Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan

Montemayor St., Malasiqui Pangasinan

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VOTING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH FACIAL RECOGNTION FOR

PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF PANGASINAN

A Capstone Project

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Computer Studies

Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT)

PEREZ DARIUZ MATTHEW C.

DACASIN ANGELICA C.

CAYABYAB ALBERT S.

JACOBA JENNYBIE M.

MACASIEB MARK JONAS P

FRANCIEN EUNICE FELIX

May 2024
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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of Study

In this age of advancing technology, we promote biometrics this time to strengthen

the security of voting and prevent people from fraud using biometrics face recognition is

strong security.

Fraud is always happening in every election previous studies have documented a

positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It is not

clear, however, whether this association is causal or due to unobserved institutional or

cultural factors. This paper examines the relationship between election fraud and post-

election violence in the 2007 Philippine mayoral elections. Using the density test

developed by McCrary (2008), we find evidence that incumbents were able to win tightly

contested elections through fraud. In addition, we show that narrow incumbent victories

were associated with an increase in post-election casualties, which is consistent with the

hypothesis that election fraud causes conflict. We conducted several robustness tests and

found no evidence that incumbent victories increased violence for reasons unrelated to

fraud. (Iza, June 2013)

Facial recognition technology provides an additional layer of security by verifying

a voter's identity through biometric data. This reduces the likelihood of impersonation or

fraudulent voting. The system can streamline the check-in process at polling stations.

With facial recognition, voters can be quickly verified, reducing wait times and
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congestion. The system can provide real-time updates on voter turnout, helping election

officials make informed decisions about resource allocation and managing polling

stations. The use of advanced technology can inspire confidence in the electoral process,

demonstrating a commitment to fairness and accuracy. A well-designed system would

prioritize the protection of voter data, implementing robust security measures to

safeguard against unauthorized access or data breaches. The system can be designed to

handle a large number of users, making it suitable for elections of various scales, from

local to national. Facial recognition technology can help ensure that each voter only casts

one vote, reducing the possibility of double voting.

As a student of Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan, place a high value on the

implementation of a Voting Management System using Face recognition. Our

commitment to this system is deeply rooted in our institution's history, which has seen

challenges emerge from our previous voting methods in recent years, particularly in areas

related to security and efficiency.

Voting methods reveals instances where traditional systems faced vulnerabilities and

limitations. These challenges, which encompassed concerns about the integrity of the

process and the ease of participation, prompted us to seek a strong and technologically

advanced solution. In light of this history, we have made the deliberate and significant

decision to transition to a modern system, one that incorporates Facial Recognition

technology for student elections. This choice underscores our unwavering commitment to
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resolving these longstanding issues and establishing a voting system that is not only

secure and efficient but also more accessible to our campus.

Our journey towards implementing this innovative Voting Management System with

Facial Recognition for Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan is proof of our dedication to

creating and improving the democratic processes within our institution, ensuring

transparency, fairness, and the active engagement of all students. This transformative step

reflects our determination to address historical challenges and pave the way for a more

inclusive and effective voting experience.

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Conceptual framework

Introduction

The implementation and assessment of a Voting Management System with Facial

Recognition to enhance the efficiency and security of elections at Perpetual Help College

of Pangasinan.

A. User Authentication Module:

User registration and profile management, including the authentication of students and

staff members using unique identifiers such as student ID or employee ID.

B. Voter Database:

Storage of voter information, including names, IDs, and other relevant details.

C. .Facial Recognition Module:

Capture and analysis of voters’ facial features.

Facial recognition algorithms to verify the identity of voters.

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D. Voting Module:

Design and implementation of the actual voting process.

Secure and anonymous vote casting.

Verification of eligibility before allowing voting.

E. Candidate Database:

Storage of candidate information, including names, positions, and photos.

Management of candidate profiles

F. Result Compilation and Announcement:

Real-time or batch compilation of voting results.

Secure storage of results.

Announcement of winners.

G. Administrative Dashboard:

Access for administrators to manage the system.

User access control.

Monitoring and reporting tools.

H. Security and Audit Trail:

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Implementation of security measures to prevent fraud or unauthorized access.

Logging of all system activities for auditing.

I. Data Backup and Recovery:

Regular backup of voter and candidate databases.

Disaster recovery mechanisms to ensure data integrity.

J. Feedback and Support:

Mechanisms for voters and administrators to provide feedback or seek support.

K. Mobile or Web Interface:

Development of user-friendly interfaces for voters and administrators.

Variables:

A. Dependent Variable: Voting Accuracy, Facial Recognition technology, User

Satisfaction , security measures, voter turnout, system reliability

B. Independent Variables: Facial Recognition Voting Management System, voter

registration and authentication, security and data protection, usability, and

election integrity.
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Theoretical Framework

Estonia and South Korea have successfully implemented Voting Management Systems

with Facial Recognition in their elections, praised for their accuracy, efficiency, and

security. However, there are key differences between the two systems. Estonia uses a

combination of facial recognition and another biometric identifier, while South Korea

uses a digital ID card and fingerprint scanning. Both Estonia and South Korea have

implemented two-factor authentication systems to authenticate voters, preventing voter

impersonation and ensuring only one ballot is cast. These systems are highly accurate and

efficient, with facial recognition error rates of less than 0.01% in Estonia and less than

0.001% in South Korea, and can process large voter lists quickly and efficiently.

Estonia’s VMSFR is mandatory for all eligible voters, while South Korea’s is optional.

Estonia requires all voters to use the VMSFR, while South Korea offers the choice

between VMSFR and traditional paper-based ballots. Estonia’s VMSFR is integrated

with its digital ID system, allowing voters to use their digital ID card for authentication at
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the polling station. South Korea’s VMSFR is not integrated with its national ID system,

requiring voters to provide fingerprint and facial scans for authentication. VMSFR

(Voting Management Systems with Facial Recognition) has the potential to enhance

election security, accuracy, efficiency, transparency, and fairness. However, it’s crucial to

tailor the system to each country’s specific needs, such as countries with high illiteracy

rates or a history of electoral fraud. Additionally, countries must protect voter data and

ensure fair and transparent use of VMSFR systems. Thus, a country-specific approach is

needed to optimize its benefits while addressing unique issues and privacy concerns.

Paradigm of the study

Input Process Output

Demographic profile:
Age: 18 to 30 years old
Gender: Male and Female
Level of implementation:
a).Planning and Requirements
Gathering
b).System Design
c).Development and Software
Implementation
d).Deployment
e).Security and Privacy
Compliance
f).Data Management and
Reporting
We collected data through
preliminary survey to gather
required data. The primary
objective of this survey was
to lay the basis for our study
by collecting valuable
insights from a representative
sample of participants.
Based on the survey
conducted, we gathered
valuable insights from a
diverse group of
respondents. The
respondents were
comprised of 9 males and 6
females, all within the age
range of 18 to 23 years old
at Perpetual Help College
of Pangasinan, who took
part in our survey. The
result of our survey is the
10 respondents agreed
while 5 respondents
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Statement of the Problem

To improve the effectiveness, security, and openness of these elections, a voting

management system incorporating facial recognition must be developed and

implemented. Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan will be able to overcome school-

specific challenges and design a more sophisticated voting system while maintaining the

highest standards of dependability and accuracy by utilizing this technology.

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1. How can we ensure the authenticity of votes and voters in an online voting

platform, and what mechanisms, such as facial recognition and one-time

passwords, should be employed to achieve this?

2. What methods should be used to assess the accuracy and reliability of

facial recognition technology in verifying the identity of voters and

preventing fraudulent voting in a controlled election environment?

3. How can voting become more accessible for students, allowing them to

cast their votes from various locations, including computer labs,

classrooms, or their own devices, while still maintaining secure

authentication through facial recognition?

4. What steps should be taken to create an intuitive and user-friendly

interface for voters to cast their votes electronically in the online voting

platform?

5. How can potential privacy and security concerns associated with the use

of facial recognition in the voting system be addressed, and what

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safeguards should be implemented to protect voter data and ensure

compliance with relevant regulations?

6. How can we implement a secure online voting platform that ensures the

authenticity of both votes and voters through facial recognition and one-

time password mechanisms?

7. What testing and validation methods should be employed to evaluate the

accuracy and reliability of facial recognition technology in verifying voter

identities and preventing fraudulent voting in a controlled election

environment?

8. What technologies and protocols are needed to enable students to cast

their votes from diverse locations, such as computer labs, classrooms, or

personal devices, while maintaining the security of authentication through

facial recognition?

9. How can we design a user-friendly interface for electronic voting to

ensure that voters find the process intuitive and accessible?

10. What legal and ethical considerations should be taken into account when

implementing facial recognition in an online voting system, and how can

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we address potential concerns related to privacy and security to build trust

in the system?

HYPOTHESIS

Is there a significant difference in voting participation rates between a school’s

traditional voting system and an online system with facial recognition?

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Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in voting

participation rates between the Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan traditional voting

system and an online system with facial recognition.

Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in voting participation

rates between a Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan traditional voting system and an

online system with facial recognition.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on facial recognition in Computers and Mobile phones. The

system uses Facial recognition that is able to log in to the user in their respective user

profile. The system has Facial recognition that serves as a login Process.
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Facial recognition is a tech that recognizes people by their faces. To verify

someone's identity, it looks at distinctive features like the distance between the eyes and

the shape of the nose. It is composed of a Face detector and Face verification. A voting

management system verifies your identification during the voting process. Elections are

made more secure and reliable by ensuring that only eligible voters can cast ballots.

Additionally, it facilitates a more efficient and timelier vote count. Once a student’s

voter's face is recognized, they can log in into Voting page. Voters can choose a selected

candidate for the election. The software allows the admin personnel or the person-in-

charge to add and edit the voters accounts. In order to update the Pangasinan Perpetual

Help College's student elections. This strategy would enable students to securely register

using facial biometrics and prove their identification when voting. Overall, it provides a

safer and more efficient election process, boosting the institution's democratic traditions.

This study is limited only for Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan, Authorized

personnel only can access to update the profile of candidates and students. This system

can only be used local server and the admin can edit the profile of the candidate

Significance of the Study

The study of Voting Management System in PHCP Campus wherein users can

benefit with the automation of the login process and face recognition as well as to avoid
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those who repeat their vote during the election. Such as, when they change their personal

accounts to vote, the system will not accept their vote.

The findings of this study benefit all users who are using Phone and Computer to

access a system for voting. This will possibly impact a large portion of the users in

PHCP. In addition, the benefits of this study are to secure the users Security and prevent a

Double Voting Situation. Considering that all users is trying to switch a multiple account

to vote. The results of this study where voter is secure a vote, a Security and preventing a

Double Voting Situation.

Students and Young Voters: This research makes voting more accessible

and secure for young people, allowing them to engage in the democratic process more

easily.

Teachers and educators: The study presents an actual illustration of how

technology may be utilized to improve the voting system, providing a wonderful teaching

tool for educators to explain the connection of technology and freedom to their students.

School administrators should use their awareness of how facial recognition can

streamline the voting process to make student council elections and other school-related

voting activities more efficient and reliable.

Voters: The study provides a more secure and easy voting experience for

voters, safeguarding them from fraud and long lines and making it easier for them to

participate in elections and have their voices heard.

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.
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Definition of terms

A voting management system using facial recognition is an inventive and efficient

technique to carry out elections and voting procedures inside of a school. This approach,

which combines technology and security measures, ensures the validity and precision of

the voting process. Facial recognition technology allows students and workers to vote

anonymously while also preventing fraud and ensuring that each voter only casts one

ballot. This innovative approach increases transparency and necessitates less physical

effort while fostering a democratic atmosphere in the school community.

Candidate - A person who would like to run in a specific position for the Electing

Students Council like President, vice president, secretary, or another position.

Election Results - is the outcome of an election process that shows votes were cast and

which candidates received the most support.

Facial Recognition - facial recognition is technology to match a face and security

for accessing our webpage.

Majority Vote – A Majority Vote is voted that candidate received more than 50

percent of the total votes that voters cast their ballot.

Online Voting Platform - Online Voting Platform is a user homepage that voters

see when they log in and cast their votes.

Registration - Registration is a process to enroll or sign up a voter to participate

in voting.
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Voter Authentication- is a method to verify an individual voter before casting

their ballot.

Voting Management System – A voting management system is a system to handles

everything that happens in the voting process and it can change a title category.

Voter Turnout - voter turnout is a percentage of every eligible voter who

participates in voting or the election process.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This review of the literature will give the reviewer a better understanding of the

numerous technologies that can be used to create a voting management system with

sophisticated features such as facial recognition, hence increasing individuals'

participation in democratic governance.

Facial recognition is used as a key authentication mechanism in the proposed

Voting Management System. This solution, which was created by the creator, uses

smartphone technology and a web-based monitoring system to manage election-related

challenges.

Foreign studies

According to Global Election System (2012), the election in Vancouver, Canada

uses an automated voting system called Accu-vote, which is deemed more advanced and

reliable than their prior system of manual counting and tabulation of votes. Accu-vote

reads the ballot as it is inserted into the ballot box, records the information, and prints

totals of all votes cast once voting has ended.

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According to Abdooz (2013). Mobile technology has become a vital part of our

daily lives in today's fast-paced society. Mobile devices are more than just a means of

communication; they are also useful instruments for a variety of jobs. They give you

access

to up-to-date information, make personal and business transactions easier, and

have a variety of features. Mobile devices may now be used to navigate, scan barcodes,

play games, browse the web, get weather updates, and even vote in elections. Among the

various features, phone calls, video calls, and a Short Messaging System (SMS) are the

most important. These communication tools are crucial in staying connected with others

and sharing information. The mobile phone market has witnessed the introduction of

numerous models, each with its unique advantages.

According to the authors K.C. Arun, Shahbaz Ahmad, Saba Noor, Iqra Mumtaz,

and Mubashir Ali stated the "Arduino Based Secure Electronic Voting System with IoT"

harnesses the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance the voting process. IoT,

with its network of interconnected physical devices, is simplifying various aspects of

daily life, and it's now improving elections. This system addresses both functional and

non-functional requirements in its design, enhancing precision, reliability, and efficiency

in the voting process while reducing the time required to declare election results. There

are two primary types of online voting systems: one deployed at polling stations,

officially supervised by electoral authorities, and the other, a remote online voting system
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connected to the internet, allowing voters to cast their ballots from any location. The

latter can significantly increase voter turnout, especially for those living far from polling

stations. This IoT-based system is user-friendly, easy to maintain, and capable of

handling various modules across multiple centers, making it scalable for larger elections.

Its performance depends on user interface, usability, and robust security measures,

ensuring the system's

advanced and secure operation. (K. C. Arun, S. Ahmad, S. Noor, I. Mumtaz and

M. Ali, 2022)

Local Studies

According to the 2013 study Swipe-Voting System of LA Salle Lipa by Buenviaje

et al., the main focus of the study was on building a swipe voting system at their

institution to replace the manual system. To enable voting, this system made use of a

swipe machine. The objectives of the study are similar to those of the current research in

that both aim to

establish an automated voting system to prevent duplicate votes and encourage

active student engagement in the election.

According to Smith and colleagues (2021) project titled "Enhancing Voter

Engagement through Digital Balloting" attempted to increase voter involvement by

implementing a digital balloting method. The project included the creation of an internet

infrastructure for distant voting, making it easier for voters to participate in elections.
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This corresponds with the present research objectives, as both projects focus on

harnessing technology to improve voter participation and voting process efficiency.

According to Shiexys Voting System report from August 2010, The Student

Council elections are a crucial activity in schools, requiring students to choose from a set

of candidates to represent each position. The process involves visiting the Administration

Office, selecting candidates, submitting a ballot form, and marking the vote with an

indelible ink. The introduction of computers has significantly improved the speed and

efficiency of the voting process, allowing results to be obtained even after the

elections. This has reduced the time required for voting compared to manual methods.

Additionally, multimedia enhancements have enhanced the voting experience. The

manual voting system at San Juan National High School lacks the advantages of a

Graphical User Interface, which the Windows OS could offer.