75 IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS ABOUT

REINFORCEMENT

1). Concrete Cover for Reinforcement

Beam = 25 mm

Slab = 20 mm

Column = 40 mm

Footing = 50 mm

Staircase = 20mm

2). Weight of Steel per Rmt?

a). Weight of steel in kg = d2/162.2kg/mtr

b). Weight of steel in feet = d2/533kg/ft

3). Standard Length of MS Bar?

Standard length of a deformed ( MS ) Mild steel bar is 40′ or 12 meter.

4). Full form of different types of bars

T M X = Thermo Mechanically treated bars.

SD = Super Ductile bars.

H Y S D = high yield strength deformed bar.

C T D = Cold twisted bars.

5 ). Types of Steel Bars.

Mild Steel = Fe 250 N/mm 2

H Y S D = Fe 415 or Fe 500 N/ mm2.

6). Minimum Longitudinal Bar in a Column?

A square-shape column should 4 numbers of bars.

A round Shape column should have minimum 6 numbers of bar.

7). Required bending wire

For binding one ton of steel reinforcement binding wire required 7 kg

to 13 kg.

8). Chair

Diameter of MS bar for chair shouldn’t be less than 12 mm .

9). Chair

The Maximum Chair spacing should be 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1 meter

square

10). Unite Weight of Steel bar

6 mm = 0.222 Kg

8 mm = 0.395 Kg

10 mm = 0.616 Kg

12 mm = 0.888 Kg

16 mm = 1.578 Kg

20 mm = 2.466 Kg

25 mm = 3.853 Kg
11). C/C means Center to Center Distance.

12). D L means Development Length

13). T M T means Thermo Mechanically treated bars.

14). The transverse reinforcement provided in columns are called Ties.

15). The transverse reinforcement provided in Beams is called

as Stirrups.

16). Minimum Diameter of bar in Slab is 8 mm.

17). Minimum diameter of bar in Column is 12 mm.

18). maximum diameter of steel in column is 50 mm.

19). Why cover block used in Reinforcement

i). To maintain a Unique & specific distance between re bars &

Shuttering.
ii). To protect steel reinforcement from corrosion.

iii). To provide thermal insulation for contract & Expand.

20). Always use minimum 12 mm diameter of steel bars at the bottom

of plinth beam.

21 ). Always use minimum 10 mm diameter of steel bars at the Top of

plinth beam.

22). Minimum Size of R.C.C Column is 9’’ x 9’’ or 230 mm x 230 mm

with minimum 4 bars of 12 mm steel of grade Fe 500.

23). Minimum Concrete grade in column is M20.

24). Always use 8 mm stirrups at spacing of 150 mm center to center

throughout the Column length.

25). Deflection Means

Temporary displacement.

26). Why we use only Steel as a Reinforcement

Because of coefficient of thermal expansion.

27). Density of Steel is 7850 Kg/cum.

28). Why deformation are Provided in Steel Bar

i). To prevent Slipping of Bars from concrete.

ii). To increase bond strength between steel & Concrete.

29).Lungs height of steel bars?

It should not be greater than 0.004 to 0.005 times diameter of bars.

For example:-

diameter of bar is 10 mm

Lugs height = 0.04 x 10 = 0.4 mm.

For 32 mm diameter bar

Lugs height = 0.04 x 32 = 1.28 mm.

30). Angle of steel bars should not be greater than 45 degree.

31). Fe means yield strength of bars is 500 N/Square mm.

32). Lap Length

The length of steel used for transfer the load steel to steel and used for
bonding of two steel.

33). Development Length

The length of steel which we required for transfer the load of one
member to another that is called Development length (Ld).

34).Development length ( L d) depends upon.

i). Grades of steel Fe 415, 500, 500 d, 600

ii). Depends on grades of concrete.

35). The distance between two lapping in different bars should not be
less than 1.3 meter or 1300 mm from center of lapping or not less than
13 times.

36). In case of higher or lesser diameter of bars always consider less

diameter bar for lapping length.

37). Always tilt bar when lapping of two bars.

38). The limit of tilting of bar is 75 mm or 6 d.

39). Minimum diameter used for dowels bars should be 12 mm.

40). Why we provide Steel in Concrete?

The tensile strength and strain capacities of concrete is very brittle ;

hence, We used Reinforcement to balance this deficiency.

41). Binding Wire?

The binding wire is use to tie the steel bars at every intersection with
two strands (wire) of annealed steel wire having diameter of 0.9 to 1.6
mm thickness.

42). Reinforcement Steel Bars.

Steel Reinforcement is commonly known as ‘Rebars’. And we provide

the steel bars in concrete for R.C.C structure Tensile strength.

43). Important IS Code

IS: 1786 – Reinforcement Steel – HYSD Re bars -(Physical & Chemical

Properties)

IS: 2502 – BBS – Code for bending and fixing of bar reinforcement.
44). Percentage of steel in structural members

i). Slab – 1 % of the total volume of concrete.

ii). Beam – 2 % of the total volume of concrete.

iii). Column – 2.5 % of the total volume of concrete.

iv). Footings – 0.8 % of the total volume of concrete.

45). Thumb Rule for steel quantity required for slab, Beams, Footings
& Columns

Steel required in Residential buildings = 4.5 Kg – 4.75 Kg / Sq.Ft.

Steel required for Commercial building = 5.0 kg – 5.50 Kg/Sq. ft.

46). As per Area Maximum Reinforcement.

Beam & Slab = 4 % of Gross Area.

Column = 6 % of Gross Area.

47). Strength of Reinforcement should not be less than 15 % of its

designated strength.

48).Carbon Percentage in Steel.

0.23 %.
49). Placing 1st Stirrup

The 1st stirrup of beam must be placed within 2″ from the support.

50). No. of Stirrups

= (Clear span/ c /c Spacing) + 1.

51). Minimum “L” for column main rod in footing is 300 mm.

52). All Reinforcement used should be free from mill scales, loose rust
& coats of paints, oil or any other substances.

53). For Cantilever main steel anchorage length is 69 D.

54). As per IS 456: 2000

Maximum diameter of Steel bar used in the slab should not be

exceed 1/8th of the total Slab thickness.

55). Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (H Y S D) or 10

mm (Plain bars).
56). Distribution bars Should not be less than 8 mm and not more than
1/8 of slab thickness.

57). Lap length for M 20 concrete ?

Columns – 45 d.

Beams – 60 d.

Slabs – 60 d.

58). Lapping Bars Should be Provided at the end of the support.

59). Lapping should be closely spaced at lapping zone.

60). Lapping should be done in middle 3rd position of the beam.

61). Never provide lapping in the center of beam & Column.

62). Lapping of bars should be alternate in beam.

63). Lapping length should not be less than 75 mm. as per IS Code 456 –
2000.
64). Maximum Lap in a Zone.

More than 50% of bars shouldn’t be lapped in one zone.

Don’t use more than 50% lapping zone in any R.C.C structure.

65). Lap in Tension.

No lapping should be placed in tension zone.

66). Lap in compression zone.

Steel should be lapping for compression zone with 50 d where ( d ) is

diameter of steel bar.

67). Lapping or Lap slices of bars not allowed having diameters more
than 36 mm.

68). Bent Up bar.

Always Provide bent up bar near at support of slab and beam.

69). To handle the shear force and to keep longitudinal bars in position
Stirrups in Beams and Ties in Column are provided.
70). Length of Hook should not be less than 9 D (Diameter of Bar) for
one side.

71). Hook’s Angle of Stirrup.

Hook angle of stirrup’s is 135°.

72). Bend for Vertical Bar of Column.

Always remember that vertical column bars are known as longitudinal

bars and the longitudinal bars should be bent at 90 degree & length
should not be less than 18’’ or 1.5 feet.

73). Cantilever Beam has One fixed support and the other end is free.

74). Simply supported beam has a minimum of two supports which is

fixed support.

75). Slabs.

i). One Way Slab = L y / L x > 2

Spanning in one direction only.

ii). Two Way Slab = L y / L x < 2

Spanning in both direction.