty to support small-
scale LNG trading and LNG bunkering
even more efficiently. The changes
included installing a new marine
loading arm and gangway catered for
small LNG ships, as well as set-ups
for securing them at the jetty.
The new Small-Scale LNG Facility,
which debuted in February 2019, can
receive and reload small LNG ships
of between 2,000 and 10,000 cubic
metres in capacity, and has helped
to spur the development of LNG
bunkering in the Port of Singapore.
Soon after the facility’s opening,
Pavilion Energy carried out the
first commercial ship-to-ship LNG
bunkering in the port, which involved
reloading 2,000 cubic metres of
LNG from a small-scale tanker to
a receiving heavy-lift commercial
vessel. In March 2021, the terminal
carried out the first cargo reload for
the FueLNG Bellina, Singapore’s first
LNG bunkering vessel.
49
 H ARNE SSING
COM PE TITIO N
With EMA’s Competitive Licensing Framework launched in 2014,
Singapore can continue to access competitively-priced and
reliable supplies of LNG.
WITH the terminal in operation and
the terms of BG’s contract almost
fulfilled, EMA took steps to move to a
more robust LNG import framework
that would enable Singapore to
continue to access competitively-
priced and reliable supplies of LNG.
After two rounds of consultation with
industry stakeholders, and taking on
board their feedback, the authority
finalised a Competitive Licensing
Framework and introduced it in 2014.
Briefly, this framework takes a
‘tranche-by-tranche’ approach
towards LNG procurement, that
includes a stringent and competitive
process to select the next importer(s)
50 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
5 LNG IMPORT
LICENSEES
to supply long- or short-term LNG.
The appointed importer(s) will have
the obligation to offer to all LNG
buyers in Singapore. On the other
hand, the framework gives gas
buyers a range of choices. They
can customise their own gas supply
portfolio and pursue their own
gas contract negotiations and
price discovery.
The framework does not
pre-determine the number of
importers appointed each time.
EMA can select one or more
new importers, or permit existing
incumbent(s) to grow beyond
their franchise. With this flexibility,
Singapore can keep its options open. It
can seize opportunities that arise from
changing global market conditions and
the emergence of new suppliers who
offer better terms.
Singapore currently has five LNG import
licensees – Shell Gas Marketing Pte Ltd
(formerly BG Singapore Gas Marketing
Pte Ltd), Shell Eastern Trading (Pte)
Ltd, Pavilion Energy Singapore Pte
Ltd, ExxonMobil LNG Asia Pacific and
Sembcorp Fuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd.
Mr Ng Wai Choong
Former Chief Executive
Energy Market Authority
(2015 – 2018)
Reflecting on the Singapore LNG
ecosystem’s growth, Mr Ng Wai Choong,
who was EMA’s Chief Executive from
2015 to 2018, recollected:
“During my tenure, we took further steps
to expand the role of LNG in enhancing
Singapore’s energy security and reliability.
These included the appointment of LNG
importers Pavilion Energy Singapore and
Shell Eastern Trading. We also opened the
gas market to spot LNG imports to inject
greater competition and further diversify
Singapore’s gas supply.”
SLNG has been a valuable partner throughout
this journey. I always found the SLNG team
to be very professional, progressive and
collaborative. SLNG’s close partnership has
paved the way for Singapore to be an LNG
trading and bunkering hub, with reliable,
flexible and competitively-priced LNG supplies.
My heartiest congratulations to SLNG on
its 10th anniversary!
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 51
52 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 C H AP T E R FO U R

RAMPING P
FOR THE ENERGY
TRANSITI N
2 0 19 – 2 0 2 3

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 53

54 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 A N E W V I S ION
FOR SLNG
TODAY, SLNG fulfils about 50 per cent of
Singapore’s total natural gas demand, and
has enough capacity to support all of the
country’s power sector gas needs, based on
current demand projection. Even so, it is not
resting on its laurels.

In 2020, it developed a five-year strategic

roadmap to create new value by growing
the LNG ecosystem in Singapore and
beyond. This includes working with partners
to further develop the throughput and LNG
bunkering business in Singapore, facilitating
more LNG trading, embarking on digital and
business transformation projects for greater
efficiency and agility, and more.

To better align with this new phase of

growth and development, SLNG embarked
on an exercise to review and update its
branding and, in the process, recast its
vision and values and launched a new logo.

Facilitate more LNG

trading, bunkering, and
other activities.

25
20

Further enhance Embark on

20

throughput services digitalisation

20

and energy security. and business

transformation
projects.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 55

 SLNG’s new vision – Catalysing New
Possibilities in the Energy Transition
– reflects its broader ambition to
not just meet but exceed its energy
security mandate; advance the growth
of the LNG ecosystem; and facilitate
developments and innovations in
sustainable new energy.
Driving the fulfilment of this vision is
a set of new core values – Forward-
Looking, Collaborative, Courageous,
Engaging, Enterprising and Energising.
Mr Tan Soo Koong
Chief Executive Officer
Singapore LNG Corporation
(2019 – Present)
56 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
Explaining the impetus for the
development, Mr Tan Soo Koong,
current Chief Executive Officer of
SLNG, elaborated:
“When I joined in 2019, we took a pause to
consider more deeply about what’s next
for SLNG. At that time the LNG adoption
for the industry – not just for power
generation but for bunkering and other
areas – was developing very rapidly, so
we needed to move beyond the energy
security mandate to support and defend
Singapore as an energy hub.”
Firstly, we needed to continue to ensure energy security.
This is the primary driving force of SLNG, and I am very
proud that we can serve our nation in this important
capacity. Secondly, we needed to grow the LNG business
and make full use of our strategic assets. Thirdly, we
needed to confront and address the changing energy
landscape. We are well aware that while LNG is the
cleanest fossil fuel, the ultimate goal for the future is to
transition towards cleaner, more sustainable and even
renewable fuels; and SLNG can and should play a role
in this transition. Finally, overarching all of this, we
needed to boost the enabling imperatives to ensure that
we have the right skillsets and digital platforms to bring
SLNG forward.
CATALYSING NEW POSSIBILITIES
IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION
VALUES TO DRIVE A VISION
With the future in mind, SLNG recast its core values to
align with its new phase of growth and development. The
new values are:

FORWARD-LOOKING

Seeing what’s possible –

focusing on opportunities
and solutions rather than
obstacles.

ENGAGING
ENERGISING Connecting and
reaching out to share
Bringing openness,
ideas and solutions.
ideas and passion to
relationships, so that
others are motivated
to do more.
COURAGEOUS

Resolve and conviction

about our strategy for
the future; committed to
ENTERPRISING doing the right thing now.

Willingness to try
new things and to go
the extra mile to get
things done.

COLLABORATIVE

Teamwork and
partnerships for
win-win outcomes.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 57

 GROWING
S TRO NGE R
T O GE TH E R
PEOPLE development has always
been high on SLNG’s list of priorities.
Starting from even before terminal
operations began, SLNG has been
investing heavily in building up core
capabilities, with employees learning
the ropes and crucial skills through
training stints with established
terminals overseas and on-the-job
training. So, as SLNG rolled out its
five-year plan, it sought to bring
its staff along on the journey by
continuing to place emphasis on
learning and development to equip
them with the right skills, tools
and competencies.
In 2020, it carried out a structural
review of each of its business
groups to understand the skills and
knowledge that it must have to
support its five-year roadmap. It also
began an annual assessment of its
staff’s skillsets to gauge against the
future capabilities needed, so that it
can take timely action to bridge
any gaps.
In particular, SLNG embarked on a
Technicians Qualification project
in June 2020, aimed at assessing
and eventually qualifying its existing
technicians and supervisors as
58 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
competent, through a structured
process. Its operations, human
resource and learning & development
teams worked together to curate a
bespoke in-house competency-based
assessment framework, underpinned
by a learning roadmap that identifies
the specific training required for each
technician and supervisor grade. The
assessments were also conducted
in-house, leveraging on the
experience of SLNG’s trained
assessors who were further put SLNG’s investments
through robust training from in building up core
capabilities have
an established third party. The included training
qualification process was successfully stints with established
overseas terminals and
completed for relevant existing on-the-job training.
employees in November 2022, and
has become a required process for
new joiners moving forward.
Technical competencies aside,
every employee has a personalised,
individual development plan that is
reviewed every year in conversation
with their reporting manager,
taking into account their progress,
professional interests and career
goals. SLNG also implemented a
talent development programme to
identify high-potential employees,
groom them for leadership positions
and track their development.
It assesses its staff’s skillsets to gauge against future Each employee has a personalised, individual development
capabilities needed, so it can bridge any gaps. plan that is reviewed annually.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 59

 Beyond these forward-looking stances,
which ensure that SLNG continues to
be competitive and future-ready, it
has focused on making sure that its
employees feel part of the organisation’s
family. Efforts in this regard include
setting up a Staff Welfare Committee
to organise various activities for staff
throughout the year to promote
staff well-being and team bonding;
organising quarterly townhalls and
monthly birthday celebrations; and
rolling out an employee engagement
survey every two years to measure the
extent to which staff feel engaged,
energised and enabled at work.
Mr Abdul Samad
General Secretary of the
Union of Power & Gas Employees
(2015 – Present)
60 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
The strides that SLNG has made in
engaging with its employees, and
helping them grow and develop,
are partly attributable to its close
collaborative relationship with the Union
of Power & Gas Employees (UPAGE),
which has been a credible partner in
the Boardroom. UPAGE shares useful
perspectives in industrial relations, best
practices in enhancing the well-being
of its members, and most importantly
sentiments from SLNG’s employees
on which the union may have a
stronger pulse.
The relationship between SLNG and UPAGE has always
been robust and respectful. SLNG is forward-looking
in training its workforce, whether in the technologies
of today to improve how jobs are done, or in its plans
for the future. It provides proper training, and when its
employees become more productive and value-added,
it shares the benefits.
At the same time, it has built up a local talent pool in
the LNG industry, and continues to recruit and train
locals. This is important for such critical infrastructure,
and SLNG has done a responsible job on this.
A mural at the SLNG Terminal serving as a reminder of the company’s commitment to sustainability.
A FO C US O N
SUS TA IN A B I L I T Y
WITH the global fight against
climate change intensifying,
SLNG redoubled its commitment
to reduce carbon emissions
and promote sustainability. In
this regard, the company has
set a target to materially reduce
its carbon emissions by 30
per cent by 2030 and achieve
carbon neutrality by 2050.
This commitment is not just a
corporate slogan; it is embedded
in SLNG’s Environmental, Social
and Governance (ESG) framework,
which guides the company’s
operations and long-term strategy.
Enhancing energy efficiency is one
of the key strategies to reduce
carbon emissions, and one of the
first steps that SLNG took was
to install a solar power system Produces about
spanning the rooftops of several 700 megawatt
of its terminal’s buildings, in 2020. hours of renewable
energy.
This system is capable of producing
about 700 megawatt hours of
renewable energy, nearly 200 times
the yearly household electricity
consumption of a four-room public
flat in Singapore; and is able to Averts about
offset about 300 tonnes of carbon 300 tonnes of
dioxide emissions annually. carbon dioxide.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 61
 SLNG has installed solar panels on several buildings in
its terminal, as part of its sustainability efforts.

In 2021, SLNG finalised a five-

year carbon reduction roadmap
to reduce its terminal’s direct and
indirect emissions. The roadmap
sets out yearly energy targets and
specific measures to achieve them,
such as transitioning the terminal’s
lighting to more energy-efficient
ones, and digitalising its energy
management system to pinpoint
and rectify inefficiencies. An
internal energy efficiency team was
appointed to closely monitor the
terminal’s total energy usage and
spearhead improvements.
SLNG is addressing indirect
emissions and social issues, such as
anti-corruption and human rights,
in its supply chain by adding ESG
considerations in its procurement
policies and processes. As a start, it
has incorporated energy efficiency
criteria in supplier assessments.
Over the next few years, SLNG
will survey its direct suppliers to
determine their ability to meet its
ESG goals, implement a supplier
code of conduct that covers core
ESG elements, and embed ESG
credentials and criteria in its tenders
as part of the appraisal process.
Taking an additional step to clearly
demonstrate its commitment to
transparency and accountability,
SLNG has been voluntarily
publishing an annual sustainability
report, prepared in line with Global
Reporting Initiative Sustainability
Reporting Standards, since 2021.

62 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

T H E COVID- 19
CH ALLE N G E
AS the saying goes, the best laid
plans of mice and men often go
awry. The COVID-19 pandemic
struck in late 2019, wreaking
havoc across the world and hitting
Singapore in early 2020.

SLNG, classed as an essential

service, rose quickly and effectively
to the challenge. Management and
staff worked closely together to
continuously monitor the situation
and roll out a multitude of measures
to protect employees’ health and
safeguard operations.

Apart from adhering closely to
the Singapore government’s
guidelines and advisories, such
as introducing safe distancing,
temperature screening and split
team arrangements, and having
employees who could work from
home do so, SLNG went above and
beyond to ensure that operations
remained undisrupted throughout
the pandemic.
Some of the initiatives included
arranging door-to-door transport
for those based at the terminal
to minimise exposure on public
transport; increasing the frequency
and thoroughness of cleaning and
disinfection at the terminal and
its headquarters; providing staff
with hand sanitisers and masks;
conducting periodical pulse check
surveys to keep an eye on their
During the COVID-19 pandemic, SLNG’s operations team kept the terminal
running around the clock, without disruption.
well-being and potential stressors;
bringing in an external agency
to provide counselling to those
who need it; and distributing care
packages to boost morale.
To minimise the risk of COVID-19
infections within the terminal, the
operations team came up with
creative solutions to keep essential
teams separated. This included
implementing a colour-coding
system so that personnel from
different teams can easily identify
one another and avoid contact, and
only personnel from the same team
would touch the same common
surfaces (eg door handles) based on
the coloured tape on them.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 63

 An alternative system was also
devised to carry out the required
handover briefings between two
shift teams, without the incoming
and outgoing teams being in the
same room at the same time,
while ensuring that at least one
person had sight of the terminal’s
operations at all times.
Not only did the COVID-19
pandemic bring SLNG’s innovative
and resilient spirit to the fore, it also
brought about some unexpected
benefits. With countries imposing
lockdowns, SLNG could not rely
on its overseas vendors to send
specialists to maintain and repair the
equipment that they had installed
at the terminal. Its operations team
learnt to carry out these tasks
themselves, initially by leveraging
SLNG implemented a raft of measures to keep employees safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, including following
the government’s guidelines and advisories, such as safe distancing and split-team arrangements.
64 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
on digital technology to enable the
vendors to ‘see’ the problem and
provide guidance remotely. Over
time, the team acquired the skills
and experience needed to perform
critical equipment maintenance by
themselves, hence becoming
self-reliant and reducing
dependence on the vendors.
CEO Mr Tan shared:
“COVID brought about a lot of
new learnings for SLNG. When we
needed the experts’ help and they
could not fly in, we used digital
means to tap their expertise. This
actually helped our people to elevate
their skills and competency levels, and
now our staff are contributing at a
higher level and we have become less
dependent on external parties. This
is good for the organisation and for
individual employees.”
This mural located in front of the terminal’s Main Control Room reflects
SLNG’s mandate to support Singapore’s energy security.

STE PPING U P T O
SUP PO RT EN E RGY
SEC URIT Y
AS the pandemic began to ease, soaring
energy demand led to LNG shortages
worldwide and higher electricity prices.
SLNG stepped up to work side by side
with EMA to help further strengthen
Singapore’s energy security.
On the demand side, SLNG supported
the design of the drawdown
mechanism for power generation
companies in Singapore to tap on
the standby LNG facility when they
encountered gas supply issues, so that

On EMA’s request, it took on the

responsibility of procuring LNG on the
spot market for immediate delivery, to
make up for shortfalls in Singapore’s
natural gas supply. It quickly established
itself as a reputable and astute buyer,
being able to consistently purchase the
fuel at competitive prices despite the
challenging market landscape. It also
managed to charter ships on short notice
for use as floating LNG storage for this
additional strategic inventory.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 65

 they can avoid interruptions to their
electricity supply to consumers. Since
SLNG set up the standby facility, it
has also supervised and operated the
drawdowns, playing a bigger role in
the stability and security of Singapore’s
energy sector. This facility, which
became operational in late 2021, was
originally slated to be temporary but
has since become a permanent part of
Singapore’s energy equation, given the
ongoing volatility in the LNG market,
Mr Ngiam Shih Chun
Chief Executive
Energy Market Authority
(2018 – Present)
66 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
worsened by the Ukraine-Russia crisis.
Calling attention to SLNG’s crucial
contributions, Mr Ngiam Shih Chun, the
current Chief Executive of EMA, noted:
“During the global energy crisis in 2021 and
2022, the standby LNG facility supplied
gas to generation companies to address
shortfalls, and this helped to stabilise our
energy sector during the crisis. With energy
demand expected to continue increasing,
SLNG will continue to be a critical
stakeholder in our energy infrastructure.”
SLNG has grown rapidly over the years.
Even as it has expanded its capacity,
capabilities and range of services, it has
maintained high levels of safety, reliability
and efficiency. With a partnership built on
shared goals, SLNG and EMA will continue
to ensure Singapore’s energy resilience,
while also fostering an environment that
encourages innovation and sustainability.
To help stabilise Singapore’s energy sector, SLNG chartered ships to serve as
floating LNG storage for additional inventory.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 67

 C H A P T E R FI VE

F RGING AHEAD
TO THE NEXT
DECADE AND
BEY ND

68 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 69
70 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
 NET
ZERO
2050
carbon
emissions
goals

S I N G A P O RE’S
F U T U RE
E N E RGY
L A N D S CA P E
MOVING forward, Singapore’s energy future
is bright. The government is backing LNG
as the country’s transition fuel of choice
as it works towards achieving its carbon
emissions goals, which include reaching
net zero emissions by 2050. It is also inking
partnerships to encourage the LNG sector’s
growth locally and beyond.

In 2022, it signed a Memorandum of

Cooperation (MOC) on LNG cooperation
and energy transitions with Japan, building
on an earlier MOC on low emissions
solutions. The new MOC will expand the two
nations’ collaborations to include promoting
investments across the LNG value chain,
discussing LNG’s use as a transition fuel, and
knowledge sharing on measuring, reporting
and verifying greenhouse gas emissions in
LNG supply chains.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 71

 Among other joint efforts, Singapore is
also working with Qatar, the world’s top
LNG exporter, to strengthen long-term
LNG supply chains, boost technical
cooperation and exchange knowledge
on carbon capture and storage. As
Minister for Manpower and Second
Minister for Trade and Industry Dr Tan
See Leng stated in underlining the path
for Singapore’s energy future:
Dr Tan See Leng
Minister for Manpower and
Second Minister for Trade and Industry
72 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
“Natural gas is the primary fuel for power
generation in Singapore and is also the
cleanest fossil fuel. It will continue to be
essential to Singapore even as we transition
to a net-zero future by 2050.
SLNG plays a vital role in Singapore’s
energy security as the owner, developer
and operator of Singapore’s only
open-access, multi-user LNG Terminal. It
enables Singapore to access a diversity of
natural gas sources across the world.”
Beyond energy security, SLNG’s development
of new services and capabilities, such as LNG
bunkering and storage and reload services,
has helped establish Singapore as one of the
largest LNG trading hubs in the world.
I congratulate SLNG on 10 years of successful
operations. SLNG is a shining example
of Singapore’s commitment to energy
security and innovation. I look forward to
SLNG’s future contributions to Singapore’s
decarbonisation journey.
The Singapore government has backed LNG as the country’s transition fuel of choice as
it works towards achieving its carbon emissions goals.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 73

 GEARING UP F O R
LNG G ROW T H
WITH natural gas being one of
EMA’s ‘four switches’ to diversify
Singapore’s energy sources, SLNG
will continue to play an essential
role in Singapore’s energy security
for years to come. It is anticipated
that LNG will grow to take up at
least 70 per cent of the country’s
natural gas demand (over piped
natural gas), in the not too
distant future.
To further enhance Singapore’s
energy security and better support
the growth of the LNG ecosystem,
SLNG is looking into expanding
its terminal infrastructure and
capacity over the next few years.
Among its plans is to increase the
available LNG storage capacity
to serve rising demand for the
fuel and broaden the options for
LNG trading and other businesses.
NATURAL GAS SOLAR
The four switches of Singapore’s energy future.
74 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
Several options are being
explored in this regard, including
bringing in a Floating Storage and
Regasification Unit (FSRU) which
would be a relatively easier to
implement option; and/or
building additional storage tanks
at the terminal that would be
“future-ready” - equipped with
membrane technology that
provides the flexibility for the
tanks to be used to store other
greener fuels like ammonia.
There are also other expansion
projects in the pipeline, such as
building out the tertiary jetty to
enable more LNG bunkering and
small-scale reload activities; and
constructing a more permanent
and upgraded LNG truck loading
facility that can accommodate
more trucks and operate more
efficiently, with better equipment.
REGIONAL EMERGING LOW
POWER GRIDS CARBON ALTERNATIVES
 SLNG will continue to play a vital role in Singapore’s energy security for years to come.

Cryogenic Above Ground Storage Tank: Full Containment and

“FUTURE READY” Membrane Comparison of Technologies.

Roof (reinforced
concrete)
Full Containment Technology Membrane Technology

Currugated Stainless
Steel Membrane
Insulated
Primary Barrier
suspended deck
Outer Tank: Pre-stressed (AI + Fiberglass) Plywood
concrete (5000 tonnes Plyurethane Foam
steel reinforcements +
Triplex Secondary
28,000m3 concrete)
Barrier (TPS) Insulating Panel
Perlite Plyurethane Foam
9% Nickel Inner Tank
(3000 tonnes inc. CS liner) Plywood

Bottom Anchoring Elements;

Insulation Mastic & Studs
Slab (reinforced
concrete) Concrete wall covered
with moisture barrier
Slab Heating
System

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 75

 SLNG is supporting Singapore’s efforts to study low-carbon fuel alternatives such as ammonia.

76 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

FO ST E RI N G
A M ULT I-F U E L F U T U RE
ALONGSIDE these LNG-related
projects, SLNG is supporting
Singapore’s ventures into ammonia
and other low-carbon fuel
alternatives. Ammonia, made up of
nitrogen and hydrogen, is already
widely produced and used as a
fertiliser. It holds promise
as a green fuel as it does not
contain carbon and can be
used to transport hydrogen,
another potential green fuel,
cost-efficiently.
SLNG’s expertise in LNG is
translatable to ammonia as the
two substances have similarities,
particularly in handling and storage.
They are both fuels that must be
stored and managed at cryogenic
conditions, albeit at a higher and
less energy-intensive -33 degrees
Celsius for ammonia, compared to
LNG’s -161 degrees Celsius.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together
In 2022, when EMA and MPA
invited interested parties to
submit proposals under an
Expression of Interest to build,
own and operate an end-to-end
low- or zero-carbon ammonia
power generation and bunkering
solution on Jurong Island, SLNG
participated in the call.
By contributing its experience
and expertise, it could enable
Singapore to start adopting
ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel
by as early as 2027, through a
pilot ammonia terminal, jetty
and bunkering infrastructure,
extending its track record in
cryogenic systems and storage
to help Singapore in its energy
transition and energy security.
77
 H ARNE SSING
COLD E N E RGY
TO support Singapore’s energy
transition and low-carbon ambition,
SLNG is also looking into harnessing
the cold energy released from its
terminal’s operations.

Cold energy, if harnessed well, can

be a substitute for applications
that require refrigeration systems.
Compared with these systems, the
two-pronged benefits of utilising cold
energy are one, a significantly lower
capital and operational expenditure;
and two, the elimination of Scope
2 emissions. Today, cold energy is
applied in several applications such
as air separation units and cryogenic
power generation.

SLNG intends to prioritise its available

cold energy to support Singapore’s
energy, chemicals and maritime
sectors. The energy can potentially
be used to liquefy carbon dioxide
captured from these sectors, which
could then eventually be sequestered
or utilised in other ways.

The company is hopeful that in time

to come, it can support both existing
emitters as well as help advance the
development of low-carbon emissions
Cold energy from SLNG’s terminal operations could be used to
technologies and applications, via the support carbon capture and storage efforts.
use of its cold energy.

78 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

The ice, forming on the outside of certain equipment during operations, hints at the amount
of cold energy that could be harnessed from the terminal.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 79

 From SLNG’s first LNG storage tank to its latest developments, it has contributed to Singapore’s
energy journey. It is stepping up its efforts for the country’s energy transition.

80 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

TH E ROA D
AH E A D
AS a pioneer of Singapore’s
LNG industry, boldly thrashing
out a path where there was not
one before, the first 10 years of
SLNG’s operations have been
fraught with difficulties. By
working as a team and leveraging
on diverse talents, it has
overcome these obstacles one
by one, making the journey more
fulfiling, and the achievements
along the way sweeter.
With the swiftly changing energy
landscape, driven by a global
fervour to expedite the energy
transition, the next 10 years
could be even more challenging
and exciting for SLNG.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together
As SLNG’s CEO Mr Tan articulated,
“Where will SLNG be in the next five to
10 years? What can SLNG do, besides
LNG? These are questions that have
kept me awake at night sometimes.
I see LNG continuing to be a staple
component in Singapore’s energy mix,
for a long time to come. I also see
LNG contributing in a big way to the
decarbonisation of Jurong Island and,
in doing so, for Singapore as a whole
as well. And I believe SLNG will play a
leading role in enabling new sources
of clean energy in Singapore – such as
ammonia and hydrogen – in a secure,
safe and sustainable manner.
But whichever direction the energy
transition takes, I believe that SLNG
has the talents, agility, spirit and
fortitude to keep moving forward.
SLNG will continue to Catalyse New
Possibilities in the Energy Transition,
for a long, long time.”
81
 POWERING THE SLNG STORY
Over the past decade, the SLNG Terminal

THE WAY has transformed Singapore’s energy

ecosystem, boosting its energy security
and enabling it to step forward as a

FORWARD regional LNG trading hub. Here’s a look at

some of its key milestones to date.

2009 2010 2012

30 June
Singapore LNG Corporation Pte Ltd
(SLNG) is incorporated to develop,
build, own and operate Singapore’s
first LNG terminal.
31 March
SLNG holds a groundbreaking
ceremony to mark the start of the
terminal’s construction, during which
the first Terminal Use Agreement
(TUA) is signed between SLNG and BG
Singapore Gas Marketing.
24 October
The Singapore government
announces the decision to build
a fourth LNG storage tank and
associated facilities, to further
boost the terminal’s capacity.

2 November
The Singapore government announces
the decision to accelerate the terminal’s
expansion with the construction of a
third LNG storage tank.

82 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

2013
27 March
The terminal receives its first LNG
cargo for its commissioning.
7 May
The terminal welcomes its first
commercial LNG cargo and begins
commercial operations.
29 September
The terminal performs its first
vessel Gassing-Up and Cool-
Down (GUCD) operation.
2014 2016
25 February 1 April
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong The terminal commissions its Gas
officially opens the SLNG Terminal. Engine Generator, further enhancing its
ability to operate without disruption.
28 July
The first LNG cargo under SLNG’s 23 June
Storage & Reload service is delivered. SLNG signs its first two-year Storage &
Reload service agreement.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 83
 2017
29 January
SLNG signs TUAs
with newly licensed
aggregators, Pavilion
Energy Singapore and
Shell Eastern Trading.
12 April
SLNG and MPA jointly
launch Singapore’s
first LNG Truck
Loading Facility.
7 December
The terminal carries out
its first jetty-to-jetty
LNG transfer, believed
to be the first such
operation performed in
Southeast Asia.
84 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition
2018 2019 2020
27 March 13 February 10 March
The terminal’s Tank Modifications to the SLNG signs its first five-year
4, one of the largest terminal’s secondary Storage & Reload service
LNG tanks in the world, jetty are completed, agreement.
receives provisional enabling it to reload
acceptance. small-scale LNG ships. 30 March
SLNG signs a Memorandum
29 May Of Understanding (MOU)
The first Spot with four local and two
Throughput cargo Japanese companies
is delivered to to study ways to utilise
the terminal. hydrogen as a low-carbon
alternative energy source.
1 June
SLNG achieves one 28 November
million continuous The terminal crosses the
operational man-hours 100th GUCD mark.
without a recordable
incident. 29 December
The terminal completes
the installation of a rooftop
solar power system that is
able to offset about 300
tonnes of carbon dioxide
emissions annually.
2021
23 March
The terminal performs the first
cargo reload for the FueLNG
Bellina, Singapore’s first LNG
bunkering vessel.
27 August
SLNG concludes TUAs with newly
licensed aggregators, ExxonMobil
LNG Asia Pacific and Sembcorp
Fuels (Singapore).
5 November
SLNG operationalises the Standby
LNG Facility (SLF) developed
with EMA, to address LNG supply
volatility in the market.
29 November
SLNG signs an MOU with Linde
Gas Singapore to explore the
feasibility and development of a
carbon dioxide liquefaction and
storage facility.
2022 2023
24 March 28 July
The first LNG Floating Storage Unit LNG flows through the
(FSU) arrives at the terminal to terminal reach 6 million
provide additional inventory storage tonnes per annum (Mtpa)
for the SLF. for the first time in SLNG’s
operating history.
13 April
Inventory storage for the SLF is
further boosted with the arrival of
the first LNG Floating Storage and
Regasification Unit (FSRU) at the
terminal. The MOL FSRU Challenger
(later renamed Bauhinia Spirit) is the
world’s largest FSRU.
25 October
The Singapore government
announces the institutionalisation
of the SLF, making it a permanent
feature of Singapore’s energy market.
SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 85
 AF TE RWO RD
As SLNG looks to the future, it is pushing
ahead in decarbonisation, greener energy
sources, capability and capacity building and
more, equipping itself to go beyond its energy
security mandate to support and accelerate
Singapore’s energy transition. As it marks
10 years of commercial operations, its new
journey is just beginning.

SLNG was set up for the purpose of enhancing

Singapore’s energy security, and we are proud
to have served the nation over the past 10 years.
With the changes in the energy landscape, we are
stepping up to play a bigger role, to contribute
our concepts and ideas and develop them to help
pave the way for Singapore’s energy transition.
We are learning new skills and investing in new
technologies. With the vision of the Singapore
government, and working together, we can shape a
greater and greener energy future for Singapore.

Mr Tan Soo Koong

Chief Executive Officer
Singapore LNG Corporation

86 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

This artwork, painted by Mr Raymond Lau, a Singaporean living with
Tourette Syndrome, portrays the important role that the SLNG Terminal
plays to support Singapore’s energy security. SLNG collaborated
with ART:DIS, a non-profit that champions opportunities for persons
with disabilities in the arts, to commission this painting as part of its
10th anniversary celebrations.

SLNG Celebrates A Decade of Energising Possibilities Together 87

 ACK N OWL E D G E M E N T S
SLNG would like to thank all its
stakeholders, particularly the Energy
Market Authority, customers, partners
and end-users for their invaluable
support through the years. It would
also like to thank its past and present
board members, senior management
and staff, whose contributions have
brought SLNG to where it is today.

88 Paving The Way For The Energy Transition

PUBLISHED BY
Singapore LNG Corporation Pte Ltd
991G Alexandra Road, #03-29C
Singapore 119975

PAVING THE WAY

FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION

Copyright © 2023
Singapore LNG Corporation Pte Ltd
All rights reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

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by any means, including photocopying, recording, or
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prior written permission of the publisher.

Every effort has been made to trace all sources

and copyright holders of news articles, figures and
information in this book before publication. If any have
been inadvertently overlooked, The Singapore LNG
Corporation Pte Ltd will ensure that full credit is given
at the earliest opportunity.

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