Surface Areas and Volumes

Solid
Polyhedrons

Cuboid: Lateral Surface Area (LSA) = 2h (l + b)

TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl)

Volume = lbh

l : length

b : Breadth

h : Height

Area of four walls of a room = lh + lh + bh + bh = 2(l + b)h

Diagonal of cuboid = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏 2 + ℎ2

Cube: LSA = 4a2

TSA = 6a2

Volume = a3, a : Edge of the cube

Diagonal of cube = √3𝑎

Non-polyhedrons

Right circular cylinder

CSA = Perimeter of cross-section x height = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ

TSA = 2𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + ℎ) = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟 2

Volume = Area of cross-section x height = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

𝑟: radius of the base, h: height

Hollow cylinder

Thickness of cylinder = R – r

Area of cross-section = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )

External CSA = 2𝜋𝑅𝐻

Internal CSA = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ

TSA = External curved area + internal curved area + area of two ends

= 2𝜋𝑅ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )

= 2𝜋(𝑅ℎ + 𝑟ℎ + 𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )

Volume of material = 𝜋𝑅 2 ℎ − 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )ℎ

Important definitions

Cylinder: A solid obtained by revolving a rectangular lamina about one of its sides is
called a right circular cylinder.

Right Circular Cone: A solid obtained by revolving a right angled triangular lamina
about any side (other than the hypotenuse) is called a right circular cone.

Sphere: A sphere is a solid obtained on revolving a circle about any of its diameters.

Hemisphere: When a sphere is cut by a plane through its centre into two equal parts,
then each part is called a hemisphere.

Spherical Shell: The solid enclosed between two concentric spheres is called a
spherical shell.

Hemispherical Shell: The solid enclosed between two concentric hemispheres is

called a hemispherical shell.

Frustum of a cone: If a cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base of the cone, then
the portion between this plane and the base is called the frustum of the cone.

CSA = Lateral/curved surface area

TSA = Total surface area.

Right circular cone

CSA = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 = 𝜋𝑟 √𝑟 2 + ℎ2

TSA = Curved Surface Area + Area of Circular Base

= 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟)
1
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

Slant height = 𝑙 = √(𝑟 2 + ℎ2 )

 (𝑟: 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒; ℎ: ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝑙: 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)

Frustum of a cone

CSA = 𝜋𝑙(𝑅 + 𝑟) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = √ℎ2 + (𝑅 − 𝑟)2

TSA = 𝜋{𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑙(𝑅 + 𝑟)}

𝜋ℎ
Volume = {𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑅𝑟}
3

R and r : Radii, h = height, l = slant height

Hemisphere

CSA = 2𝜋𝑟 2

TSA = 3𝜋𝑟 2 (𝑖𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑)

2
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 , 𝑟: 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠

Sphere

CSA = 4𝜋𝑟 2

TSA = 4𝜋𝑟 2
4
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑟: 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠

Spherical Shell

Thickness = R – r
4
Volume = 𝜋 (𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 ).
3

R : Outer Radius, r : Inner radius

Hemispherical Shell

Area of base = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )

External CSA = 2𝜋𝑅 2

Internal CSA = 2𝜋𝑟 2

TSA = 2𝜋𝑅 2 + 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ) = 𝜋(3𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 )

 2
Volume of material = 3 𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 )