Types of

embryonic
development

Oviparous
Oviparous animals are those that
reproduce by laying eggs, and these eggs
typically develop and hatch outside the
body of the parent. Here are some
examples of oviparous animals along with
their characteristics: Fish, Reptiles,
Birds, Amphibians

Characteristics of Oviparous
Reproduction:
 External Fertilization: Oviparous
reproduction often involves external
fertilization, where the eggs are
fertilized outside the body of the
parent.
 Egg Development: The embryo develops
inside the egg, which provides
 protection and nutrients for the
developing offspring.
 Parental Care: The level of parental
care varies among oviparous species.
Some provide extensive care, such as
birds incubating their eggs, while
others provide minimal care or none at
all.
 Egg Types: Eggs can have different
types of coverings, such as hard shells
(birds), leathery shells (many reptiles),
or no shell (some amphibians)
Viviparous
Viviparity is a reproductive mode in which
the embryo develops inside the mother's
body, receiving nutrients directly from the
mother through a placenta. Here are some
examples of viviparous animals:

1.Dogs: Dogs are a common example of

viviparous animals. They give birth to live
young, and the size of each litter depends
heavily on the breed of dog and on the
individual mother. Dog litters can range in
size from just one puppy all the way up to
twelve, but the average across all dog
breeds is five to six puppies per litter.

2.Cats: Like dogs, cats are also viviparous

animals. Most cat mothers give birth to
litters of about four kittens, which will be
totally dependent on their mother for the
first three weeks of their life.

3.Horses: Horses usually give birth to a

single foal, with twins being extremely
rare and often dangerous for both the
mother and the foals. A female horse may
raise as many as sixteen foals during her
lifetime.

4.Snakes: Many snakes actually give birth

to live young. The young are born fully
formed and ready to survive on their own.

Viviparous animals have some common

characteristics such as the development
of the embryo inside the mother's body,
the presence of a placenta, and the direct
transfer of nutrients from the mother to
the embryo.
Ovoviviparou
s

Its reproductive mechanism involves

internal fertilization and subsequent
retention of the egg in a specialized duct
within its reproductive tract. This is
equivalent to saying that, instead of laying
their eggs and then hatching them, as
birds do, these animals hatch them inside
their body and release them when the
baby is about to hatch.
 This process is very similar in appearance
to that of the viviparous, which give birth
to the young alive and formed, but unlike
them, the ovoviviparous do not form a
placenta, since the nutrition of the young
generally depends on the contents of the
egg. That is, there is no placenta and
umbilical cord that connects the mother
to the offspring.
The eggs of ovoviviparous animals are
much larger and have a thinner shell than
those of oviparous animals, which in some
species allows the egg to crack when
expelled from the mother's body and the
offspring to emerge free into the
environment.
Animals that are ovoviviparous: Stingray,
Platypus, Echidnas, Glass shingles,
Suriname toad, White shark, Mielga,
Trioceros