Classical music era (1750 - 1820)

describes orchestral music, chamber music, choral music, and solo performance pieces,
“classical music” did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize
the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Ludwig van Beethoven as a golden age.
The term “Classical music” coined in 1829
sudden gradual change of expression (from joy to depression)\
have various rhythmic patterns/defined and regular
homophonic
begin with a melody and simple accompaniment
changes to a more complex polyphonic texture
2 phases the same length
melody is balanced and symmetrical/formal and simple
2nd phase is easily to sing ends decisively
complex harmony/multiple melodies at the same time
dynamics is crescendo and decresendo
Composers
Franz Joseph Haydn(1732-1809
) - Austrian
- 8 yrs old performed in choir in St. Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna Austria — learned to play violin
and keyboard
- Viennese School
- influenced Mozart and Beethoven
- 1780 famous
- 77 yrs old died
- “FIRST GREAT SYMPHONIST”
Haydn’s Famous work:
82-87 called his Paris Symphonies
93-104 called London Symphonies
The Creation (1798)
The Seasons (1801)
The heavens are telling
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
different instruments
6 - began performing
1761- keyboard performer
1762 - court of Prince Maximilian III of Bavaria in Munich, and at the imperial court of Vienna with
his sister
1763- 1768 - La Finta Semplica (first opera)
1770 - Mitridate re di Ponto
1778 - ballet music/symphony in Paris
1791- last piano concerto
1878 - Beethoven study with Mozart in Vienna
Famous Artworks:
Ascanio in Alba (1771)
Lucio Silla (1772)
Die Zauberflote (The Magic Flute)
Symphony Number 41
La finta Semplica
Mitridate re di ponto
Ludwid van Beethoven
1770 germany
pianist
combines instruments and vocal forms
age 19 composed a musical memorial for Emperor Joseph II “Cantata on the Death of Emperor
Joseph II > first masterpiece
“MASTERFUL COMPOSER”
Antoine Brentano
July 1812 - Love letter
“To you my immortal beloved”
“remain my true, my only love, my all, as I am yours.’’
1816 -deaf
1827 - died
Beethoven’s Famous Works:
String Quartet “The Great Fugue” op. 133
Missa solemnis in D major, op. 123
Symphony No. 9 in D minor, op. 125 “Coral”
Symphony No. 3 in E flat major, op. 55
Sonata
appeared as an instrumetal piece (16th cnetury)
came from instrumental transcriptions of canzonas (songs) in Italy
came from the word “Suonare” means “to sousnd” Italian
Developed form of the continuous rounded binary form of barouque era
intrumental form
usually 2 or 4 movements/sections played by small group of instruments
3 independent parts
originally a musical piece played on instruments
expressed using one or two instruments
BEETHOVEN MOONLIGHT SONATA
string quartet/orchestra
Sonata-Allegro
3parts : Exposittion, Development, Recapitulation
EXPOSITION - introduction to an essay/ introduces themes in a compostion (usually 2 themes or
ideas) First theme - tonic or main key, Second theme - 5 key steps away
DEVELOPMENT - body of an essay/ Expands the themes introduced/ opportunity to improvise/
concludess back to the original key
RECAPITULATION - settles back to home key / original themes/ restate the major ideas/ comes
with a coda—a small section to bring the work to an end
Concerto
instrumental work for a solo instrument like the piano, violin,
3 Movements: Fast - slow- fast
Symphony
extended composition
most important form of sonata
played by an orchestra
“Sinfonia”
4 movements contrastrt:
Fast and Lively
Slow
Fast
Brillant and Fast
RENAISSANCE Period
italian word means “rebirth”
13th - 14th century
Europe - 15th century
Ancient Roman Empire
Art was based on the observation of the physical world and practiced the principles of
mathematics through balance, harmony, and perspective.
Renaissance art - capture individuality, beauty, and mystery of the natural world
Inthe aerly renaissance(1400-1479) - artists emulated classical artists (focused on symmetry and
perfection)
MICHELANGELO di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)
“renaissance men”
began as a sculptor in florence
“GREATEST LIVING ARTIST” IN HIS TIME
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
Statue of Moses
An Angel
statue of David - embodies the city of Florence, symbolizing independence and strength in the
perfect image of youthful beauty.
Madonna of Stairs
Pieta (1497-1500) - jesus in his mothers lap after the pagpapako sa cross (work of great beauty)
The Burial of Jesus
Ceiling of sistine chapel - essential phases in the development of humankind/ dramatic
relationship between god and human
“STANDA MAPETA”
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
diversely talented
Famous artworks:
Monalisa (1503- 1506)- most famous and copied
Vitruvian Mana - male inscribed in a circle and a square
The last supper - Christ tells his Apostles, one of them will betray him;
Raphael (1483-1520)
Divine incorporating Christian doctrines.
his unique draftsmanship and compositional skills.
Artworks :
The school of Athens - genuises sharing knowledge
Sistine Madonna - Mary holding baby Jesus, saints and angels appearing in the background
Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi(1386-1466)
Greatest sculptor
master stonecutter
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
MARY MAGDALEN (1454- 1455) - semi–toothless, old woman with tangled hair almost to her feet.
The feast of Herod - episode in the Gospels following the Beheading of St. John the Baptist when
Salome presents his head to her parents/ Herod holding a banquet on his birthday for his high
officials and military commanders, and leading men of Galilee.
Balilihan Roman Catholic Church in Baclayon, Bohol - embellish with frescoes and ancient artworks
replicas
Baroque Art
art of Europe from 16th - 1750
Scientific discoveries influenced art
Active trade and colonization portrays places and peoples that were exotic to europeans
Religion - Roman Catholic and its Counter-reformation (movement to combat the spread of
Protestantism) - dramatic art to propagate faith
Political situations influenced art (France and Spain and their kings Luois XV(15) and Philip IV
Baroque artworks
curvilinear and swirling lines to convey the emotions
lifelike and real arts
Chiaroscuro (play of dark and light) - arranged emotions of drama
technique vary according to the religion of the artists
Catholic South (Rome) - religious subjects from the bible or greek mythologies/metaphors
Protestant North (Netherlands) - economic boom and luxurious lifestyle is the suject
ARTISTS:
Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian, 1573-1610)
orphan
assistant to various artists
passionate and hot tempered
His artworks came from the Renaissance style of idealizing the human and religious experience.
his subjects suffer
Realistic naturalism (his style)
Arts:
painting(life-like and dramatic) portraying St. Matthew’s life caused a public outcry - San Luigi dei
Francesi church commissioned Him to paint
His paintings :
depicts figurative figures of real life and natural style
lacks-swirling figures
The play of dark and light (chiaroscuro) on figures added to the show of characters
used theatrical spectacle - The position of subjects draws more viewers to be involved what took
place on the canvas.
arts are symmetrical
used “Tenebrism” — used of contrast of light and dark lights
The texture of the paint is creamy and broad often resulting in thick impasto—painting technique.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)
son of a rich and prominent Flemish legal adviser of Spanish administrators in Belgium
educated in arts, court etiquette, and diplomacy
expose beauty tempered with religious disposition
Artworks
Prometheus Bound
Venus at a Mirror
Characteristics:
lines are swirling, curving, and diagonal, conveying motion and energy.
motifs are Greek myths and history
voluptuous women are his favorite subjects
mastery of tenebrism
composition is asymmetrical
Excludes the calm, noble, and dignified arts.
3.Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez (1599-1660, Spanish-Catholic)
town of Seville -artistic community thrives,
acquainted with Italian masters of the Renaissance.
Artworks:
Pope Innocent X (red robe with white clothes)
(The grim red countenance reflected the stern character of the person who comes from the family
of Borgia in Italy, known as despotic rulers)
"Las Meninas”- maid of honor
(the midget jester was in the foreground while he, the artist, posed in the vanishing background,
juxtaposing the central figure-the Princess Margarita)
brushes with long bristles
rendition of “sitting”
mastery of human expression
His brushstrokes almost penetrate the character of his subjects
subjects are so real and inspiring
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, (1606-1669, Dutch-Protestant)
jewish
individualism and compassion for the masses and poor
translates human nature into canvas in lifelike and theatrical quality
used compassion of Christ and the apostles to propagate divine virtues.
Arts:
brilliant execution of chiaroscuro is quite unorthodox
light comes from no definite source
economic prosperity of Amsterdam
painted the coming of Dutch businessmen escorted by soldiers in a public venue (The Nightwatch).
Light-enveloped the scenario of his subjects
light comes from nowhere (tenebrism) — technique to put emphasis on the character
subjects appear composed, noble, and dignified (Le, The Nightwatch).
light and dark spaces is always kept in balance
Unity is achieved
thick paints in rough texture
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
studied Michelangelo Bounarotti’s arts
prolific noble artist who was authorized by the papacy to do religious art and design.
Structure over st. Peters tomb in St. Peter’s basilica (Rome) - classical music frozen/ commissioned
by Pope Urban VIII
Arts characteristics:
passionate emotions
all-around perspective.
lifelike movement of his subjects
Symmetry and rhythm fixed his subjects pose in theatrical spectacle
Unity was attained like a group of ballet dancers twirling
intertwined the drapery (clothes hung In a fold) to attain classical pose
Mannerism - period between Renaissance and Baroque
Rococo period - later part of Baroque period
Zumba has become a buzzword in the field of fitness.
Classification of dance:
Social Dance - focuses more on the participation and not on the performance (socialixation)
Ballroom Dance - social and partner dance
Festival Dance -
Ceremonial or religious dance
Occupational dance - work and labor
Courtdhip dance
War dance
Interpretative or Creative Dance - movements depict a story
Community dance- dance of people with the same ethnicity (tribal, folk, traditional)
:
Pangalay -
Dance Researcher: Francisca Reyes-Aquino
means “FINGERNAIL”
Place of Origin: Sulu (syaw ng mga TAUSUG) (Its a social dance/wedding dance)
Malysian Dance “Daling-daling or Mengalal”
uses Janggay/metal claws
dancer uses Joloano cosyume/use janggay/long metal fingernails
(rich people have gold/silver janggay)
Danced in barefoot
measure: 1, 2
Ballroom Dances
Cha-cha, Rumba, Mambo (from Cuba)
1940s and 50s
exxagerated movements of hips (Rumba)
slow variation of Rumba (mambo)
Combination of slow and fast (Cha-Cha) — has triple beat\
lively and fi;tratious
Pattern : 4/4 time signature
Postions: Basic and double hold
Basic Dance Step Pattern
For Boys: Forward Left foot, Backward Right foot, and cha-cha-cha
For Girls: Backward Right foot, Forward Left foot, and cha-cha-cha
social dancing dates back to primitive cultures
Survey from Dangerous drug board shows most abused drugs in Ph are:
Methamphetamine (poor man’s cocaine or Shabu) / cheaper
chalk, and meth. crystal, glass, ice, or speed.
Marijuana - Cannabis sativa