Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BS 7121 Part 5 (97) Tower Crane
BS 7121 Part 5 (97) Tower Crane
~~
~
ICs 53.020.20
PYING SI PERMISSI AS PE IG
_ - ~
The foliowing bodies were also represented in the drafhng of the standard, through
a subcommittee:
O BSI 1997
AmdNo. Date Text affected
Contents
page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword 11
Code of practice
1 scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Management of the lifting operation 1
6 Planning the lifting operation 1
6 Selection and duties of personnel 2
7 Attributes of personnel 2
8 Selection of tower cranes 3
9 safety 11
10 Siting of cranes 12
11 Erecting, dismantling and aiteration of height 13
12 Procedures and precautions 14
13 operating conditions 15
14 Testing and examinaton 15
16 Legai requirements 16
16 Ropes 16
17 Slinging and handling of loads 16
18 Raising or lowering of personnel 16
19 signalling systems 16
20 m g and guying 16
21 Signboards
" 16
Annex
A (informative) Specimen copy of informaîion sheet RA 195 published by
the Radio Communications Agency 17
Figures
1 Qpesoftower 5
2 mes of jib 6
3 mesofbase 8
4 Low mounted tower crane 10
~~~ ~
i
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~~~
Foreword
This Part of BS 7121 has been prepared by Technical Committee MHE#. It provides
recommendations for the safe use of tower cranes. It should be used in conjunction
with BS 7121 : Parts 1and 2, to which specific references are made.
It is in the interest of all parties involved in lifting operationsto ensure that these
operations are carried out efficiently and safely. This Part of BS 7121 has been written
to provide recommendations for the safe use of the tower crane at all stages of its
utilizaton.
This Part of BS 7121 is commended to owners and users of tower cranes, who are
encouraged to observe all the recommendations, and where possible, upgrade emsting
equipment and operating procedures accordingly.
Whilst it is recognized that the recommendations given do not relate to the design and
manufacture of tower cranes, designers are strongly advised to take them into
consideration.
This Part of BS 7121 is one of a series of standasds entitled Code of pmcticefor safe
use of c r a m as follows:
Partl. GfYnEmL
Part 2. Inspection, testing and exurnimttion
Part 3. Mobile cranes1)
Part4. Lorryloaders
Part5. Towercmnes
Part 6. Derriclc munes1)
Part7. íhwhedunderhung tmvding and goliath mm')
Part 8. High pedestal and portaE jib cranes1)
part 9. Container h a d i n g maw')
part 10. RU~Jmounted cmnesl>
part 11. ûfls/tm-emnesl)
It has been assumed in the draffing of this British Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
A s a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and
recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular
care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.
Annex A is reproduced with permission of the RadioconununicationsAgency.
Attention is drawn to relevant legislation and, in pAcular, to statutory requirements
for the testing and examination of cranes.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a &ont cover, an inside h n t cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
i) in preparation.
ii
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
S T D - B S I BS 7121: P A R T 5-ENGL 1717 U 1 b 2 4 b b 7 Ob2543b b 5 7 M
Code of practice
O BSI 1997 1
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
6 Selection and duties of personnel 7 Attributes of personnel
6.1 Selection 7.1 Crane driver
Reference should be made to 6.1 of BS 7121 : Reference should be made to 6.1 of BS 9121 :
Part 1: 1989 and 6.1 of BS 7121 : Part 4 : 1997. Part 1: 1989.
6.2 Duties Tower crane drivers can be required to climb to
considerable heights and to spend long periods of
6.2.1 Crane driver
time in isolation. Thii should be borne in mind when
Reference should be made to 6.2.1 of BS 7121 : selecting tower crane drivers.
Part 1: 1989.
7.2 Slinger
6.2.2 Slinger
Reference should be made to 6.2 of BS 7121 :
Reference should be made to 6.2.2 of BS 7121 : Part 1: 1989.
Part 1: 1989.
7.3 Signaller
6.2.3 Signaller
Reference should be made to 6.3 of BS 7121 :
Reference should be made to 6.2.3 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989. Part 1: 1989.
6.2.4 Crane erector 7.4 Crane erector
Reference should be made to 6.2.4 of BS 7121 : Reference should be made to 6.4 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989. Part 1: 1989.
6.2.6 Maintenance personnel 7.6 Maintenance personnel
Reference should be made to 6.2.6 of BS 7121 : Reference should be made to 6.6 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989. Part 1 : 1989.
6.2.6 Crane coordinator In addition, the maintenance personnel should be:
The crane coordinator should plan the sequence of a) fully conversant with the appropriate sections
operations of tower cranes on sites having more than of the manufacturer’s instruction m a n w
one crane, to ensure that cranes, components and b) familiar with the ‘permit to work system where
loads do not collide. it is required by the safe system of work, and able
to operate it correctly;
6.2.7 Crane erection supervisor
c) familiar with all aspects of their personal
NOTE 1. The crane erection supervisor is the ‘erector in charge’, protective equipment and capable of using it
as detaileà in 5.2.4 of BS 7121 : Part 1 : 1989.
correctly.
The crane erection supervisor should have the
responsibilities of a crane erector plus the following. 7.6 Crane coordinator
a) The crane erection supervisor should be in The crane coordinator should be:
control of ali crane erectors and of any additional a) competent;
cranage and lifting equipment which may be used b) over 21 years of age unless under the direct
in the erectionldismantling operation. supervision of a person competent for the
b) The crane erection supervisor should provide a purposes of training;
means for ensuring that the operation is carried c) fit, with particular regard to eyesight, hearing,
out in accordance with the crane coordinator’s reflexes and agility;
plan. d) experienced for at least five years in the use of
c) Additional cranage and equipment should be in tower cranes;
accordance with that specified and properly e) trained in the techniques of signalling and with
certified. a good understanding of the signai code in
d) All erectors should be equipped with the figure 2 of BS 7121 : Part 1: 1989;
necessary tools and personal protective equipment. f ) capable of giving precise and clear verbal
NOTE 2. The appointed person (see 3.2 of BS 7121 : Part 1 : 1989) instructions where audio equipment (e.g. radio) is
retains overall responsibiiity for the erectioddkrnantling
operation, including the planning. employed, and capable of operating such
If the crane erection supervisor has to leave the site equipment in accordance with 19.2.
of the operation, even for a few minutes, he or she 7.7 Crane erection supervisor
should appoint another member of his/her team to The crane erection supervisor should have the same
be in charge during the period of absence, in order attributes as the crane erector and:
to prevent any ambiguity as to the control of the
operation. a) have at least five years’ experience in the
NOTE 3. The crane erection supervisor should attempt to remain erection and dismantling of tower cranes or
on site throughout the whole of the erectioddkmantiing similar equipment, and be trained in the
operation. supervison of such operations;
2
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~ ~ ~
~
O BSI 1997 3
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
8.6.2 Rail mounted tower crane 0.6.6 Crawler mounted tower crane
A rail mounted tower crane is mounted on a chassis Some tower cranes mounted on a crawler base have
frame which is supported on rail wheels which are means of self-levelling. They are equipped with a
usually double flanged. There can be four single sensing device to detect verticality. The seif-levelling
wheels on smaller machines or more usuaiiy four function has a limited range of correction and great
double wheel bogeys. The wheels or bogeys can care should be taken when travelling over uneven
have special mountings to enable the crane to ground. Crawler mounted cranes without
negotiate bends. Rail mounted tower cranes may be self-levelling should not be moved over uneven
of any of the types described in 8.2 and 8.3. Stability ground when erected.
is normally obtained by means of ballast weights
which should be adequately secured to prevent 8.6.6 Micro tower crane
accidental displacement or removal, and the detail of Micro tower cranes are tower crane units complete
the ballast should be on the notice near the base of for mounting on the top of either a special mast or a
the crane giving the crane capacities. hoist mast. "hey usually have a radius of
NOTE.Rail tracks for tower cranes are in 10.3.2. approximately 6 m, a safe working load always
under 1000 kg and are remote controlled. Micro
0.6.3 Lorry mounted tower crane (see figure 4) tower cranes are generally used for offloading
A lorry mounted tower crane is mounted on a truck materials and placing within a limited area of a
or lorry chassis. These are particularly suitable when building.
considerable inter-site mobility is required. Extra 8.6 Remote controls
care should be taken in ensuring that outriggers,
jacks, etc., are adequately supported for their Where cranes are available with remote controls,
imposed loads. care should be taken in their use for the following
reasons.
8.6.4 Wheel mounted tower crane a) The crane driver has no 'feel' for the machine
Some very small capacity tower cranes are available and could, under certain circumstances, be
on trailer mounts with pneumatic tyres. These tempted to handle the machine more dangerously
machines need to be towed into position and should than if the crane were operated via a cabin
be properly mounted on their outriggers or jacks control.
before erection or use. The manufacturer's erection b) Infra-red remote control may be unreliable on
instructions should be scrupulously observed and if tower cranes if the receiving sensor rotates with
the operator is to erect and dismantle this type of the crane and thus loses alignment with the
crane, he or she should be specifically trained and transmitter.
have the athibutes of an erector (see 7.4).
NOTE. Remote controls have one main advantage in that the
crane driver can be at a point of safety when the crane is in use,
especially during overload testing.
a) Fixed tower
b) Slewing tower
Figure 1. Types of tower
O BSI 1997 5
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services ~
~~
b) Luffing jib
Figure 2. Types of jib
6
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~
~
*
m c) Fïxed jib
*
0 BSIStandards
COPYRIGHT British 1997 Institution on ERC Specs and Standards 7
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STD.BS1 BS 7121: P A R T 5-ENGL 1777 I
I l b 2 9 b b 7 Ob25L(Li3 897
Sleepers Rail
\ I
b) Cill base
Figure 3. Types of base
8
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
Ballast weights
Anchorage fixings
/
*
Co
*
c ) Cruciform base
of crane tower
FMed
d) Expendable base
Figure 3. Types of base (continued)
O BSI 1997 9
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
S T D - B S I B S 7121: P A R T 5-ENGL 1 7 7 7 = 1 b i l 9 b b 7 Ob25995 bbT m
BS 7121 : Part 6 : 1997
10
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~
9.6.4 Medical records c) panoramic and similas cabs of which the top
Records should be kept of any medical examination part may be opened, conform to the Construction
for lifting operations personnel. (Work places) Regulations, 1966, Regulation 28 [3].
9.6.6 Plans and method statements
The plan or method statement for the erection of
10 Siting of cranes
tower cranes should be retained throughout the 10.1 General
duration of a crane’s service on any one contract, Reference should be made to clause 9 of
together with calculations and plans for the tower BS 7121 Part 1: 1989. Attention is drawn to 4.2.2 of
crane base. this Part of BS 7121.
NOTE. It may be necessary to refer to these in the event of a 10.2 Ground conditions
change of construction in the come of the contract requiring
alterations to be made to the crane. Where tower cranes are to be erected close to the
foundations of existing buildings or buildings to be
9.7 Access and cab safety constructed, the appointed person should ensure that
9.7.1 General the ground is consolidated as required by the
if personnel need to be present on the crane whilst designer.
the machine is in use, they should always inform the Where disturbance to the ground has occurred in the
driver. construction of adjacent foundations, a retaining wall
NOTE. It is recommended that access to tower cranes should be should be constructed or deeper foundations used
prohibited to personnel whose presence is not essential, wherever for the tower crane.
possible.
10.3 Tower crane foundations
9.7.2 Crane access 10.3.1 Expendable base blocks
The appointed person should ensure that ladders, Minimum dimensions for any expendable base block
rest platforms and other means of access are in together with the overturning moment and other
accordance with current regulations and standards. loadings during operation and out-of-service
The erection supervisor should ensure that access conditions should be as specified by the crane
equipment is correctly installed progressively as manufacturer.
erection proceeds, so that the erection team have the Having obtained from the crane manufacturer the
benefit of their use. Particular attention should be loads imposed by the crane (noting that these may
paid to: be nett and exclusive of any impact of safety
a) ladder joint bolts, factors), the foundation should be designed by a
b) guard rails, particulaxly on rest platforms and competent engineer so that the ground bearing
inspection platforms; capacity is not exceeded, including that caused by
c) access from ground to the foot of the lowest overturning moments.
ladder or to the chassis of the crane; Where the base design limits the free standing height
d) access from levels of the construction to the of the crane, the maximum permitted free standing
crane. height should be marked at the base of the crane
and entered into the documentation.
9.7.3 Jib and counterjib access
10.3.2 Rail tracks f o r tower cranes
Access to and along jibs and counter jibs for
inspection and servicing should be made safe. Rail track should be made of suitable materials and
Catwalks should be provided with handrails. Where strict control should be exercised to ensure that it is
lifelines are provided, a suitable device should be not in any way abused.
used in codunction with the harness to permit full NOTE. Rail track requires expertise in its design, layout and
installation, particuìarly if it is to be curved.
passage along the jib without detachment.
The area between the tracks should never be used
NOTE. Personal carrying cages attached to the trolley may
provide suitable aiternative safe access along the jib. for the storage of materiais or for access to, from or
across the site. The total area of the rail tracks
9.7.4 Cab sqfety should preferably be fenced off to prevent access by
The appointed person should verify that: unauthorized persons.
a) vision panels in the floor of cabs or at the If there needs to be a point at which vehicles cross
driver’s feet, in such a position that they may have the rail track, this should be carefully controlled to
to withstand all or part of the driver’s weight, are prevent accidental collision, and precautions should
guarded, for example by a mesh of adequate be taken to ensure that the track is not overloaded
strength to carry a person’s weight over the area by the vehicles crossing it.
concerned; The gauge of rail tracks should be maintained by
b) window panels in walls of cabs are protected suitable means, e.g. tie bass.
against being knocked outwards to prevent Rail tracks should not be welded or subjected to
persons falling through the aperture; heating.
O BSI 1997
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
13
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~
BS 7121 :Part 5 : 1997
1) the availability on site of a comprehensive Bolts used to secure slew races should be renewed
maker’s erectioddismantlingloperationmanual, in whenever they are removed. They should only be
the language most readily understood by the tightened in accordance with the manufacturer’s
erection team. instructions.
NOTE. It is desirable that this information is available in advance
of the operation so that the personnel concerned may familiarize 11.9 Working area
themselves with the content. The area in which a tower crane is to be erected or
11.6 Inspection before erection dismantled should be roped or fenced off and all
personnel not immediately connected with this duty
All parts should be inspected prior to erection to
ensure they belong to the crane being erected and should be excluded.
are in good condition, free from defect.
Slinging points should be identified for all 12 Procedures and precautions
components. 12.1 General
NOTE. Under certain circumstances it may be advantageous to
carry out an inspection of the tower crane before it is delivered Reference should be made to clause 11 of BS 7121 :
from the supplier to the user. Part 1: 1989.
11.6 Weather 12.2 Working on cranes
Tower cranes should not be erected or dismantled in For tower cranes likely to sway or slew in the wind,
weather conditions likely to affect the stability of the appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent
crane, e.g. high winds (reference should be made to people from being displaced from their place of
the manufacturer’s instructions for the maximum work by this movement, or being trapped by a
permissible wind speed for these particular rotating centre section of a tower crane under such
operations) or under conditions of impaired conditions.
visibility, e.g. fog.
NOTE. More stringent restrictions on wind speed appiy to
12.3 Working at heights
heightened cranes. A safe system of work should be used, in accordance
This type of work should be avoided if the with 3.1 of BS 7121 : Part 1: 1989.
conditions (e.g. ice on component parts, walkways) 12.4 Leaving the crane unattended
are likely to endanger the erectors.
When a tower crane is to be left unattended for even
11.7 Manufacturer’s erection and dismantling a short period, it is essential that the following
instructions precautions are carried out.
Reference should be made to 10.2 of BS 7121 : a) No load should be left on the hook, and all
Part 1: 1989. chains, slings, etc. should be removed.
NOTE. Many tower crane manufacturers lay down specinc b) The crane should be put out of service in
inspections and checks to be canied out in their erection and
dismantling manual. For example, it is important to ensure that accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
the lubrication requirements of tower joint bolts are met before NOTE 1. In nearly every case, this will involve turning the jib
applying torque. downwind and taking some action to ensure that the slew
brake is left off, so that the crane is free to slew in the wind.
11.8 Components and materials
NOTE 2. In the case of saddle jib cranes it is usual practice to
11.8.1 Interchangeabilitu of components bring the trolley or carriage to a minimum radius position.
Tower crane jibs may infringe air space when left in the
The interchange of structural components between out-of-service condition.
one tower crane and another should onìy be
c) In the case of luffing jib and similar cranes, the
permitted if the manufacturer has given approval.
manufacturer’s instructions concerning the angle
Having carried out such an interchange, a tower of the jib for out-of-service purposes should be
crane should be retested in its new combination, and strictly observed (see 8.3.2).
the interchanged parts should be specified on the
test certificate. d) Rail travelling cranes should be well secured to
the rails, to make sure that in the event of a high
11.8.2 Materials wind the crane cannot be blown accidentally along
Most tower crane parts are made from special steels the rails. When left for long periods (e.g.
and no repair or replacements other than overnight), the power supply to the crane should
manufacturer’s specification should be permitted. be cut off and the door of the cab secured and
Welding or other heat treatments should be carried locked.
out under the manufacturer’s specified conditions. e) When a power supply is required to be
The re-use of high tensile bolts should be strictly in maintained overnight for cab or control cabinet
accordance with the manufacturer’sconditions. heaters, lights etc., separate arrangements should
be made for the isolation of the power supply to
High strength friction grip bolts should not be the machinery.
re-used.
14
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
BS 7121 :Part 6 : 1997
13 Operating conditions starting work with the crane until the temperature
has risen sufficiently to cause a natural thaw.
13.1 General Personnel in the vicinity should be warned of the
Reference should be made to clause 12 of BS 7121 : likeliness of large lumps of ice falliig during the
Part 1: 1989. thawing.
NOTE 1. Horizontal jib tower cranes are more prone to excessive
13.2 Mode of operation and control loading from snow and ice than most other types of crane.
As the most common variation in mode of control NOTE 2. When there has been an excessively heavy fall of snow
encountered between different makes and models of this should be carefully removed from the jib and counterweight
tower cranes is the procedure for stopping the jib before putting the crane into service.
slewing motion, it is essential that the crane driver is 13.6.4 Examination following adverse weather
made aware of which method of Carrying out this conditions
duty is applicable.
After exposure to weather likely to have affected the
NOTE. Failure to use the correct method can result in excessive stabiiity of a crane, the anchorage arrangements and
structuraì stress on the crane as weii as causing failure in the
electrical systems. ballast should be examined by a competent person
It is strongly recommended that the largest as soon as practicable and before the crane is used,
practicable bold notice should be displayed in the and any necessary steps taken to ensure the stability
cab (in addition to the manufacturer’s instruction of the crane.
book) detailing the method of stopping the slew. NOTE. Attention is drawn to The Construction (Lifting operatioos)
Regulations, 1961, Regulation 19 (7) [2].
13.3 Multiple lifting Whilst the above examination is being carried out
Tower cranes should not be used for multiple lifts. the whole structure should be adequately inspected
to ensure that it has not suffered any damage or
13.4 Special duties condition likely to lead to failure in the course of
Tower cranes should not be used for carrying out bad weather.
special duties such as grabbing, lifting by magnet,
balling operations, pile driving, or extracting.
14 Testing and examination
13.6 Vacuum lifting devices
14.1 General
Reference should be made to 12.6.3 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989. Reference should be made to clause 13 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989.
Tower cranes may be used with vacuum liftiig
devices provided that the weight of the device plus Clause 14 of BS 7121 : Part 2 : 1991 should be studied
the weight of its load does not exceed the safe in detail before any attempt is made to test a tower
working load of the crane. crane.
NOTE. The manufacturer may recommend some de-rating of 14.2 Age and utilization
cranes for this duty.
Tower cranes are not designed for a high intensiw of
13.6 Weather usage. Should a crane have been subjected to such
usage, consideration should be given to the use of
13.6.1 General
non-destructive testing to detect possible fatigue
No crane should be used or erected under weather cracking. The assistance of the manufacturer or
conditions likely to endanger its stability. design authority should be sought to determine the
Reference should be made to 12.6 of BS 7121 : vulnerable parts of the structure.
Part 1 : 1989. Usage or storage of the crane in a corrosive
Attention is drawn to 11.6 of this Part of BS 7121. environment may also cause deterioration of the
crane structure and this may require more extensive
13.6.2 Wind examination.
The manufacturer’s in-service wind speed should be Fatigue damage and corrosion are also likely to be
strictly observed and cranes should be put out of present on older tower cranes, which may require
service in accordance with the manufacturer’s more detailed examination and testing as described
instructions as soon as this wind speed is reached. above.
In-service wind speeds should be carefully checked Older cranes may remain serviceable, but particular
in the manufacturer’s instructions before putting a attention should be given to these aspects on cranes
crane into operation. more than ten years old.
13.6.3 Snow and ice 14.3 Certification of cranes
Heavy accumulations of ice can make access along Reference should be made to 13.1.2 of BS 7121 :
the jib extremely hazardous, and under these Part 1: 1989.
conditions consideration should be given to not
O BSI 1997
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
15
Licensed by Information Handling Services
14.4 Personnel safety 19 Signalling systems
Attention is drawn to 3.2.4 of BS 7121 :
Part 2 : 1991 which points out that a test may fail and
19.1 General
all personnel not essential for the test should be kept Reference should be made to clause 19 of BS 7121 :
away from the area In this connection, it should be Part 1: 1989. Due to the distance between tower
noted that if a crane is equipped with remote cranes and other personnel it is important that clear
control, then this should be used for the purpose of systems of identification and communication are
carrying out the test with the driver in a safe used.
position. Attention is drawn to 8.2 of BS 7121 : Part 1: 1989.
Attention is also drawn to clause 14 of BS 7121 : 19.2 Radio communications
Part 2 : 1991 which recommends that a clamp or
similar device should be attached to the jib to limit Guidelines are given in annex A.
the radius of the trolley when carrying out a
maximum load test. Where safe access is not 20 Tying and guying
available to fit or remove the clamping device
alternative safe means of limiting the radius of the In certain circumstances a crane should be tied to
tsolley should be adopted. the structure it is constructing, or held by guy ropes
for any one of the following reasons:
a) to obtain a height in excess of the available
15 Legal requirements free-standing height;
Reference should be made to 14.1 and 14.3 of b) to restrict the movement of the tower when
BS 7121 : Part 1: 1989. With regard to specific available space is limited;
legislation, users of this Part of BS 7121 should c) to comply with the requirements of the
acquaint themselves with the current national
occupiers of adjacent properties, e.g. railways.
legislation that applies to the provision, maintenance,
examination and use of tower cranes. In any of these cases the tyindguyjng arrangements
should be in accordance with either the
manufacturer's approval or calculations carried out
16 Ropes by a competent engineer.
Reference should be made to clause 16 of BS 7121 :
Part 1: 1989. 21 Signboards
Signboards, decorations, outline lights, etc. can
17 Slinging and handling of loads impose additional loadings on the crane and should
Reference should be made to clause 16 of BS 7121 : not be fitted unless approved by the crane
Part 1: 1989. manufacturer.
Electrical supplies to such equipment should be
18 Raising or lowering of personnel restricted to 55 V max. Wiring should be protected
against damage and should not create a h-d to
Reference should be made to clause 17 of BS 7121 : personnel.
Part 1: 1989.
Tower cranes generally conform to the statutory
requirements for raising or lowering of personnel by
cranes, but due to the extra height often involved,
special care should be taken to prevent the swing of
the cradle carrying personnel, which could, in turn,
cause the cradle to spin. It is not generally
practicable to attach a tag line or similar equipment
to such a cradle, and it is suggested that a cradle
which is rectangular or square in plan would be
easier to control when bringing it alongside a
structure or building on which the occupants may be
required to work.
Care should be taken to ensure that the cradle is
kept clean and in good condition and is not used to
carry any tools, loads or equipment which may make
a foothold difficult for the occupants.
16
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~
O BSI 1997
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
17
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~ ~ ~
BS 7121 :Part 5 : 1997
me of n'equency
The Agency can allocate either a single or dual
frequency channel. If a crane is going to be at a site
for a considerable amount of time the user will require
a licence and it wili be necessary for the Agency to
assign a channel. However, if the duration of the
contract is less than twelve months, equipment may be
hired from a Short Qrm Hire licensee.
Licensing requirements
The use of all radio must be licensed but users are free
to choose either a single or dual frequency and the
system employed The Radiocommunications Agency is
not concerned about which particular system is chosen
provided that interference to other users is kept to a
minimum. Engineering trials have shown that it is
possible to share frequencies much closer than had
previously been thought possible providing the systems
are carefully engineered.
In defining what does or does not cause unacceptable
interference, it has been decided to define a maximum
signai strength at a distance from a crane no matter
which techniques are employed. This shall be a
maximum of 48 dB/uv per metre measured at 2 lan
h m the crane at a height of 3 m above ground level. It
is not intended that every crane radio should be
required to conform with this figure. It would not, for
example, be necessary in areas of the UK where use of
radio communications is relatively light. However, if an
interference complaint is received, and the offendmg
radio system does not conform to these parameters
then it will be necessary for that system to be
reengineered so that it does conform.
18
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards O BSI 1997
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~
Normative references
BSI publications
BRiTïSH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
Informative references
[ 11 GREAT BRITAIN. The Construction (Head protection) Regulations, 1989. London: HMSO.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. The Construction (Lifhng operations) Regulations, 1961. London: HMSO.
[3] GREAT BRJTAIN. The Construction (Work places) Regulations, 1966. London: HMSO.
*
GY
*
O BSI 1997
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
BS 7121 :
Part 5 :1997
BSI - British Standards Institution