Music on How It Affects the Brain, Productivity, and Attitude

of Selected Teenagers in Malabon City

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to the Science Unit Of
DLSAU Integrated School, S.Y. 2022-2023

Abarquez, Amiel Gabe N.

Angeles, Mishia Angeline L.
De Guzman, Micah Keenesyed E.
Dela Peña, Samantha Grace A.
Lizada, Maya Julianna D.
Madayag, Mara Bernadette C.
Navarro, Elisha Kailey G.
Paquiao, Eirone James L.
Ramos, Caresse Julienne J.
Rivero, Janelle

Grade 10- Br. Hartmann

 Music on How It Affects the Brain, Productivity, and Attitude of
Selected Teenagers in Malabon City
1
A.G.N. Abarquez, 2M.A.L. Angeles, 3M.K.E. De Guzman, 4S.G.A. Dela Peña, 5M.J.D. Lizada, 6M.B.C Madayag,
7
E.K.G.Navarro, 8E.J.L. Paquiao, 9C.J.J. Ramos, 10J. Rivero
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Group 4, Grade 10 – Br.Hartmann, Integrated School
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
De La Salle Araneta University, Don Salvador Araneta Campus, Victoneta Avenue, Malabon City 1475, Metro Manila,
Philippines
1
amiel.abarquez@dlsau.edu.ph, 2mishia.angeles@dlsau.edu.ph, 3 micah.deguzman@dlsau.edu.ph,
4
samantha.delapeña@dlsau.edu.ph, 5 maya.lizada@dlsau.edu.ph, 6mara.madayag@dlsau.edu.ph,
7
elishia.navarro@dlsau.edu.ph, 8eirone.pacquiao@dlsau.edu.ph, 9caresse.ramos@dlsau.edu.ph.
10
janelle.rivero@dlsau.edu.ph
INTRODUCTION

Music is one of the most widely practiced means of human expression and communication,

and its popularity spans all demographics and cultural backgrounds (Mehr et al., 2019). Music

has been shown to have impact on cognitive processes, affective states, learning, and the

ability to deal with and overcome emotional distress. Listening to music is a common pastime

for the great majority of individuals and its influence extends beyond mere entertainment.

For about a year, the pandemic effectively halted any form of community life. People were not

permitted to go out to eat, work out, socialize, or see their families. Many were left feeling

unoccupied, worried, and alone. Numerous sources of recreation, including school activities,

amusement parks, and movie theaters, were unexpectedly shut down, transforming the lives of

people. Students are among those who were badly harmed the most due to the unpredictability

surrounding their academic progress and their social lives (Kim et al., 2020). These restrictions

enabled many students to use music not only as a form of enjoyment, but also as a means of

relieving stress and raising their spirits. Now, students have been facing extraordinary times of

continuous and tremendous change again as school is reverting to face-to-face classes. The

process of adjusting to a change in one's life can involve feelings of loss, uncertainty, confusion,

powerful emotions, and a sense of being out of control. It's interesting to note that music can

assist to reduce these effects, as well as keep worry and stress under control. More and more,

music is becoming a medium to connect with people who no longer know how to connect

anymore.

As stated by Gao et al (2020) utilizing melodies while performing or listening to music can

help people cope with stress and many of its associated physical and psychological effects. The

use of music is one illustration of an emotionally focused, adaptable strategy for reducing stress

(Ameen, 2018). Instead of concentrating on the stressor itself, music therapy typically aims to
reduce or eliminate feelings that arise in response to stress (Nie et al., 2020). The researcher’s

goal on this study is to determine how different types of music genre can influence one’s

behavior and explore the effect of music to students’ productivity and learning.

Over the years, scientists have conducted numerous studies on the effects of music on the

human brain and behavior. Some of these studies look at how different musical genres affect

the brain and how people react to different types of music. Many fascinating facts about music

and how it affects people have been discovered through research. The researchers seek to

understand how different genres of music affect the brain. The connection between music, the

mind, and human conduct will be investigated as part of this study. Specifically, the influence

that listening to certain types or genres of music has on the behavior of students will be

investigated. The researcher will attempt to ascertain the following information:

1. What are the common genres of music that students listen to?

2. What is the average time that students listen to music?

3. What particular activities do students listen to music?

4. How does music affect or influence the following areas:

a. mental performance.

b. change of moods and one's concentration.

c. productivity and task performance

d. overall behavior

Previous research conducted shows that using music as a kind of treatment or therapy in

healthcare settings might help patients feel more at ease and considering that listening to music

does not come with any negative consequences, it is unquestionably a cure that is worth

attempting. According to a 2011 analysis published in the Cochrane library. Cancer patients

may benefit from music therapy and music medicine interventions, The review showed that

music has positive effects on anxiety, pain, mood, the quality of life, heart rate, breathing rate,

and blood pressure (Bradt et al., 2011). In another 2009 Cochrane study, researchers sought
out empirical evidence of music therapy's efficacy in relieving depressive symptoms. Only five

papers matched the criteria to be included in the study. Four of these found that patients who

got music therapy experienced significantly less symptom worsening than those who did not

(Sheri, 2013).

A study into the effects of music therapy on patients who were confined in hospitals was

conducted and published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing in the year 2002. The researchers

looked at 19 different experiments and found that music therapy helped lessen the anxiety

levels of hospitalized patients. Despite the fact that the researchers did not find any effects of

anxiety or vital signs on patients while the procedure was being performed, they nonetheless

recommended music therapy as an effective way to calm patients (Evans, 2002).

According to Murrock, C. J. (2005), tones or sounds are structured into music to create

compositions with continuity and coherence. Musical compositions use rhythm, melody, pitch,

harmony, and interval to impact moods by affecting human physiological and psychological

processes. Music stimulates the limbic system, which controls emotions, sensations, and

sentiments, causing psychological effects. Through the limbic system, music can induce several

emotions. On the other hand, the physiological response appears to depend on the individual's

psychological response.

The majority of studies on music's health impacts focus on its capacity to calm us down and

ease stress. This research has recently expanded in intriguing and unexpected new areas.

Among the most recent discoveries are the following:

 ‌68.5% of music-based interventions were found to have favorable benefits, according to

a review of 349 studies that looked at music's effectiveness as a mental health treatment

for diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression (Golden et

al., 2021).
  It was found that individuals who listened to music that was either personal to them or

neutral to them, both at home and in a laboratory setting, had significantly "lower cortisol

levels." This was discovered regardless of the genre of the song that was being listened

to. (Tervaniemi et al., 2021).

 According to a review that was published in 2017 listening to music or participating in

music therapy reduced levels of depression. It was also connected with enhanced

confidence and motivation, particularly in group settings (Leubner & Hinterberger, 2017

 Research shows that music interventions can improve how people with Alzheimer's

disease act and think, especially when they are used as personal playlists to help them

relax (Leggieri et al., 2019).

Whether or not people are consciously aware of it, music plays a significant part in the

activities of our daily life. Gaining an understanding of how it affects our brain is vital because it

enables to determine which types of music will improve one’s performance, as well as mood

and productivity. Researchers believe that this study will benefit individuals because it will

provide information on how the various types of music will affect their brains and overall

behavior. It paves the way for more creativity and inventiveness in the minds. Individuals who

rely on music for both work and leisure will benefit from this as well because they will have a

better understanding of how listening to music may improve both their productivity and their

mood. This would also help students understand the value of listening to music that is relevant

to their studies and life experiences as a means of cultivating positive cognitive abilities and

enhancing learning. It will also assist the community in the sense that it will connect us with

individuals on an even deeper level.

The scope of this study comprises the major objective, which is to determine the effect that

music has on the human brain, specifically how it influences productivity and learning, by

conducting surveys on subjects. The participants chosen for this study were picked through
simple random sampling method in which the researcher randomly select participants from a

population of teenagers from Malabon City. Each member has an equal chance of being

selected. This study is quantitative and qualitative in nature and data will be collected from

students ages 14-18. Google forms and in person interview will be utilized to perform surveys to

the participants. As for the content validity, correctness and reliability of the instruments used,

we sought for expert opinions to make sure that it was designed to measure what it set out to

measure.

Methodology

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Research Framework

Preparation Phase

Gathering the necessary documents with the aim of acquiring an understanding and

developing the instruments such as questionnaires, surveys, and forms to be used for the

research were the first steps in the preparatory phase of the study, which began with the

gathering of supporting data. After accumulating all of this information, the researchers started

putting together the questionnaires. The researchers were aware that the proper development

of a questionnaire is one of the most important factors that determines the success of a survey.

Inappropriate questions, improper ordering, or a poor structure might reduce the value of the

survey, and it may not truly reflect the thoughts and opinions of the participants. For this reason,

validating research instruments is necessary. The researchers sought the advice of

professionals in the relevant fields in order to check the survey questionnaires for correctness in

terms of both their content and their grammar. Errors made by researchers in the construction of

study instruments, such as omissions of questions or mistakes in logic and procedure, were

addressed and corrected.

Collection and Data Analysis

To understand the general characteristics or opinions of a group of people on this,

researchers opted to conduct surveys and interviews. It was distributed to all participants with

prior consent. The questionnaires were self-designed but validated by expert faculties. The

questionnaires were distributed online through google forms, and in person whichever the

participants prefer or has access. The collected data were then summarized through

interpretation of data gathered using analytical and logical reasoning to determine patterns,

relationships, and trends.

Schematic Diagram
 Figure 2 Shows the workflow in collecting data. Participants were chosen through simple

Radom sampling method from the target population and assed if compatible with criteria

consistent with the aim and objectives of the project, if yes, they are given informed consent and

the survey questionnaires. A scheduled interview was conducted for those respondents who

opted for a face to face or in person interview.

Figure 2 Flow chart

RESEARCH METHODS

RESEARCH DESIGN

The descriptive approach was employed in the study to investigate the impact of different

genres of music on student productivity and behavior. As said, the goal of this strategy is to

obtain knowledge and information. It focuses on answering the questions of how, what, when,
and

where. The researchers used a survey questionnaire that included the respondents'

demographic profile, music preferences/background, and the effects of listening on their task

performance, concentration, moods, and overall behavior.

LOCALE AND SUBJECTS

The research had 30 student participants randomly selected. All of the participants are from

Malabon city. The study subjects’ range in age from 14 to 18 years old.

INSTRUMENTATIONS

The researcher’s goal on this study is to determine how different types of music genre can

influence one’s behavior and explore the effect of music to students’ productivity and learning.

The researchers conducted surveys to 30 teenagers from Malabon city ages 14 t0 18.

DATA COLLECTION

To collect data about the effects that different genres of music have on students, researchers

administered a survey with closed- and open-ended questions to a sample of 30 students from

Malabon city through google forms or in person survey .Researchers adhere to a number of

guiding principles, including simplicity in the items that are included, appropriateness of online

surveys for the participants that are being targeted, cultural and ethical sensitivity,

completeness, and neutrality The online survey questionnaire follows the same characteristics

as the paper version of the survey. The questionnaire was structured into 3 sections:

(i) Demographic such as age, gender, location, race

(ii) Multiple choice survey questions. This part asked for single or multiple answers to

assess their music listening pattern and type of genre they mostly listen to.

(iii) Music listening questionnaire, this assessed the music listening perception and

effects on the respondents. The first part of this section was comprised of a closed
 ended question. Researchers used a five-point response format questionnaire to

obtain data regarding frequency of behavior. These questions require participants to

submit a sequence of replies ranging from never to another scale .A scale, for

example, might include five options, beginning at one end with "never" and ending at

the other end with "all the time," with less frequency options in the middle three

places, and the last part of this section allowed the respondent to comment freely

using a free-response text box on how music makes the respondent feel and what

kind of impact does music has on the respondent. The text box allowed the

participants to further explain how they feel about their type of genre and how it gives

them motivation to complete certain activities.

DATA ANALYSIS

The generated data were then transcribed and coded. Data gathered from multiple

survey question and closed ended question were analyzed using descriptive statistic

approach while answers to open ended question were sorted into categories or group and

were closely examined to identify common themes — recurring topics, concepts, and

meaning pattern.
Appendix
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

SECTION 1 Demographic

Section ll
Section lll
Table 1 Form Responses
 Table 2 Demographic Numerical Response

Table 3 Listening Pattern and Genre

Table 4 Likert Scale
Table 5 Open Ended Question 1
Table 6 Open Ended Question 2
REFERENCES

Bradt, J., Dileo, C., Grocke, D., & Magill, L. (2011). Music interventions for improving

psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic

Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006911.pub2

Evans, D. (2002). The effectiveness of music as an intervention for hospital patients: a

systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37(1), 8–18.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02052.x

Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020).

Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE,

15(4), Article e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924

Golden, T. L., Springs, S., Kimmel, H. J., Gupta, S., Tiedemann, A., Sandu, C. C., & Magsamen,

S. (2021). The Use of Music in the Treatment and Management of Serious Mental Illness:

A Global Scoping Review of the Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649840

Leggieri, M., Thaut, M. H., Fornazzari, L., Schweizer, T. A., Barfett, J., Munoz, D. G., &

Fischer, C. E. (2019). Music Intervention Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

of the Literature. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00132

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Murrock C.J. (2005) Music and mood. In

Psychology of Moods
(Clark A. V., ed.), Nova Science Publishers,
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Mur
Murrock C.J. (2005) Music and mood. In
Psychology of Moods
(Clark A. V., ed.), Nova Science Publishers,
Inc., Hauppauge, NY,
pp. 141–155.
Mur