FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI

SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(S.I.W.E.S)
UNDERTAKEN AT
PHYSICS DEPARTMEMT
FROM 10,11 AND 26 JANUARY 2023

PREPARED BY
Q NDUKAKU.C.SAMUEL
REG. NO. 20191152435
MENTORED BY DR
O.K ECHENDU

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) DEGREE IN INDUSTRIAL PHYSICS
 DEDICATION

EVER GRATEFUL TO THE ALMIGHTY GOD FOR THE PRIVILEGED GRANTED UNTO
ME TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN THIS 2021 /2022
SIWES EDITION.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMNT
My appreciation goes to the organizers of the siwes program, for such a wonderful
opportunity to partake on the practical hand of experience .

I would also love to thank the management of FUTO for exposing me to all the
skills and techniques mastered by the technicians in the system.

Further more, ever grateful to my Head Of Department, in the person of DR K.B

OKEOMA ,our SIWES coordinator Mr O .A OGUNGBENRO and my SIWES
Mentor DR O. K ECHENDU and my Course Adviser Mr JOSEPH and all physics
lecturers in particular,/ technologists and non- academic staffs in physics
department and the Family (Faculty) Of School Of Physical Science FUTO for
immeasurable effort and commitment for the success of my IT .
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION

Meaning of SIWES

Purpose of SIWES

Aims and objectives of SIWES

CHAPTER TWO: Data processing

Manipulation of data by a computer

stages of data processing

IMPORTANCE OF DATA PROCESSING

Benefits of data processing

CHAPTER THREE: EXCEL

Introduction

Common Excel used cases

Excel terminology and components

Most Frequently Used Functions in Excel

CHAPTER FOUR

Steps and results obtained in the graph.

ABSORBANCE
REFLECTANCE (%)

Transmittance (%)

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY

Reference
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION

The student industrial training is the training program which forms part of the
academic standards in the various degree programs for all Nigeria Tertiary
Institutions. It seeks to bridge the gap existing between technology and other
professional education programs in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. SIWES was
established by ITF (Industrial Training Funds) in the year 1973 to solve the
problem of lack of adequate proper skills for employment of tertiary institution
graduates by Nigerian Industries.

MEANING OF SIWES

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is the skills training
program, which form part of the approved minimum academic standard in the
various degree program for all tertiary institution in Nigeria. It is the gap between
practical aspect and theory aspect of either engineering and science technology and
other professional educational programs in Nigerian tertiary institution.

PURPOSE OF SIWES
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), also known as
Industrial Training is a compulsory Skills Training Program designed to expose
and prepare students of Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education,
Colleges of Technology and Colleges of Agriculture, for the industrial work
situation they’re likely to meet after graduation.

The essence of student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is to enable

every student who passed through university or other institution to acquire a
practical knowledge of what he/she has learned. Therefore, it is compulsory for
every student to satisfy the requirement in his/her academic pursuits.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF SIWES

 To provide an avenue for students in the university to acquire industrial skill

and experience in their course of study.
 To prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.
 To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in the university / Institute.
 To provide for students an opportunity to apply their bridging the gap between
Higher Education and actual practice.
 To make transition from the university to the world of work easier and thus
enhance students contact for later job placement after graduation.
 To enlist and strengthen employer’s involvement in the entire educational
process of preparing university graduates for employment in industry.
 CHAPTER TWO

Data processing

manipulation of data by a computer.

It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data

through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation
of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on data can be
included under data processing. In the commercial world, data processing refers to
the processing of data required to run Data processing occurs when data is
collected and translated into usable information

Data processing occurs when data is collected and translated into usable
information. Usually performed by a data scientist or team of data scientists, it is
important for data processing to be done correctly as not to negatively affect the
end product, or data output. performed by a data scientist or team of data scientists,
it is important for data processing to be done correctly as not to negatively affect
the end product, or data output. and businesses.

Data processing is essential for organizations to create better business strategies

and increase their competitive edge. By converting the data into readable formats
like graphs, charts, and documents, employees throughout the organization can
understand and use the data.

Data processing occurs when data is collected and translated into usable
information. Usually performed by a data scientist or team of data scientists, it is
important for data processing to be done correctly as not to negatively affect the
end product, or data output

Six stages of data processing

Data collection: Collecting data is the first step in data processing. …

Data preparation: Once the data is collected, it then enters the data preparation
stage. …

Data input. …

Processing. …

Data output/interpretation. …

Data storage.

IMPORTANCE OF DATA PROCESSING

In this article, we will cover five broad areas that significantly increase data’s
importance. Those five areas are (in no particular order of importance); 1)
decision-making, 2) problem solving, 3) understanding, 4) improving processes,
and 5) understanding customers

benefits of data processing

Better business results.

Increased productivity.

Simplified report-making.
Fast and secure processes.

More structured data storage and access.

Reduced costs.

CHAPTER THREE

EXCEL

Introduction

What is Excel?

Excel is a spreadsheet program from Microsoft and a component of its Office

product group for business applications. Microsoft Excel enables users to format,
organize and calculate data in a spreadsheet.

By organizing data using software like Excel, data analysts and other users can
make information easier to view as data is added or changed. Excel contains a
large number of boxes called cells that are ordered in rows and columns. Data is
placed in these cells.

Excel is a part of the Microsoft Office and Office 365 suites and is compatible with
other applications in the Office suite. The spreadsheet software is available for
Windows, macOS, Android and iOS platforms.

Common Excel used cases

Excel is most commonly used in business settings. For example, it is used in
business analysis, human resource management, operations management and
performance reporting. Excel uses a large collection of cells formatted to organize
and manipulate data and solve mathematical functions. Users can arrange data in
the spreadsheet using graphing tools, pivot tables and formulas. The spreadsheet
application also has a macro programming language called Visual Basic for
Application

Organizations use Microsoft Excel for the following :

Collection and verification of business data;

Business analysis;

Data entry and storage;

Data analysis;

Performance reporting;

Strategic analysis;

Accounting and budgeting;

Administrative and managerial management;

Account management;

Project management; and

Office administration.

Underlining the importance of Microsoft Excel, office administrators use Excel to

enter and store key administrative data.
Business Analysis.

People Management.

Managing Operations.

Performance Reporting.

Office Administration.

Strategic Analysis.

Project Management

Managing Programs

Excel terminology and components

Excel has its own terminology for its components, which new users may not
immediately find understandable. Some of these terms and components include the
following:

Cell: A user enters data into a cell, which is the intersection of a column and row.

Cell reference: This is the set of coordinates where a cell is located. Rows are
horizontal and numbered whereas columns are vertical and assigned a letter.

Active cell: This is the currently selected cell, outlined by a green box.

Workbook: This is an Excel file that contains one or more worksheets.

Worksheet: These are the different documents nested within a Workbook.

Worksheet tab: These are the tabs at the bottom left of the spreadsheet.
Column and row headings: These are the numbered and lettered cells located just
outside of the columns and rows. Selecting a header highlights the entire row or
column.

Formula: Formulas are mathematical equations, cell references or functions that

can be placed inside a cell to produce a value. Formulas must start with an equal
“=” sign.

Formula bar: This is the long input bar that is used to enter values or formulas in
cells. It is located at the top of the worksheet, next to the “fx” label.

Address bar: This bar located to the left of the formula bar shows the number and
letter coordinates of an active cell.

Filter: These are rules a user can employ to select what rows in a worksheet to
display. This option is located on the top right of the home bar under “Sort &
Filter.” An auto filter option can be selected to show rows that match specific
values.

AutoFill: This feature enables users to copy data to more than one cell
automatically. With two or more cells in a series, a user can select both cells and
drag the bottom right corner down to autofill the rest of the cells.

AutoSum: This feature enables users to add multiple values. Users can select the
cells they want to add and press the Alt and Equal keys. There is also a button to
enable this feature on the top right of the home page, above “Fill” and to the left of
“Sort & Filter.”

PivotTable: This data summarization tool sorts and calculates data automatically.
This is located under the insert tab on the far left.
PivotChart: This chart acts as a visual aid to the PivotTable, providing graph
representations of the data. It is located under the middle of the insert page, next to
maps.

Source data: This is the information that is used to create a PivotTable.

Most Frequently Used Functions in Excel

The most frequently used functions in Excel are:

AutoSum;

IF function;

LOOKUP function;

VLOOKUP function;

HLOOKUP function;

MATCH function;

CHOOSE function;

DATE function;

DAYS function;

FIND & FINDB functions;

INDEX function
 CHAPTER FOUR

Steps and results obtained in the graph.

Select data for the charts Select Insert > Recommended charts
Select a chart on the Recommended charts tab, to preview the charts.
Note: You can select the data you want in the chart and press ALT + F1 to create a
chart immediately, but it might not be the best charts for the data. If you don’t see a
chart you like, select the All Charts tab to see all chart types.
Select a graph.
Select Design > Add Graph Element.
Select Trendline and then select the type of trendline you want, such as Linear,
Exponential, Linear Forecast, or Moving Average.
Select the data you want to plot in the graph Click the Insert tab, and then click X
Y Scatter, and under Scatter, pick a graph With the graph selected, click the graph
Design tab to do any of the following: Click Add graph Element to modify details
like the title, labels, and the legend.
Present your data in a scatter graph or a line graph.
Scatter graphs and line graphs look very similar, especially when a scatter graph is
displayed with connecting lines. However, the way each of these graph types plots
data along the horizontal axis (also known as the x-axis) and the vertical axis (also
known as the y-axis) is very different.

ABSORBANCE

Absorbance
3
arb. unit
)
(2.5
Absorbance
2

1.5

0.5

0
500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength (nm)

When I have plotted of graph of square of absorbance against wavelength, I tried to estimate the
wavelength band gap of the sample.

The graph was plotted at the wavelength of 0 to 1000 at the horizontal axis. Then from 0 to 499 had a
scattered line which was being cut off, the major axis is 1000 while the minor axis is 500 and the
wavelength minor axis is 10 while major axis is 100. The vertical axis where we have the absorbance (arb
unit), The major axis is 3 while the minor axis is 0.

During the graph plotting using excel, from 1000 to 950, there was no change in the line. from 850 to
500, there was a rapid change. Between 800 and 900, there was a sharp edge( 850) meaning that there
was a rapid change at the band gap of the line.

REFLECTANCE (%)
 %Reflectance
100
Reflectance
90 (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Wavelength (nm)

The horizontal axis where we have the wavelength having the major axis of 1200 and minor axis of 400,
from 400 to 700, there was no change but from 750 to 900, there was a rapid change. Then from 900 to
1000, it was fluctuating.

For the vertical axis where we have the reflectance (%),the minor axis is 0 while the major axis is 100.

Transmittance (%)

100 %Transmittance
Transmittance (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength(nm)

The horizontal axis where we have the wavelength (nm), the minor axis is 100 while the major axis is
1000. There was no change in line from 400 to 750 but from 750 to 850, there was a rapid change. Then
from 900 to 1000, the line was unstable.

At the vertical axis where we have the reflectance, the minor axis is 0 and the major axis is 100.
THESE ARE THE SAMPLES OF DATA USED IN PLOTTING THE GRAPH.

Using Excel To Plot Three In One Graph

 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

In IT report we were able to discuss about the following:

SIWES

SIWES: This is skill training program which form the part of the approved minimum academic standard
in various degree programs for all terrtiary institutions in Nigeria.

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was founded to be a skill training programme
to help expose and prepare students of universities, Polytechnics and colleges of education for the
industrial work situation to be met after graduation.

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing: This is a process when data is collected and translated in into usable information. This
is done or perform by a data scientist or team of data scientists

Six Stages Of Data Processing namely:

Data input, Data collection ,Data preparation, processing Data , processing Data output and Data
Storage

MICROSOFT EXCEL

Excel is a spreadsheet program from a Microsoft and a component of it office product group of business
applications. Microsoft excel enables users to format, organize and calculate data in a spreadsheet.

Uses of Excel-

Collection and verification of business data

Business Analysis

Data entry and Storage

Data Analysis

Performing Reporting

Office Administrations

Accounting and Budgeting and Project Management.

Excel has it terminologies to it component which includes.

Cell reference, Active cell worksheet tab column and row heading, formula pivot table
, Auto sum and source data.

Steps and results obtained in the graph

Select data for the graph

Select insert for the recommended graph

Present your graph data in scatter or line.

Using excel to Plot a graph

Plotting a 1 in 1 graph of absorbance, reflectance and transmittance

Also plotting a 3 in 1 graph of absorbance, reflectance and transmittance by the use of row data shown
in chapter four.
REFERENCE

https://planningtank.com/computer-applications/importance-of-data-processing

https://en.m.wikipediahttps://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data-processing/#:~:text=Data
%20processing%20occurs%20when%20data,end%20product%2C%20or%20data%20output.org/wiki/
Data_processing

https://www.lifehack.org/407957/5-powerful-excel-functions-that-make-work-easier

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/create-a-chart-from-start-to-finish-0baf399e-dd61-4e18-
8a73-b3fd5d5680c2