Table of Contents

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………....3
 Background
 Problem Statement
 Significance
 Research Questions
 Research Objectives
2. Literature Review……………………………………………………………5
 Relationship between Variables
 Hypothesis
 Conceptual Framework
3. Research Methodology………………………………………………………8
 Population
 Sampling
 Measures
 Data Collection
 Data Analysis
4. References…………………………………………………………………....9
 The Effect of Listening to Music on Academic Performance of the
Student

1. Introduction:
Music has become much more readily available to the public in the past decades. One
influencing factor was the increasing availability of music: whilst in the past one was in need of
CDs or tapes and an according player, nowadays music can be played digitally on many different
devices such as computers, mobile phones or iPods. Furthermore, the choice of available songs is
almost endless due to music portals. This makes it possible to select suitable songs for different
situations, such as relaxing songs for a cozy evening or activating songs before going out. Due to
these advances in music technology, learning with music has received more and more attention
over the last decade. In the modern era of technology, many students listen to music while
studying. This trend raises a question on how music effects academic performance during the
study. A research study done by University of Windsor, Canada to confirm the effect of listening
to music reported its positive effect on academic performance. This positive correlation between
music on academic performance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyse
the effect of listening to music on academic performance of a student.

 Background:

Many students listen to music to alleviate the emotional effects of stress and anxiety when
engaged in complex cognitive processing, such as studying for a test, completing homework
assignments, or while reading and writing. This practice is so common that it would be beneficial
for students to understand the role that music plays on academic performance. Many students
choose to listen to a preferred genre of music when they study or do their homework without
understanding the potential harmful effects of such practice. The study focused on the influence
of listening music on academic performance of students.

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 Problem Statement:

The Effect of Listening to Music on Academic Performance of the Student. The listening music
can be effect on student positively. The listening music can also effect on student negatively.
This research purpose to investigate how way listening to music effect on student.

 Significance:

Significance of listening to music during studying help students to beat stress or anxiety.
Background music may help to improve focus on a task by providing motivation and improving
mood. It’s found to help people perform better in high-pressure situations. During the long study
sessions, music can aid endurance. In some cases, students have found that music helps them
with memorization, likely by creating a positive mood, which indirectly boosts memory
formation.

 Research Question:

The question of this study will:

 What is the effect of different type of music on performance of student?

 What is impact of listening to music on the performance of student?
 How the individual perception about the role of music vary on performance of the
student?
 Research Objectives:

The objectives of this study were

 To observe the effect of different type of music on performance of student

 To understand the effect of listening to music on the performance of student
 To analyze the individual perception about the role of music in performance of the
student.

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2. Literature Review:
Dolegu (2013), a research study done by University of Windsor, Canada to investigate the effect
of listening to music reported its positive effect on work performance. This research was done
on 56 software developers from various software companies in Canada, and its result from the
narrative responses revealed the value of music listening for positive mood change and enhanced
perception on design while working. The authors also concluded that the positive affect and
quality-of-work were lowest with no music, while time-on-task was longest when music was
removed. This positive correlation between music on IQ and work performance have invoked
our curiosity whether listening to music while studying is beneficial or not. This is because the
Mozart effect only shows a positive impact when a person listens to music before undergoing a
test, and not listening to it while doing a test.

Tze and Chou (2010), assigned Taiwanese college students to one of three music conditions
(classical music, hip hop music, or no music) and asked them to complete a reading
comprehension task while the music played. The results showed that that those students in the
music-free condition performed best, followed by those in the 3 classical condition and finally
those in the hip hop condition. Tze and Chou concluded that studying in a quiet (i.e., music free)
environment was best as it possessed fewer distractions.

Jones and Estell (2007), College students who listened to Mozart’s Sonata over the course of
three days showed significant improvement on the Paper Folding and Cutting tasks of the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and 16 short-term memory items. It should be noted that even
though this finding has received much publicity, it is not without its criticisms. Several studies
seeking to either replicate or disprove these findings have found fault with the original results,
claiming that they may either be an experimental artifact.

Cauchard, Cane, and Weger (2012), investigated the effects on background speech and music on
the speed of the participants’ reading times via an eye tracking methodology. Specifically, they
were interested in whether music or background speech would interrupt important
comprehension processes while of reading as indicated by eye movements. The researchers had
thirty-two University of Kent students between the ages of 18-29 years old participate in this
study. Their eye movement was tracked while they read, and at random points the reading

4
session, participants were interrupted by background speech and music. Despite the fact that
some participants were interrupted during reading, most participants only slowed down and re-
read the sentences that were interrupted during the noise stimulus. It was also found that there
was no deleterious effects, meaning that no information was lost, during the interrupting settings.

Sacks (2009), Music participation, both inside and outside of school, is associated with measures
of academic achievement among children and adolescents. Future work should further delineate
the relevant processes of music involvement, as well as how background inequalities and music
involvement intersect in relation to educational performance. Music involvement has been
publicly linked to student achievement programs.

Bintizaaba and Preetha (2016), educators contend music education is a means for self-expression
that allows students to connect with themselves and others, transform the environment of
learning through arts integration products, provide learning opportunities for the adults in the
lives of students, provide new challenges for students already considered successful, and connect
learning experiences to the world of real work. Most importantly, educators maintain that music
education can reach a number of students who are not being reached and in ways that students
are not otherwise being reached.

Miksza and Elpus (2013), economics has a particularly strong foothold in the realm of education
research. Delving into the literature regarding music education, I find that there are myriad
inquisitions on the claims of the association between music participation and academic
achievement. In recent studies, the topic turns towards the relationships by which causality can
be claimed. These economic analyses entail multi-level (student and school) models accounting
for the number of concerns with academic achievement and music education research.

Giles (1991), has shown that classical music is considered as the mood calming and soothing.
LaBach (1960), different students might have different choice preferences of music, variation in
music type i.e. classical, instrumental, etc. can be done to further analyze the effect of music.
Nevertheless, introduction of music did not show any negative effect on quiz performances. Our
experiment did not show any statistical significance of background music in quiz performance
which is supported by the studies carried out by reporting that students self-reports of
background music interference had no effect on their performance.

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Pakeezah and Michael (2019), a two-part study was conducted with undergraduates registered at
South African universities to gauge their music usage behaviors. Results show that, although
there is no significant difference in working memory performance between white noise and
classical music conditions, students performance decreased significantly when they listened to
music of their own choosing. This suggests that working memory capacity may be overloaded
when listening to one’s own choice of music, which may negatively affect information encoded
when studying and completing other academic activities, later impacting information recall and,
ultimately, academic performance.

 Hypothesis:

Listening to music while studying as it may not pose any adverse effects on the student. In fact, it
improve the performance of the student in their academic perspectives.

 Conceptual Framework:
The relationship between two variables is positive. Two variable include dependent and
independent. Music is independent and academic performance of student is dependent.

Listening Academic
Music Performance
of student

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3. Research Methodology
 Population:

We will target the population of University of Gujrat in hafiz Hayat, bachelor of business
administration (BBA) students. Population sample is 160 students.

 Sampling:

We will use the random sampling method include fish bowl method and sample size is 40
students.

 Measures:

The questionnaire will self-designed but validated by expert faculties. All the questions will of
close ended with four options to tick the responses most relevant for them. The participants will
then segregated into two groups based on their preference to listen or not to listen music during
studying. All the participants who admitted that they listen to music while studying were further
continued with the experimental study.

 Data collection:

The study was conducted in two sets of surveying: questionnaire based study.

 Data analysis:

Data obtained from the responses of participants compiled in the form of graphs and charts.

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4. Reference:
Kumar, N. (2016, December). The Effect of Listening to Music on Concentration and Academic
Performance of the Student. Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Journal.
Retrieved 8 December 2019 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311435289-
The_effect_of_listening_to_music_on_concentration_and_academic_performance_of_the_stude
nt_Cross-sectional_study_on_medical_undergraduate_students

Dolegui, A. (2013). The Impact of Listening To Music on Cognitive Performance. Inquiries

Journal. Retrieved 9 December 2019 from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1657/the-
impact-of-listening-to-music-on-cognitive-performance

Dodge, L. (2012). Effects of Listening to Music While Studying in College Students. Student
Research journal. Retrieved 9 December 2019 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3042/-
de1a944ac1084fe8cc52324ae7fdcfe13e27.pdf

Antony, M. (2018). Effect of Music on Academic Performance of College Students. Research

Article. Retrieved 10 December 2019 from http://jprsolutions.info/files/final-file-
5b8cd5b96d1b97.74649067.pdf

Lutmer, N. (2018) The Impact of Music on Studying Ability in College Students. Retrieved 12
December 2019 from http://www.academicjournals.org/-
app/webroot/article/article1426773672_Umuzdas.pdf

Rajab, P. (2019). The Impact of Music on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate

Students. Retrieved 13 December 2019 from
https://ptc.bps.org.uk/sites/ptc.bps.org.uk-/files/adm/201_11.1_web_selected_article_the_impact
_of_music_on_the_academic_performance_of_undergraduate_students.pdf