2013

Tuesday, 21 June 2022 8:38 AM

1. What do you understand by ‘values’ and ‘ethics’? In what way is it important to be ethical along with being professionally
competent? (10 marks | 150 words)

Values: individual important and what one values ex: honesty

Ethics: society standard

Professionally competetnt (aptitude):

• Journalism: ethical+ competent for standing for courage to break story
• SP- Team lead in riot situation, Ethical communal rights+EI
• DM slum falling(enroachment); Delhi MCD issue
• Political: minister professionally compotent to lead+ ethical (shastri)
If not ethical but competent
• Osama bin laden
• Tax evasion
• Drugs abuse by sportsperson
• Historical: Hitler, hiroshima bombing
• Environmental: volkswagon engine contoversy
If not competent but ethical
• Useless, inefiicient
• Honest but not worthy
• Quote: integrity without kowledge is uselss......
Conclusion: ethics+values+ competency is required in public servce and administration for good governance.

2. What do you understand by the following terms in the context of public service? (5 terms x 3 marks each=15 marks |250
words)
1. Integrity: definition: + diaagram (3 circle wala): examples: APJ ABdul kalam: during presidency not taken personal gifts,
gandhi ji chauri chaura, frontline workers during pandemic, Nelson mandela, lincoln, sunder lal bahuguna, U.Sugayam assets
made public. Socrates: hemlock
2. Perseverance: consistency to do things. Ex: historical: mandela, MLK, aung saN suu kyi, FREEDOM STRUGGLE(GANDJHIJI
ROLE) , international: nadia muraad(noble for her efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.),
Political: anna hazare lokpal , Economic: LPG reforms, Social: Seed mother( Rahibai), kailash satyarthi , Current: frontline
workers,
3. Spirit of service: Guruprasad mohapatra : fight against covid despite his own illness( padma shri), Vivekanand: shiva,jiva,
Rabindranath tagore: service is joy, Albert Einstein: a life lived for others is life lived worthwhile. Vinoba bhave bhoodan
movement: sarvodaya, oxygen langar, vaccine maitri and vaccination drive(every village), Manohar parikar, community
policing of bastar, IAS Somvanshi: AC htwa diya maternity ward me lgwa diuya, Nehru called him pratham sevak, Sonu sood
4. Commitment: Mohapatra, bhagat singh, SBM ODF free, Prasanth nair: operation sulaimani: to adress hunger in urban areas.
Indian army during kargil, Armstrong Pame, Kailash satyarthi, viewan villafge in kashmir first to get fully vaccinated, worlds
largest beach clean upporject(afroz shah)I mumbai, Philosphucal angle: rousseau: french revolution

Quote: motivation is what gets you started, commitment is what keeps you going.

1. Courage of conviction: Histotical l: battle of saragarhi, battle of kondana: Tanaji malusare, Sam Manekshaw during
bangladesh libertion war, antonio gramsci, Social: Anna hazare, Jp Narayan, BR ambedkar, malala against taliban regime,
Political: pokhran test 1998, philosophical: buddha, modiji khud vaccine lgwake aaye covaxin against vaccine hesstancy ,
Environment: wangari mathai, economy: lpg reforms , IR: India stand on buying oil from russia amid ukraine war
1.
1. [B] Indicate two more attributes which you consider important for public service. Justify your answer. (10 marks |100 words)
Spirit of service: justify: quote: better serve, comapssion, loose ourlef, quote: gandhiji : best way to find yourself
Adherence to values: quote: winds o blow , refuse to sway away.
Optimstic outlook: Victor Frankl: you can take everything away from the man but the very last of human freedom: to choose
one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances, To choose ones way.

Quote
; hope is a good thing , may be the best of things and no good things ever dies.

2. Some people feel that values keep changing with time and situation, while others strongly believe that there are
certain universal and eternal human values. Give your perception in this regard with due justification. (10 marks | 150
words)
Answer : Keywords : Moral Absolutism (Quote Kants Moral Rational) Moral Relativism
Definition of Value – Quote : Change is the only constant, Values (Absolute) : Truth, Honesty, Loyalty, Love, Compassion
○ Moral Relativism (Time) : Historical : Sati, Widow Marriage, Child Marriage – International : Slave Trade, Apartheid – Political :
Monarchy vs Democracy, Defection from Party – Philosophical : Aristotle, there is no absolute moral standards – Social : Live
in Relationships, Inter Caste and Inter religious marriages – Economy : Profit as the ethics of Business, Tata Example of Ethics
while others cut salaries – Environment : Hunting as an activity vs Hunting banned now, GHG, Refrigerant and Development
vs Env
○ Moral Relativism (Situation) : Historical : Yudhishtir during Mahabharat War – International : Rohingya Refugees, Indias stand
on Myanmar Polity, Ukraine Crisis and Indias stand on it changing, Controlling Media is ethical in China but unethical in US,
Nuclear bombs as destruction vs deterrant – Personal : Lying to save someone from misery, Abhinandan in Pakistan lied to
protect national security – Social : Transgender status in society change after law enactment – Economy : Disinvestment is
now seen as a good practice – Environment : Plastic replaced by paper to save trees but now Paper is again in use
○ Moral Absolutism : Historical : Nazi Concentration Camp, Hiroshima Bombing – International : Peace and No war (Japan gave
up War)-- Personal : No Stealing (Jain and Buddhsim : "If there is any sin in this world, its stealing and every other sin is a
variant of it" -- Social : Social Harmony and Magnanimity – Economy : Inclusiveness and Sarvodaya (Trusteeship) --
Environment : Love for Nature
Conclusion :
3. What is ‘emotional intelligence’ and how can it be developed in people? How does it help an individual in taking
ethical decisions? (10 marks | 150 words)
Definition: + diagram (5 EI elements)+ ex: buddha angulimal , gandhiji channelised anger towards british,
Quote: nobody can hurt me without my permission.(Gandhiji)
SWAMI VIVEKANAND: MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS
Laxmi agarwal acid attack survivor working for raising awareness
IAS saurabh kumar chhatissgarh dantewada: lunch with collector.
IAS aSTIK KUMAR PANDEY: CITIZENS MOVEMENT FOR CLEANING RIVER MORNA.

TO DEVELOP
○ Self awareness: strength weakness(Neeraj chopra: improved during covid), mediTation, QUOTE: VIVEKANAND: knowing
yourself is the beginning of all the wisdom., be prepared for the worst
○ Self regulation: avoid hedonistic tendencies, avoid temptation, stoicism, adherence to code of conduct, know your weak
areas, develop positive outlook.
○ Motivation: if you know " why" of a thing then you can find out "how"(NIETZSCHE) , reflective technique: reason wjhy you
started, source of inspiration(ex: gandhiji inspired by John ruskin's unto the last)
○ Empathy: field visits by officers(hota committee), Live minimalistic lifestyle, leaders se inspiration, workshop showing
videos(documentary), quote: rudyard kipling: public servants must have common touch. Empathy is about finding echoes of
another person in yourself(Mohsin Hamid)
○ Social skills: develop interpersonal skills, cultural empathy, seminars, avoid communication gap, cultural sensitivity.
Conclusion : Goleman (1998) said that EQ contributes to 80 percent success achieved by Human being.

4. [A] What do you understand by the term ‘voice of conscience’? How do you prepare yourself to heed to the voice of
conscience? (10 marks| 150 words)
Answer : "There is a higher court than a court of law and that is the court of conscience" (Gandhiji)
"I think and therefore I am" Rene Descarte
Dimensions : Individual (Ashoka after Kalinga War), Social (Black Lives Matter), National (India against Corruption) , Regional
(WFP working in South Asia), International (MeToo Movement)
Inner Voice which acts as guiding light (Ex : Historical : Gandhiji calling off NCM after Chauri Chaura, Ashoka after Kalinga
War – International : Cuban Missile Crisis when Cuban General vasily Arkhipov declined the permission and stopped Nuclear
war -- Philosophical : Buddha – Social : Untouchability movement – Economy : Antodaya campaign, Darwaza Band
Campaign – Environment : )
How to prepare : Self Awareness, Clarity of Thoughts, Knowing Your Values, Self-Introspection, Reflexivity, Sprituality, Positive
Attitude
Conclusion : Remembering Gandhiji Talisman, Nishkama Karma, Kants Categorical Imperative
5. [B] What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’? Narrate one incident in your life when you were faced with such a crisis
and how you resolved the same. (10 marks| 150 words)
Answer : Two Kinds : Two Conflicting Values OR One has committed something against one's conscience (Ex : Arjuna had a
crisis of conscience just before Mahabharata War) Examples : Whistle Blower goes through a crisis of Loyalty vs Integrity,
People not able to get PDS due to tech glitch in Adhar (Crisis for officials), Whether to help Rohingya Refugees or to send
them back, Crisis of Conscience for Soldier whether to hold position or give treatment to injured, Journalist conducting Sting
Operation
Resolving : Mental Fortitude, Courage, EI use, Self Awareness,
Conclusion : Gandhi Talisman, Kants CI
6. Given below are three quotations of great moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these quotations, bring out what
it means to you in the present context: (each quote for 10 marks and 150 words=total 30 marks)
[A.]“There is enough on this earth for every one’s need but for no one’s greed.” Mahatma Gandhi.
Answer : Gandhiji is talking about Materialism, Consumerism, Exploitation of Nature
Bhagvat Geeta : Krishna says "Greed is one of the doorways to hell"
Relevance : Historical Dimension : EIC policies lead to Famines – International : Vaccine Nationalism or Vaccine Darwinism and
Hoarding, Food Wastage in affluent nations, South China Sea Policy of China – Personal : Harshad Mehta Scam -- Social :
Hoarding of products during COVID -- Economy : Crony Capitalism, Business without Morality (Nirav Modi, Vijay Malya) --
Environment : Sustainable Development, CBDR, Net Zero Targets – Philosophical : Move from Ethical Egoism to Altruism,
Seneca (For Greed, All nature is too little)
Conclusion : Sabka Sath Sabka Vikas and Sabka Vishwas, Gandhiji Sarvodya and Antodaya
[B]“Nearly all men can withstand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.”—Abraham
Lincoln.
Answer : Talking about absolute power and how it can runs a chance of ruining outcomes, Power as a test of one's character.
Character change after Power :
Ex : Ethiopia War, The president got Nobel Peace Prize and then the leader started war in Tigray region, Aung San Su Ki in
Rohingya Crisis, Celebrities advertising Pan Masala using their power but showing bad character, Ronaldo not endorsing
Coke bottle, Power abuse in Data by Big Tech
Character developed through adversity :
Opposite Example : Nelson Mandela who even after getting power forgave the oppressors, Established Truth and
Reconciliation council
[C]“I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who overcomes his enemies.”—Aristotle.
Answer : Talks about Desire and they produce temptation and hope, take us to Hedonistic pleasures.
Buddha said as Desire is a root cause of suffering
Dimension : Not Overcoming Desire leads to: Sex Trafficking, Pornography, Exploitation of Nature, Crime Against Women,
Materialism, Consumerism
Importance of Overcoming Own Desires : Self Control, EI, Clear Conscience, Minimalism, Sustainability, Spiritual Strength,
Compassion for weaker section, Moral Conditioning, Social Capital formation
Overcoming Desire vs Overcoming Enemies : Internal vs External, Self regulation difficult than dealing with surroundings,
How to overcome Desires : Ashtangika Marg
Conclusion : Buddha "It is better to win yourself than to win thousand others"
7. “The good of an individual is contained in the good of all.” What do you understand by this statement? How can this
principle be implemented in public life? (10 marks| 150 words)
Answer :
Connect with Gandhiji Sarvodaya, Trusteeship
Dimensions : Historica : Vinoba Bhave Bhoodan movement – International : Nobody is safe until everybody is safe – Personal :
Gandhiji work for Harijan – Social : Poverty and Injustice leads to crimes -- Environment : One Health Concept, Climate
Change, CBDR, Paris Treaty – Economy : Inclusive Development Sarvodaya
Conclusion : Vasudheva Kutumbakam
How to Implement in Public Life : Public Interest over Self Interest, Utilitarianism Concept, Taxation, Inclusive Development in
all spheres (PMGKAY, PMJAY, Jan Dhan), Ensuring Distributive and Remedial Justice, Reducing Corruption, Social
Entrepreneurship (Social Stock Exchange)
8. It is often said that ‘politics’ and ‘ethics’ do not go together. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer
with illustrations. (10 marks| 150 words)
Answer : Definitions of Ethics and Politics, Venn Diagram(Caste and Religion based Voting, Social Welfare, Anonymous
Charity)
Not Going Together : Voting on basis of Caste (Caste affect in Politics), Money and Muscle Power, Criminalisation of Politics,
Booth Capturing, Questionable role of Speaker and Governor, Horse Trading (Karnataka)
Politics and Ethics Together : Gandhiji idea of Ethical Politics (Asking Congress men to hold offices losely), Kautaliya idea of
Welfare of People (Yatha Raja Tatha Praja, Yoga Kshema)
Going Together Examples : MGNERGA, Article 38a, Ethical Aspects of Constituion : FR, DPSP, FD, Positive Discrimination
Conclusion : Need to go together