"Your Partner in Education Since 1946": Padre Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy, Inc

PADRE VICENTE GARCIA MEMORIAL ACADEMY, INC.
“Your partner in education since 1946”

FEASIBILITY OF MAKING A NATURAL AIR FRESHENER OUT OF
LEMON PEEL EXTRACT AND ROSEMARY LEAVES
by
Baldemor, Genio A.
Bueno, Glorilyn P.
Conti, King Claiver U.
De Luna, Mark Ericson
Mercado, Lowell T.
Rodriguez, Annaliza J.
Umali, Darren B.
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements Research in Daily Life2/Research Project
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
PVGMA
2018
🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||
pvgmarosbats1946@gmail.com
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Ever since we were little, we have always been encouraged to go outside and do
one thing and that is to get some fresh air. Fresh air is said to have the ability to provoke
and awaken our senses, serving as an effective heat and body heat regulator, helping us to
control smells in the indoor air and to have a “good, fresh smell” in our home, and
making it possible to get rid of still air.
Fresh air is indeed a profound link to our experience of being and feeling alive as
a human being (Hauge, 2010). But due to the massive air pollution caused by our
negligence and different human activities fresh air seems to be out of reach whenever we
go outside.
However people still wanted to have fresh air to breathe in even though they are
inside their houses or they simply wants to improve the indoor air quality that they have
and that is when the air freshener becomes in trend. In this modern times air fresheners
have become undoubtly popular, many homes and businesses use air fresheners to
remove unwanted odor or create a desired smell. Little did they know that this benefit
comes with exposure to a mixture of chemicals that are released from the air freshener.
Some of these chemicals could affect our health, especially for people who are sensitive
to chemicals or smells (Solomon, 2007).
Because of this emerging problem the researchers decided to look into the
viability of the combined lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves as an effective natural

air freshener which can be used as an alternative to the commercial air fresheners that we
have been using today.
A study conducted by Dev (2016), states that Lemon (Citrus x Limon) is a hybrid
of the plant genus Citrus, with the main characteristic of thorny branches, and white
flowers with purple edges, the acidic juicy fruit is oval in shape, has an aromatic rind that
is yellow when ripe and has a prominent bulge or nipple on the blossom end. Lemon is
also an important medicinal plant of the Rutaceae family that originated in tropical and
subtropical Southeast Asia. It has a distinctive berry with its internal parts divided into
segments. It is cultivated mainly for alkaloids which show anticancer activities and the
antibacterial activities in crude extracts of different parts of lemon against clinically
significant in bacterial strains.
On the other hand Solomon (2015), verify that Rosmarinus officinalis L. (family,
Lamiaceae), commonly known as rosemary, is one of the most popular perennial culinary
herbs cultivated all over the world. Both fresh and dried leaves of rosemary have been
used for their characteristic aroma in food cooking or consumed in small amount as
herbal tea, while rosemary extracts are routinely employed as natural antioxidant to
improve the shelf life of perishable foods. In the latter case, the European Union has
approved rosemary extract as a safe and effective natural antioxidant for food
preservation. The plant is also known to be employed in traditional medicines in many
countries even far beyond its native Mediterranean region where it grows wild. Among
the pharmacologically validated medicinal uses of rosemary are antibacterial, anticancer,
anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-
ulcerogenic, improving cognitive deficits, anti-diuretic, and hepatoprotective effects. The

other major use of rosemary is in the perfume industry where the essential oils are
employed as natural ingredients of fragrances.
Moreover Sereiti et.al, (1999), proves that the sharp woody scent of rosemary
conveys a feeling of warmth. This stimulating scent is used to increase energy, improve
mental clarity and offer an alert state. Rosemary is helpful in relieving respiratory
congestion and muscular aches and pain.
In addition a study conducted by Axe (2017), states that lemon extract stands out,
for research has recently discovered that it carries powerful cleansing properties and
found out that breathing in the scent of lemon supports healthy neurological activity and
promotes the breakdown of body fat.
This only proves that both of the two has a pleasant scent which is good for the
body. Aside from that both of the lemon and rosemary possessed an antibacterial activity
which makes them more potent ingredient in making a natural air freshener.
Research Problem
This study aims to answer the question:
 Is it feasible to make a natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract and
rosemary leaves?
Specifically this study sought to answer the following research questions:
 What are the properties of lemon and rosemary which make it as an effective
ingredient in making a natural air freshener?
 What are the benefits that can be derived from using a natural air freshener?

 Which is more effective to use the liquid type or the gel type of natural air
freshener?
Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study
This study dealt mainly with the feasibility of making a natural air freshener out
of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves. Hence, this study will cover the different
properties of the lemon and rosemary which make them as a potential ingredient to make
a natural air freshener. This research will also discuss the different benefits which can be
derived from using an all natural air freshener and its main difference over any other
commercial air fresheners in terms of safety. Other than that this research aims to
determine which among the two types of air freshener; the liquid or gel type is more
effective to use. The researchers will choose a specific Grade 12 classrooms in Padre
Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy because they have an air-conditioned classroom
which is suitable for the usage of the natural air freshener. The students will be assessed
to determine the advantages and disadvantages of having an air freshener in their
classroom and as well as the effectiveness of the liquid and gel type natural air freshener
in terms of its appearance, conveniences, scent, and how long the scent will last. The
researchers did not choose the other classrooms because it is not ideal to place an air
freshener in a non air-conditioned classroom.
Significance of the Study
This study will look into the feasibility of using the lemon extract and rosemary
plant in making a natural air freshener hence it would be of great importance to the
following persons and entities:

To the Teachers. As instructors, this study may result to new knowledge with
regards to the other potential uses of lemon and rosemary, which they can share to their
students in their future discussions.
To the Students. This study would be essential for them since they would be able
to identify the other possible uses of lemon extract and rosemary plant.
To the Consumers. This may result to the discovery of a cheaper and safer
natural air freshener which they can use as an alternative to the commercial air freshener
without having any worries on the effects that it may cause to their health.
To the Researchers. This study is a great output for they will gain more
knowledge and at the same time they will be able to prove the feasibility of making a
natural air freshener out of lemon extract and rosemary plant which will surely be
beneficial to the them in the near future.
To the Future Researchers. This study will be helpful in the future researchers
who will be needing a related study about air fresheners and the uses of lemon extract and
rosemary plant.
Conceptual Framework
The design of the conceptual framework of this study provides an overview of the
target output by the researchers in this study, which is to determine if the lemon extract
and rosemary plant are feasible ingredient in making a natural air freshener. In addition to
this, the study also determines the student’s assessment of the liquid and gel type natural
air freshener in terms of its appearance, odor and how long the scent will last.

The researchers used the lemon extract and rosemary plant itself as the input of
the study and as well as the assessment of the students focusing in the effectiveness of the
natural air freshener out of lemon and rosemary plant.
Included in the process box are the methodologies that the researchers used in
gathering information which are the experiment and the validated survey questionnaire
and interview.
The output variable is the product made out the combined lemon extract and
rosemary plant which is the liquid and gel type air freshener.
Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
> Lemon peel >The researchers >The liquid type

extract and conducted an and gel type of
rosemary leaves. experiment using natural air
the lemon extract freshener out of
>Assessment of the and rosemary plant lemon extract and
effectiveness of the as an ingredient in rosemary plant.
liquid and gel type making a natural
air freshener. air freshener.
>Survey
Questionnaire and
Interview
Figure 1: Research Paradigm on the Feasibility of Making a Natural Air
Freshener Out of Lemon Extract and Rosemary Plant

Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better
understanding of the study.
Alkaloids. It is defined as the naturally occurring chemical compounds containing basic
nitrogen atoms (Kakhia, 2013). In this study, it pertains to the organic bases that the
lemon extract have which shows anticancer and antibacterial activities.
Antibacterial. This refers to any substance that destroys microbes, prevent their
multiplication or growth, or prevent their pathogenication (Gordon, 2009). In this study,
it pertains to the chemical properties of the lemon extract and rosemary plant which is
responsible in combating bacteria.
Antioxidant. It is defined as man-made or natural substances that prevent or delay some
types of cell damage (Ashwaniyadav, 2016). In this study, it refers to the chemical
composition of the lemon and rosemary which inhibits oxidation or counteracts the
deterioration of stored food products.
Assessment. It is the systematic process of gathering information from many sources to
make appropriate educational decisions (Yukon Department of Education, 2015). In this
study, it refers to any form of test conducted by the researchers in order to gather and
collect data from the respondents of the study.
Cultivated. It is the act of caring for or raising plants (Danmark, 2002). In this study, it
pertains to the good quality of the lemon and rosemary a since they were both raised or
grown under controlled conditions.

Perennial. This are plants that last for two or more seasons (Creating and Sustaining
Your School Garden, 2012). In this study, it pertains to the rosemary plant which has
existed over a long period of time.
Rutaceae. It is known as the family of flowering plants (order Sapindales), which
composed of 160 genera and about 2,070 species (Britannica, n.d). In this study it refers
to the scientific classification or the family of the lemon plant based on the hierarchy of
biological classification.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the review of related literature and researches that are
somehow related to the study. The corresponding literatures were organized with regards
to the research questions of the present study.
1. What are the properties of lemon extract and rosemary leaves which
makes it as an effective ingredient in making a natural air freshener?
Lemon (Citrus limon) is the third most important species of citrus after orange
and mandarin, with a production totaling more than 4.4 million tons during the
2001/2002 season. Argentina with 1.2 million tones is currently the world’s largest
producer of lemons. The peel is a by-product of lemon juice processing, with a high
potential use. Two different tissues are found in what is colloquially called lemon peel,
flavedo and albedo. Flavedo is the peel’s outer layer, whose colour varies from green to
yellow. It is a rich source of essential oils which have been used since ancient times by
the flavour and fragrance industry. Albedo is the major component of lemon peel, and is
a spongy and cellulosic layer laid under flavedo. The thickness of the albedo fluctuates
according to several variables, among them variety and degree of ripeness. Albedo has
high dietary fiber content, and if added to new meat products permits to formulate
healthier products like beef burgers, bologna and dry cured sausages. Furthermore, the
presence of associated bioactive compounds (flavonoids and vitamin C) with antioxidant
properties in fresh lemon albedo involves healthier benefits than other sources of dietary
fiber (Janati et. al, 2012).

The study of Lota et. al (2002), revealed that lemon is an important medicinal
plant of the family Rutaceae. It is cultivated mainly for its alkaloids, which are having
anticancer activities and the antibacterial potential in crude extracts of different parts
(viz., leaves, stem, root and flower) of Lemon against clinically significant bacterial
strains has been reported Citrus flavonoids have a large spectrum of biological activity
including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anticancer and antiviral activities
Flavonoids can function as direct antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and have the
capacity to modulate enzymatic activities and inhibit cell proliferation. In plants, they
appear to play a defensive role against invading pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and
viruses Flavonoids are generally present in glycosylated forms in plants, and the sugar
moiety is an important factor determining their bioavailability. Preparation from peel,
flowers and leaves of bitter are popularly used in order to minimize central nervous
system disorders.
Moreover, Lota et. al (2002) also states that the peel of Citrus fruits is a rich
source of flavonoid glycosides, coumarins, $ and (- sitosterol, glycosides and volatile
oils. Many polymethoxylated flavones have several important bioactivities, which are
very rare in other plants In addition the fiber of citrus fruit also contains bioactive
compounds, such as polyphenols, the most important being vitamin C (or ascorbic acid),
and they certainly prevent and cure vitamin C deficiency-the cause of scurvy .
Antimicrobial activity of the peel extract is directly concerned with the components that
they contain. The studies showed that essential oils, protopine and corydaline alkaloids,
lactons, polyacetylene, acyclic sesquiterpenes, hypericin and pseudohypericin compounds
are effective toward various bacteria. Nevertheless, other active terpenes, as well as

alcohols, aldehydes, and esters, can contribute to the overall antimicrobial effects of the
essential oils.
Based from the findings of the study of Dhanavade et. al (2011), they said that the
peel of Citrus fruits is a potential source of essential oils. Citrus essential oils have been
used as flavoring agents in foods, beverages, and liquors and as aromatic agents in
perfumery, soap and other household products. The Citrus fruits possess high amounts of
bioactive compounds which can influence human health such as vitamin C, carotenoids,
flavonoids, limonoids, essential oils, coumarins, acridone alkaloids, soluble fibres and
minerals.
Related to this is the study conducted by Palazzolo et. al (2013), which states that
the quality and quantity of citrus limon peel essential oils (EOs) depend on many factors,
such as the nature of the fruit itself, provenance, genotype, soil type and climate but also
on the extraction process. Essential oils (EOs, also called volatile or ethereal oils) are
aromatic oily liquids characterized by a strong odour and produced by different plant
material (flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits and roots) as
secondary metabolites. EOs are liquid, volatile, limpid and rarely coloured, soluble in
organic solvents generally with a lower density than water. They are very complex
natural mixtures of lipophilic substances, which can contain about 20-60 components at
different concentrations. They are characterized by two or three major components
(limonene, pcymene and ocimene) at fairly high concentrations (20-70%) compared to
others components present in trace amounts. Generally, those major components
determine the biological properties of the Eos. At present, approximately 3000 EOs are
known, 300 of which are commercially important and used for pharmaceutical,

agronomic, food, sanitary, cosmetic and perfume industries purposes. In addition the oil
content of citrus peels range between 0.5 and 5.0 % (w/v). Essential oils extracted from
citrus peel are very complex matrices containing numerous compounds of different
chemical classes. These compounds are generally divided in two fractions: the volatile
fraction, which is the most representative and ranges between 85 and 99% in the different
cold-pressed citrus oils, and the non-volatile residue, containing fatty acids, sterols,
carotenoids, waxes, coumarins, and polymethoxylated flavonoids (2-6% of the oil),
which ranges between 1 and 15%. The volatile constituents are a mixture of monoterpene
(limonene) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives including
aldehydes (citral), ketones, acids, alcohols (linalool) and esters. The development of new
instrumental analytical techniques, mainly chromatographic, has allowed a more precise
characterization of EOs citrus. The major chemical component of citrus oils is limonene.
The limonene content ranges from 32 to 98%. In particularly, the limonene content
ranges from 68 to 98% in sweet orange, from 45 to 76% in lemon and from 32 to 45% in
bergamot. About linalool, an oxygenated component, its concentration results 0.018,
0.015 and 10.231% in sweet orange, lemon and bergamot, respectively.
It is stated by Saikia (2017), that there is an effect on the brain of the aromas of
essential oils of citrus limon, administered via inhalation, resulting in behavioral changes
in animals and humans. Aromatherapy, a branch of herbology, is the therapeutic use of
fragrances or at least mere volatiles to cure, mitigate or prevent diseases, infections and
indispositions by means of inhalation. At the moment, it is one of the fastest growing
therapies worldwide. It is reported that aromatherapy gives a feeling uplifted, stimulated,
invigorated, or rejuvenated, depending on the oil used. When inhaled, the various aromas

penetrate the bloodstream via the lungs causing physiologic changes. In turn, the limbic
system, which controls our emotions and memories, is affected. The great importance of
Citrus Essential Oils existing in their peel, leaves and flowers, derives from many factors.
Because of Citrus are the largest fruit crop in the world, there is a large availability of
these oils also as by-product in the wastes of citrus processing. Secondly, the important
characteristics and proprieties of Citrus Essential Oils, such as their bactericidal,
virucidal, fungicidal, and medicinal properties associated with their fragrance, make them
potentially an ideal alternative to the chemical-based antimicrobials for food, agriculture,
pharmaceutical and sanitary applications, as well as a precious component of cosmetics,
air fresheners and perfumes.
While on the other hand a study made by Sanofer (2014), states that the mineral
content of lemon peel contains Na(755.5), K(8600), Cu(8452.5), Ca(4.95), Fe(147.65),
Mg(1429.5), Zn(13.94) and P(6696)mg/100g. D-limonene supports the normal
functioning of immune system. It gives clarity and freshness to our mind. It releases us
from tension and makes our mind peaceful .It also supports and refreshes our skin.
Lemon acts as an antiseptic agent by preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Lemon essential oil obtained from citrus limon promotes clarity of thoughts. Lemon is
also an important ingredient in natural cosmetics that reduces wrinkles in the face. Lemon
is also useful in treating asthma, cough, biliousness, cold, heartburn, liver complaints,
fever, diphtheria and rheumatism. Lemon helps in the production of WBC and antibodies
in blood which attacks microorganism and prevent the infections. It acts as an antioxidant
by deactivating the free radicals and prevents diseases like stroke, cardiovascular diseases

and cancer. It is also capable to lower blood pressure and increase the level of HDL. As
lemon is anti-carcinogenic, it lowers the rates of colon, prostate and breast cancers.
Furthermore Ali et al. (2017), conducted a study showing the antimicrobial
activity of dried fruits peel of Citrus limon. They claimed that Phyto-constituents present
in plants namely alkaoids, saponin, sterols; terpenoids are having an exciting set of
circumstances that makes it possible to do something for more extensive of modern
therapies against a wide range of microorganisms. The study was done against the variety
of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains were selected for screening
antimicrobial impact of the extracts to see the antimicrobial spectrum. Results of the
study shows that the methanolic extracts of the peel of the fruit of Citrus limon were
highly successful in producing the desired result against most of the Gram-positive
bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains in agar well diffusion method.
Phytochemical constituents of plants such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic
compounds and several other aromatic compounds are secondary metabolites which can
be used in achieving a defense mechanism against plundering by many micro-organisms.
The 100μg/ml concentration of dried fruits peel of Citrus limon have an influencing
antimicrobial activity. From the study, the antibacterial activity of the peel of the dried
fruit of Citrus limon was judged by using disk diffusion method. The microorganisms
that have been selected for study were Grampositive, S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli
and fungus like C. albicans, and T. rubrum. Study of this micro-organism was done as
they have the capacity of rapidly developed antibiotic resistance as antibiotic use
increases. After doing the study of a methanolic extract of Citrus limon peel showed the
presence of various phytochemicals of which include alkaloids, saponin, sterols, Steroids,

and terpenoids. After a lot of tests were performed they found out that the minimum
inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts was less than 100μg/ml and therefore the
plant was considered to have a very good antimicrobial activity.
According to Jan et. al (2017), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) is an
evergreen shrub of dark green leaves, grows wildly in the sub-Himalayan areas. It has
been used as an anti-inflammatory antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antispasmodic carminative,
analgesic, antiepileptic agent and in the treatment of wounds and hair problems. The
essential oil is used for healing diabetic wounds too. It is used in cosmetics, perfumery
and has antioxidant properties. It is concluded that R. officinalis is a rich source of
essential oil. When studied for pharmacological and biological activities, it exhibited
varying degree of effects. The biological potential of essential oil can be attributed to
these identified compounds.
In addition is the study conducted by Jamshidi et al. (2009), which states that
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) leaves are a very common spice and its oil is used
in fragrance flavor industry aromatherapy, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and
antitumor properties. Among herbs and spices, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a
common household plant grown in many parts of the world. It is used for flavoring food,
in cosmetic and in traditional medicine for choretics, hepatoprotective and antimorigenic
activity. Thus rosemary extracts have great interest for the food industry as a source of
active compound and medicine as a great part of drugs. The essential oil of rosemary has
been widely studied. Essential oils of rosemary dominated by 1,8-cineole, 𝛼-pinene,
camphene, 𝛼- terpineol, and borneol as principal constituents are also responsible for

various pharmacological effects of the general antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
known for many essential oils, as well as other effects including anti-carcinogenic
activities. The other group of secondary metabolites of rosemary is polyphenolic
compounds including the flavonoids (e.g., homoplantaginin, cirsimaritin, genkwanin,
gallocatechin, nepetrin, hesperidin, and luteolin derivatives) and phenolic acid derivatives
(e.g., rosmarinic acid). By far the most important group of rosemary compounds that gain
significant attention in recent years is the unique class of polyphenolic diterpenes.
In the study of Abramovic (2012), it was proved that the content of total phenolics
in rosemary leaf extracts ranged from 99 mg/g to 318 mg/g. Rosemary leaf extracts
showed a stronger antimicrobial activity in the range of 0.02 to 0.06 mg/mL for
grampositive and to 1.03 mg/mL for gram-negative bacteria, which could be explained by
the presence of carnosic acid as the main bioactive antimicrobial compound in rosemary
extracts. They reported that, carnosic acid is more efficient against gram-positive bacteria
than rosmarinic acid. From those results, it is obvious that the rosemary leaf extracts have
different modes of action and exhibited stronger biological activity against gram-positive
bacteria. The best antibacterial activity determined by the broth microdilution method
was seen against B. cereus and the lowest activity against S.Infantis.
According to Srinivasan (2016), rosemary has significant antioxidative activity,
mainly contributed from two key antioxidant components belonging to the classes of
phenolic acids, flavonoids and diterpenoids, namely, carnosol (CAS No 5957-80-2,
molecular formula C20H28O4) and carnosic acid (CAS No 3650-09-7, formula
C20H28O4). Carnosol and carnosic acid, are phenolic diterpenes, that are responsible for

the main antioxidant activity of rosemary extract. In addition to antioxidants, rosemary
also contain several reference volatiles that are responsible for its flavour and odour. The
components of reference volatiles include 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol), camphor, borneol,
verbenone, and bornyl acetate. While rosemary will contain both volatile and antioxidant
compounds, they may be produced such that their antioxidative function is enhanced.
Therefore the rosemary used principally for their antioxidant properties are selectively
increased and characterized by their carnosol and carnosic acid content (antioxidant),
ratio with their key volatile components (flavour).
An analysis of rosemary extract was also conducted by Genena et. al (2007),
which have showed the presence of tannins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, triterpenic
acids, volatiles, phenolic diterpenes, as well as some protein matter and lipophilic
substances. Studies have shown that the concentration of carnosic acid and carnosol in
the final extract will be affected by the starting composition of the dried rosemary leaves,
as well as the extraction process. While the total content of carnosic acid and carnosol is
variable depending on the particular extract of rosemary, the composition when the
intended function is antioxidant comprises not less than 90% of the total of the two
phenolic diterpenes.
In an attempt to investigate the effect of rosemary consumption on brain function,
Solomon (2016), has recently tested the potential anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like
behaviour effect on adult male mice. The result showed that oral intake of rosemary tea
for 4 weeks has shown a positive effect without altering memory learning when assessed
by passive avoidance, elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests. In an olfactory

bulbectomy procedure in mice, have also demonstrated that rosemary extract possesses
antidepressant-like effect and is also able to abolish ache alterations although the spatial
learning deficit induced by the procedure was not altered. It is also worth noting that
other components of rosemary, such as essential oil constituents, are known to alter brain
function at therapeutic doses. For example, the cognitive enhancing power of rosemary
component, 1,8-cineole, has been well documented. In agreement with these observed
effects of the isolated compounds, the crude extract of rosemary has been shown to
improve memory impairment when tested in vivo using the scopolamine-induced
dementia model.
Furthermore Sayorwan (2012), performed a study which aims to determine the
“Effects of Inhaled Rosemary Oil on Subjective Feelings and Activities of the Nervous
System.” He therefore conclude that Rosemary oil is essentially the extract of a small
light blue flower along the with extract from the leaves to yield the fragrance of the
essential oil, which is sometimes used as an ingredient in perfumes as well as for a food
flavoring. Rosemary oil has a powerful, refreshing herbal smell with the appearance of
clear water and a viscous texture. Rosemary oil has also been shown to be beneficial in
the treatment of certain medical problems such as acne, baldness, rheumatic pain, and
circulatory blockages. In addition, rosemary oil has a pronounced action on the brain and
central nervous system (CNS) and is a powerful tool in helping to clear the mind and for
increasing mental awareness. It has also been shown to possess excellent brain-
stimulating properties as well as an aid for memory improvement. The main chemical
components of rosemary oil are α-pinene, camphor, and 1,8-cineole. The general

properties of these substances include carminative, aromatic, antispasmodic, anti-
depressant, antimicrobial, astringent, and stimulatory actions. The results of the study
suggest the occurrence of the positive stimulatory effects of rosemary oil inhalation.
These findings provide evidence that brain wave activities, autonomic nervous system
responses, and mood states can all be modified with rosemary oil inhalation. The results
support that there are medicinal benefits of rosemary when used as a stimulant in
essential oil treatments.
2. What are the benefits that can be derived from using a natural air freshener?
According to Aghaisuoti (2016), the main benefit of the natural air freshener is to
eliminate odors, but there are still many other benefits air fresheners can offer other than
stopping an unpleasant smell. Home owners, office and businesses are usually alike in
their use air fresheners. Air fresheners are a quick fix to bad smells, and may seem like a
huge weight off your shoulders once they are emitted. Hence, he stated few more reasons
why he suggests that we should use air fresheners. First is for its flexibility; air fresheners
can be installed virtually anywhere in your building. It is designed not just for restrooms
but also for use in areas such as offices, meeting rooms, care homes, hotels, reception
areas, school classrooms or anywhere that a pleasant fragrance is desired. The air
freshener comes furnished with a fan which can be used in high traffic areas and turned
off in less visited areas so you get the perfect amount of fragrance circulating in the place
on installation or spray.
Aghaisuoti (2016), also claims that most air fresher services use natural essential oils
to make their scents. The freshener contains no volatile organic compounds or aerosol

products. Although most fragrances are strong and overpowering, air fresheners leave a
light, fresh fragrance behind, wherein we do not have to worry about getting burned out
on one scent; most air fresheners come equipped with a number of fragrance or scent
options for you to enjoy a variety of aromas that you like. Another important thing that
air freshener does is the fact that it neutralizes. Some fresheners simply mask the smell of
malicious odors instead of neutralizing them; however, natural air fresheners eliminate
odors completely as to avoid mixing uncomplimentary smells together. It truly creates a
fresh, clean smell completely void of ghastly whiffs and scrunching noses. In addition it
is also proven that the usage of natural air fresheners promotes a positive change in
mood. There are situations when we are in a tremendous “off” mood, but if suddenly if
you get a fresh smell of lemon or natural flower, it will instantly change your mood and
you can easily get in to moon on with salinity and peace in mind. You can easily
concentrate on your work or speak to everyone without spoiling your mood. Air
fresheners are indeed very well associated with the well-being of human beings with a
boost to positive attitude.
On the study conducted by Jackson (n.d), he proved that natural air fresheners are
also responsible in killing airborne pathogens which are the microorganisms and airborne
pathogens which are present in the environment that sometimes creates unhealthy
atmosphere. According to him, if you can use the air fresheners with natural essential oil
extracts, the airborne pathogens which are harmful for your body will be eradicated with
the natural air fresheners. Even in our vehicles and bathrooms we can use these air
fresheners in order to stay fresh and healthy at all times.

Moreover the study performed by Fox (n.d), verified that there is convincing
evidence that pleasant fragrances that a natural air fresheners have can improve our mood
and sense of well-being. She also states that recent studies have shown that our
expectations about an odour, rather than any direct effects of exposure to it, may
sometimes be responsible for the mood and health benefits reported. In her experiment,
she found that just telling subjects that a pleasant or unpleasant odour was being
administered, which they might not be able to smell, altered their self-reports of mood
and well being. The mere mention of a positive odour reduced reports of symptoms
related to poor health and increased reports of positive mood. More reliable results have
been obtained, however, from experiments using placebos (odourless sprays). These
studies have demonstrated that although subjects do respond to some extent to odourless
placebos which they think are fragrances, the effect of the real thing is significantly
greater. The thought of pleasant fragrances may be enough to make us a bit more
cheerful, but the actual smell can have dramatic effects in improving our mood and sense
of well-being.
3. Which is more effective to use the liquid type or the gel type of natural air
freshener?
According to Pintubosi (2017), air freshener is a household product that can release the
chemicals they contain into the air and inhaled by consumers which are intended to
dampen smells bad inside the room so as to cause the room feels comfortable. Forms of
freshener on the market there are several types, among others, the solid (used for cabinets
and toilets), liquid, spray and gel. Fragrances, gel is usually laid out by hanging or placed

in a place. Freshener consists of two basic ingredients, namely, fragrances and solvents.
Solvents there are two types of water and oil. Fragrances that use water-based materials
are made in the form of a gel. Shaped air freshener scent gels have a relatively short
stability, yet easy teruarai making it safe for the environment. Moreover, the air freshener
in gel dosage form is easier in terms of storage and packaging.
In addition in the study of Sayce et al. (1976), they determine the ability of
carrageenan to be formulated as a air freshener gelling agent with fragrance of lemon oil
and binder of patchouli oil. Gel formulation in the study was made from a mixture of
carrageenan and sodium benzoate in distilled water at a temperature of 75oC and then
added patchouli and citrus essential oil with a variety of different concentrations of 1%,
2% and 3%, then performed an evaluation form hedonic test gel with 15 panelists,
evaporation of a liquid test during 4 weeks of storage. The results of their study indicate
that the best gel formula is the formula A3 with a carrageenan concentration of 3%.
Results per cent of total evaporation of liquid air freshener gel formula are respectively
58.45%, 40.46%, 27.55%.
Annandale et al. (2013), defined liquid air fresheners as the tools which are
conventionally used to provide a desired fragrance to ambient air, or to mask, neutralize
or counteract undesirable odors in the air, or to achieve a combination of these functions.
Many liquid air fresheners are commercially available in different formats such as reed or
wick diffusers, electrical plug-in devices, aerosols, or sprays. The perfume composition
of the air freshener may be a fragrance concentrate, a true solution, or a colloidal solution
such as a micro emulsion. However, conventional liquid air fresheners often suffer from
certain disadvantages and limitations. For example, air freshener performance may be

unsatisfactory due to limited or even unacceptable fragrance performance, product
longevity, esthetical appearance, or temperature product stability over time. Certain air
fresheners include high levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) solvents, which are
disfavored due to environmental and safety concern, and may raise regulatory concerns.
Also, many conventional air freshener formulations, including aqueous-based
formulations, impose restriction in fragrance creativity and limitations on the level of
fragrance that can be employed due to fragrance solubility or solubilization issues. For
example, perfumed liquid air fresheners containing high level of water often require large
amounts of solubilizers, such as surfactants, in order to achieve the desired clarity and
stability of the final products. Such products may contain excess amounts of solubilizers
with respect to the perfume; sometimes the weight ratio of surfactant to perfume is at
least 1.5:1 or even higher, which may have unsatisfactory impact on fragrance
performance over time, such as fragrance release and fragrance perception (intensity,
character, and the like). The use of high levels of solubilizers can lead to unacceptable
product performance, such as limited performance over time due to suppressed or poor
fragrance release through delivery device such as wicks or reeds as a result of the
solubilizer clogging the capillary channels in the diffuser. Similarly, high levels of
solubilizers can result in clogging of the actuator in nozzle sprays. Therefore, they
conclude that there is a need for improved air freshener formulations to address these and
other problems.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES

This chapter deals with the methods and procedures used by the researchers. This
study introduces the details by the research design, subjects of the study, statistical
treatment of data, and the data gathering instruments and procedures that were utilized by
the researchers in order to come up with this study.
Type of Study Done
Wyk (2016), defined research design as the overall plan for connecting the
conceptual research problems to the pertinent (and achievable) empirical research. In
other words, the research design articulates what data is required, what methods are going
to be used to collect and analyze this data, and how all of this is going to answer the
proposed research question of a particular study.
This study aims to gather necessary information about the feasibility and
effectiveness of the natural air freshener out of the lemon extract and rosemary plant. The
researchers will use the experimental quantitative and descriptive qualitative method of
research to explain, describe, analyze, and interpret the data towards the realization of the
study.
As stated by Creswell (2014), qualitative research is an approach for exploring
and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human
problem. The process of research involves emerging questions and procedures, data
typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis inductively building from
particulars to general themes, and the researcher making interpretations of the meaning of
the data. The final written report has a flexible structure. Those who engage in this form

of inquiry support a way of looking at research that honors an inductive style, a focus on
individual meaning, and the importance of rendering the complexity of a situation.
On the other hand Creswell (2014), also defined the quantitative research is an
approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables.
These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so that numbered
data can be analyzed using statistical procedures. The final written report has a set
structure consisting of introduction, literature and theory, methods, results, and
discussion. Like qualitative researchers, those who engage in this form of inquiry have
assumptions about testing theories deductively, building in protections against bias,
controlling for alternative explanations, and being able to generalize and replicate the
findings.
Research Setting, Site and Participants
The subjects of this study are the Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics (STEM) students of the private school Padre Vicente Garcia Memorial
Academy (PVGMA).
The researchers will choose 10 students from the Grade 12 Linnaeus and another
10 students from the Grade 12 Einstein, therefore a total of 20 selected STEM students
from the Grade 12 will serve as the respondents of the present study.
The table below presents the number of distribution of the respondents in the
research setting which is the Padre Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy.
Grade 12 STEM Students Number of Respondents

Einstein 10
Linnaeus 10
TOTAL 20
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers employed several statistical methods in order to properly evaluate
and analyze the data gathered. The following statistical tools were used to present the
description of the data and findings of the study.
Frequency. This refers to the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a
particular period of time or in a given sample (Calderon, 2011). In this study, it is used to
determine the number of respondents who will answer a particular question.
Ranking. This refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs,
groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics and tensors which are
used to strengthen the account brought by the frequency on every response in each item.
Composite Mean. This statistical tool was used to determine the extent of the perception
of the respondents about the usage of the natural air freshener.
Formula:
CM =
∑ WM
n
CM= Composite Mean
WM= Weighted Mean

n = number of items/number of questions
Weighted Mean. This will be used to quantify the data of the survey about the students’
assessment of the effectiveness of the natural air freshener out of lemon extract and
rosemary plant.
Formula:
WM=
∑ fx
n
WM= Weighted Mean
f = frequency
x = scale
n = total number of respondents
Scoring of the Responses. The responses provided by the respondents were interpreted
based from the four point Likert scale provided on the questionnaires. One (1)
corresponds to the lowest while four (4) corresponds to the highest. The data were
interpreted in terms of criteria based on the following scale:
N −1
Range=
N
N= number of responses
4−1
Range=
4
3
Range=
4
Range=0.75

Option Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree
2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Instrument
Survey questionnaire and interview will be used as the main instrument of the
study to gather data about the subject. The questions on the survey questionnaires focused
on the students’ assessment with regards to effectiveness of the natural air freshener out
of lemon extract and rosemary plant in terms of its appearance, odor, and as well as the
extent of its scent.
On the other hand, the interview will be used to describe the reaction experienced
by the respondents upon using the natural air freshener and it was also used to support the
existing data gathered by the researchers regarding the effectiveness of the lemon extract
and rosemary plant as a natural air freshener.
Construction of the questionnaire. The researchers came up with a set of questionnaire
after conducting researches and gathering information, reading related articles and
journals, and researching from the library. The prepared set of questionnaire for the
students was divided into three parts.
The first part consists of the questions regarding the effectiveness of the liquid
type and gel type natural air freshener. The second part deals with the comparison of the

two sample products and the third part addresses the advantages of using the natural air
freshener out of lemon extract and rosemary plant.
Validation of the questionnaire. After the researchers made a draft of the questionnaire,
it was submitted to their thesis adviser for evaluation. The adviser then gave her
comments and suggestions for the betterment of the questionnaire. It was then
consolidated by the researchers in making the second draft.
The draft was given to authorities for validation to ensure content and construct
validity. After the corrections were considered, the final draft of the questionnaire was
made.
Administration of the questionnaire. Upon coming up with the final draft of the survey,
the researchers prepared letters for the school’s principal asking permission for the
distribution of the questionnaires and for the conduct of an interview to the Grade 12
STEM students of Padre Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy. Right after having the
permission, the researchers started conducting the study by personally distributing the
survey questionnaires and conducting interviews to selected respondents.
Data Gathering Procedures
The researchers conducted an experiment in order to come up with their finished
product which is the liquid and gel type natural air freshener out of the lemon extract and
rosemary plant. They completed and prepared the sufficient quantity of their product
which will be used by the respondents.

Right after the accomplishing the experiment, the researchers started the process
of performing their survey and interview wherein they personally asked the permission
and approval of the advisers of the students as well as the school principal and
administrator of Padre Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy for the distribution of the
prepared survey questionnaires and same goes with the execution of the interview.
All of the questionnaires were personally distributed by the researchers to the
respondents. After giving the instructions, the respondents started answering it. After the
survey questionnaires were answered by the respondents, they were retrieved and the
answers were tallied and evaluated.
Matching of the Research Questions and Research Methods
The figure 2 shows the specific research methods such as the experiment, review
of related literature and the survey and interview which were made by the researchers in
order to answer the research questions of the study.
Research Questions Research Question Research Question Research Question

1 2 3
“What are the “What are the “Which is more

properties of lemon benefits that can be effective to use the
extract and rosemary derived from using a liquid type or the gel
plant which makes it natural air type of natural air

freshener?”
as an effective freshener?”
ingredient in making
a natural air
freshener?”
Research Methods
Experiment 
Review of Related
  
Literature
Survey and
 
Interview
Figure 2: Matching of the research questions and research methods
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the gathered data which
were collected through review of related literature, experiment, survey and interview that

were conducted by the researchers regarding the feasibility of making a natural air
freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves.
QUALITATIVE DATA
 Review of Related Literature
The review of related literature was done by the researchers through in-depth search
of reliable sources in the internet. Related articles and journals to the present study which
were done bydifferent authors were saved and reviewed by the researchers in order to
gather enough information that will help in answering the pending research questions of
the study.
 Result of the Review of Related Literature
The data gathered from the review of related literature helps in determining the
individual composition of the lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves, which makes them
a potent ingredient in making a natural air freshener. Moreover, the benefits of using an
all natural air freshener were also determined by the researchers upon reviewing the
published and unpublished literary works which covers the harmful effects of the
commercial air fresheners which were sold in the market. This only proves that the
researchers were able to gather sufficient information which is truly beneficial towards
the realization of the present study.
 Experiment

The experiment was conducted by the researchers inPoblacion B, Rosario, Batangas
on January 31, 2018. It was primarily performed to test the feasibility of lemon extract
and rosemary leaves in making a natural air freshener. The availability of lemon and
rosemary in the location is the main reason why the researchers chose to perform the
experiment in the aforementioned place. Below are the materials and equipments used by
the researchers in performing the experiment.
Table 1. Materials and Equipments Needed for the Liquid Type
Materials/ Equipments Quantity
Cloth/Strainer 1 piece
Water 10 mL
Container 1 piece
(preferably, a sprayer for the liquid type)
Lemon 2 pieces
Rosemary Leaves 5 grams
Mortar and Pestle 1 piece
Table 2. Materials and Equipment Needed for the Gel Type
Materials/ Equipments Quantity

Casserole 1
Cloth/Strainer 1 piece
Water 1 cup
Container 1 piece
Lemon 3-5 pieces
Rosemary Leaves 2.5 grams
Gelatin Powder 1 pack
Mortar and Pestle 1 piece
Operating Procedures
The mentioned materials and equipments above were prepared by the researchers
in order to start up the experiment. All of those materials and equipments were ensured to
be in a good condition to avoid unnecessary complications. The researchers collected the
lemon peel extract with the use of the mortar and pestle and upon having the accurate
amount of extract needed, the residue was separated using the strainer. Right after that,

the researchers proceeded in making the liquid type natural air freshener by adding the
lemon peel extract with the rosemary leaves. The solution was set aside for about an hour
and later on it was transferred to the container which is the sprayer.
The researchers continue by formulating the gel type of the natural air freshener.
The lemon peel extract was then again added with the rosemary leaves. Then the one cup
of water was poured into the casserole and it was subjected to medium heat while slowly
pouring down the gelatin powder. By the time that the mixture was about to boil the
combined lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves were added. The mixture was left, to
cool for 3 minutes and was poured into the gel type container.
 Results of the Experiment
The researchers were able to successfully make a liquid type and gel type natural
air freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves. Upon having the finalproduct
the researchers let the two products to be used by the respondents one at a time, in order
to assess the effectiveness of each product. Later on, they proceeded in performing the
survey and interview to their target respondents which aims to gather necessary
information that will support the present study.
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Table 3. Benefits of Using the Natural Air Freshener Out of Lemon Peel Extract and
Rosemary Leaves
Frequency
Distribution Weighted Verbal
Items Ranking
4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation

1. Has no adverse effect on
9 10 1 0 3.4 Strongly Agree 1
human health.
2. Is more affordable than
the existing commercial air 5 15 0 0 3.25 Agree 2
fresheners.
3.Provides a pleasant scent,
5 14 1 0 3.2 Agree 3
all over the classroom.
Composite Mean= 3.28
As shown in Table 3 a composite mean of 3.28 was obtained with regards to the
benefits of natural air freshener which is verbally interpreted as strongly agree. Among
the given items, the first statement ranked first having the weighted mean of 3.4, with the
verbal interpretation of strongly agree wherein it states that the natural air freshener has
no adverse effect on human health. It is more affordable than the existing commercial air
freshener ranked second with 3.25 mean value and was verbally interpreted as agree.
Another benefit which can be derived from the natural air freshener is the fact that
it provides a pleasant scent all over the classroom. This item ranked third among the
given items with a weighted mean of 3.2 and had a verbal interpretation of agree.
According to the interview conducted by the researchers, a lot of students of this
present generation were all aware of the hazardous chemicals that the commercial air
fresheners contained that is why they believed that using an all natural air freshener is
indeed beneficial to the populace.
Table 4. Effectiveness of the Natural Air Freshener Out of Lemon Peel Extract and
Rosemary Leaves
Items Frequency Weighted Verbal Ranking

Distribution Mean Interpretation

4 3 2 1
1. The natural air

freshener is an effective
8 11 1 0 3.35 Strongly Agree 1.5
alternative to the
commercial ones.
2. The lemon scent
blendefficiently with the
rosemary resulting to an 9 9 2 0 3.35 Strongly Agree 1.5
amusing natural air
freshener.
3. It neutralizes the foul
odor inside the 4 14 2 0 3.1 Agree 5
classroom.
4. The scent of the
natural air freshener
helps in stimulating a 6 14 0 0 3.3 Strongly Agree 3
positive attitude within
yourself.
5. The fragrance that the
natural air freshener
4 16 0 0 3.2 Agree 4
provides has a soothing
effect.
As shown in Table 2 two with regards to the effectiveness of the natural air
freshener items acquired similar weighted mean of 3.35, wherein it was stated that the
natural air freshener is an effective alternative to the commercial ones and the lemon
scent bend efficiently with the rosemary resulting to an amusing natural air freshener.
Both items ranked 1.5 and were interpreted as strongly agree.
Ranked third among the items given is that the natural air freshener has a scent
that helps in stimulating a positive attitude within one’s self. This acquired a weighted
mean of 3.3 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree. As perceived by the
respondents, the natural air freshener’s fragrance has a soothing effect with a 3.2 mean

value and verbally interpreted as Agree. Lastly, ranked 5 among the given items is that
the natural air freshener neutralizes the foul odor inside the classroom it acquires a mean
value of 3.1 and interpreted verbally as Agree.
The composite mean of 3.26 suggests that the respondents strongly agreed with
regards to the effectiveness of the natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract and
rosemary leaves. Moreover, based on the interview conducted by the researchers, the
interviewee’s states that since they were able to usethe product by themselves, they have
proved its effectiveness precisely based on their keen observation upon the usage of the
said product.
Table 5. Comparison of the Liquid Type and Gel Type Out of Lemon Peel Extract
and Rosemary Leaves
Items for the Liquid Frequency

Type Distribution Weighted Verbal
1. Has a scent that lasts 4 9 7 0 2.85 Agree

longer than the gel type.
2. Is more convenient to 4 11 5 0 2.95 Agree
use rather than the gel
type.
Composite Mean= 2.9
Frequency
Distribution Weighted Verbal
Items for the Gel Type
1. Has a scent that lasts 3 12 5 0 2.9 Agree

longer than the liquid
type.
2. Is more convenient to 6 8 6 0 3 Agree
use rather than the liquid
type.
Table 5 shows the comparison of the liquid type and gel type natural air freshener.
Wherein among the given items for the liquid type, the first item which states the liquid
type has a scent that lasts longer than the gel type acquired a mean value of 2.85 which is
verbally interpreted as agree. In addition, the liquid type is more convenient to use rather
than the gel type statement, obtained a mean value of 2.95 and was also verbally
interpreted as agree. On the other hand, the table also shows that among the items given
with regards to the gel type natural air freshener, the first item wherein it says that the gel
type has a scent that lasts longer than the liquid type acquired a mean value of 2.9 which
is verbally interpreted as agree. While the second item which states that the gel type is
more convenient to use rather than the liquid type, obtained a mean value of 3.0 and was
verbally interpreted as agree.
The composite mean of 2.9 and 2.95 only signifies that most of the respondents
prefer to use the gel type natural air freshener rather than the liquid type. Furthermore this
was supported by the interview conducted by the researchers wherein the interviewee’s
said that the gel type was indeed more convenient to use mainly because of its container
and as well as the scent that it provides.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study aimed to determine the feasibility of making a natural air freshener out
of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves. The study also focused on assessing the
effectiveness of the said product which is the natural air freshener.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the properties of lemon extract and rosemary plant which make it as an
effective ingredient in making a natural air freshener?
2. What are the benefits that can be derived from using a natural air
freshener?
3. Which is more effective to use the liquid type or the gel type of natural air
freshener?
The qualitative and quantitative methodsof research were utilized in this study to
explain, describe, analyze and interpret the data towards the realization of the study. Data
were gathered by means of experimentation and observation done by the researchers,
surveys and interviews were also conducted among the Grade 12 students of Padre
Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy.

Findings
After all of the gathered data and results were tabulated, statistically treated,
analyzed and interpreted, this study revealed the following:
1. Effectiveness of the Natural Air Freshener Out of Lemon Peel Extract and
Rosemary Leaves
The review of related literature revealed that, the lemon peel’s outer layer which
is calledFlavedo is a rich source of essential oils which have been used since ancient
times by the fragrance industry. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the peel
extract is directly concerned with the components that it contains such as flavonoids
and alkaloids. The rosemary on the other handis also known to be a rich source of
essential oils which can be used in cosmetics, perfumery and also has its own
antibacterial and antimicrobialproperties.
The result of the survey and interview conducted by the researchers showsthat the
students perceived all the items with regards to the effectiveness of the natural air
freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves positively, having a
composite mean of 3.26 which is verbally interpreted as strongly agree.
2. Benefits of Using the Natural Air Freshener Out of Lemon Peel Extract and
Rosemary Leaves
As perceived by the respondents it reveals that they strongly agreed that the
natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves was really

beneficial to them. Having no adverse effect on human health with a weighted mean
of 3.4 was recognized by the respondents as the very first benefit which can be
derived from using a natural air freshener. Followed by the item which states that the
natural air freshener is more affordable than the existing commercial air fresheners
having the weighted mean of 3.25 and it provides a pleasant scent all over the
classroom with 3.2mean value.
3. Comparison of the Liquid Type and Gel Type Out of Lemon Peel Extract and
Rosemary Leaves
A composite mean of 2.9 was acquired by the items with regards to the liquid
typenatural air freshener while the items under the gel type obtained a composite
mean value of 2.95. The difference between the two offered products signifies that
the respondents agreed that the gel type natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract
and rosemary leaves is more effective to use rather than the liquid type mainly
because it has a scent that last longer and it is more convenient to use.
Conclusions
Based from the findings cited above, the researchers arrived on the following
conclusions:
1. Lemon and rosemary possessed active components such as flavonoids and
alkaloids which is responsible for their antibacterial and antimicrobial activities.
Both of them were known as aromatic plants that were also identified as a rich
source of essential oilswhich makes them a potent ingredient in making a natural
air freshener.
2. The natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary plant provides
different benefits which include obtaining a pleasant scent without causing
anyadverse effect on human health and is proven to be more affordable than the
existing commercial air fresheners in the local market.
3. The gel type natural air freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary leaves is
recognized as the more effective one rather than the liquid type.
Recommendations
Based from the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby
offered:
 For the consumers, the air freshener out of lemon peel extract and rosemary
leaves is recommended to be used not only at home but as well as to any
establishments.
 For the teachers, the discovery of this natural air freshener should be taught
among the students for them to distinguish the possible usage of lemon peel
extract and rosemary leaves.

 For the future researchers, to have further studies to search for any other aromatic
plant that contains antibacterial and antimicrobial properties which can also be
used as a potential alternative air freshener.


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PADRE VICENTE GARCIA MEMORIAL ACADEMY, INC.

“Your partner in education since 1946”

LEMON PEEL EXTRACT AND ROSEMARY LEAVES

Conti, King Claiver U.

De Luna, Mark Ericson

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements Research in Daily Life2/Research Project

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

making it possible to get rid of still air.

to chemicals or smells (Solomon, 2007).

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

have been using today.

antibacterial activities in crude extracts of different parts of lemon against clinically

significant in bacterial strains.

preservation. The plant is also known to be employed in traditional medicines in many

the pharmacologically validated medicinal uses of rosemary are antibacterial, anticancer,

anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-

ulcerogenic, improving cognitive deficits, anti-diuretic, and hepatoprotective effects. The

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

employed as natural ingredients of fragrances.

congestion and muscular aches and pain.

promotes the breakdown of body fat.

This study aims to answer the question:

Specifically this study sought to answer the following research questions:

ingredient in making a natural air freshener?

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study

Vicente Garcia Memorial Academy because they have an air-conditioned classroom

to determine the advantages and disadvantages of having an air freshener in their

freshener in a non air-conditioned classroom.

Significance of the Study

following persons and entities:

students in their future discussions.

beneficial to the them in the near future.

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

natural air freshener out of lemon and rosemary plant.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

> Lemon peel >The researchers >The liquid type

Figure 1: Research Paradigm on the Feasibility of Making a Natural Air

Freshener Out of Lemon Extract and Rosemary Plant

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

understanding of the study.

Alkaloids. It is defined as the naturally occurring chemical compounds containing basic

lemon extract have which shows anticancer and antibacterial activities.

multiplication or growth, or prevent their pathogenication (Gordon, 2009). In this study,

responsible in combating bacteria.

Antioxidant. It is defined as man-made or natural substances that prevent or delay some

deterioration of stored food products.

Assessment. It is the systematic process of gathering information from many sources to

make appropriate educational decisions (Yukon Department of Education, 2015). In this

collect data from the respondents of the study.

grown under controlled conditions.

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

existed over a long period of time.

Rutaceae. It is known as the family of flowering plants (order Sapindales), which

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

to the research questions of the present study.

makes it as an effective ingredient in making a natural air freshener?

presence of associated bioactive compounds (flavonoids and vitamin C) with antioxidant

fiber (Janati et. al, 2012).

🏢Y Zuño St., Poblacion B., Rosario, Batangas|| ☎ (043) 311-3927||